资源简介

(共40张PPT)
B1U5 Reading Comprehension
课文逐句理解+知识点拓展+语法精讲
The Chinese Writing System: Connecting The Past and The Present
第一段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
语言积累：
1. 因...而广为人知： be widely known for
2.古代文明：ancient civilization
3.自始至终，从头到尾：all the way through
4.尽管：despite
5.起起伏伏；兴衰：ups and downs
中国以其古代文明而闻名,尽管历史兴衰更替，但文明一直延续到现代。
China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
语法知识：
....civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times...
which引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么
答：是定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
为什么用which引导？
从句缺主语--指代先行词civilization，指事物--用which引导
中国以其古代文明而闻名,尽管历史兴衰更替，但文明一直延续到现代。
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
为什么这种情况成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉字书写系统。
语法知识：
There are many reasons why this has been possible
why引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么？
答：定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
为什么用why引导？
定语从句不缺主/宾--表示原因--用why引导
第二段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu-- animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
一开始，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。
语言知识积累：
1. 一开始:At the beginning 2. 一种基于图片的语言:a picture-based language
词汇拓展：
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的 be based on/upon...以……为基础
True friendship should be based on each other's understanding and respect.
真正的友谊应该建立在彼此理解和尊重的基础上。
2.base vt.以..为基础 n根据 base...on/upon...把…建立在…的基础上
3.basis n.基础 on the basis of 以……为基础
eg:Statement should be made on the basis of fact. 说话要有根据。
basic adj.基础的；基本的
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu-- animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用——龙骨是古代中国人雕刻符号的动物骨头和贝壳。
语言知识积累：
1.dates back to追溯到 2.symbol n. 象征，代表,符号 3.carve v. 雕刻
词汇拓展：
date back (to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。
作定语或状语时只有主动的dating back to/from 形式。
eg:中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。(介绍传统文化)
Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history
dating back to more than 1,000 years ago.
=which dates back to more than 1,000 years ago.
单元语法知识精讲：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
...animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people
1.on which引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？
答：是定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
2.为什么是on which
①介词加关系代词引导的定语从句,介词一般来源于从句中的某个动词；
本句根据句子意思，是carve...on...把…雕刻在…上，所以是on.
②介词加关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词的选择，一般为
whom指人，which指事物
本处为“雕刻在bones and shells"上，指代事物，因此用which.
单元语法精讲：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句--介词的选择
介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词n 搭配的具体意义而定。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”—依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
请在横线处填入适当的介词
①I’ll never forget the farm _____ which I spent my childhood in the country.
解析:介词的选择依据与先行词 搭配的具体意义而定:on the farm在农场
②This is the book______which we talked yesterday.
介词的选择依据定从中动词/形容词所需要的习惯搭配而定:talk about
③Mr Field graduated in 2009，____ which he entered a famous IT company.
介词的选择根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定: after he graduated in 2009
单元语法精讲：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句--习题巩固
on
about
after
单元语法精讲:介词+关系代词引导的定语从句--关系代词的选择
1.This is the farm on ______ my father grows fruit and vegetables.2.This is the athlete from ______ we have learnt a lot.
3.This is the humorous guy about _______I often talk with you.
4.I will show you the book in _______ I found the answer.
介词+whom指人，介词+which指事/物
which
whom
whom
which
Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
一些古代的符号仍然可以在今天的汉字中看到。
第三段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), this symbols had become a well developed writing system .Over the years, the system developed into different forms , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin dynasty(221-207 BCE)
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), this symbols had become a well developed writing system .
到了商朝（约公元前1600-1046年），这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写系统
Over the years, the system developed into different forms , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
多年来，这个系统发展成不同的形式，因为那是一个人们在地理上被分隔的时代，导致了许多不同的方言和文字
语言知识积累：
1.form n.形式；表格 v.形成
常考搭配：form the good habit of doing sth 养成做某事的好习惯
We should form the good habit of going to bed early and getting up early.
2.divide v.分开
常考搭配：be divided into 被分为
eg:We are divided into 4 groups.
3.variety n．变体；多样化 various adj.各种各样的 vary v．变化;不同·
①a variety of=varieties of=various各种各样的
(邀请信)我写信邀请你三月来我们城市，届时将展览各种各样的风筝。
I am writing to invite you to come to our city in March，when various/a variety of/varieties of kites will be on exhibition.
②for various reasons由于种种原因·
(道歉信)由于种种原因，周天我不能和你一起去书店，请接受我诚挚的歉意。
For various reasons，I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you.So please accept my sincere apology.
③vary with 随着…变化
(应用文之活动介绍)我们学校组织的课外活动随季节而变化。
The extra-curricular activities our school organizes vary with the season.
④ vary from...to...由…到…不等;在…到…之间变动
(应用文之活动介绍)本次主题班会聚焦中国传统文化，从剪纸到古筝等等。
The theme class meeting focuses on traditional Chinese cultures，which vary from paper-cutting to guzheng.
Over the years, the system developed into different forms , as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
语法学习
1.as 引导的什么从句？
2.when引导的什么从句？依据是什么？为什么用when？
3.leading to属于什么语法现象？为什么是leading？
as 引导的是原因状语从句 表示原因
when引导的是定语从句从句
依据：位于名词后，且从句修饰限定先行词
用when：定语从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when
leading属于非谓语 非谓语--表主动-用V-ing
单元语法精讲--关系副词引导的定语从句
1.当从句不缺主宾时，我们就用关系副词引导
2.关系副词包括 when (指时间) where(指地点) why 表原因
例①The experts went into the hall where the meeting was being held.
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指地点--用where
例②It was a time when I didn’t understand what death meant.
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when
例③Do you know the reason why she is under great stress？
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指原因--用why
单元语法精讲--关系副词引导的定语从句
1.当从句不缺主宾时，我们就用关系副词引导
2.关系副词包括 when (指时间) where(指地点) why 表原因
习题巩固：
①I’ll never forget the day ____ I was trapped in a burning house.
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when
②The stadium _____ the athletes work out is not far from here.
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指地点--用where
③I don’t know the reason ____ the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指原因--用why
This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin dynasty(221-207 BCE)
然而，这在秦朝（公元前221-207年）的统治下发生了改变
第四段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇皇一统七国，中文书写体系开始向一个方向发展。
语言知识积累：
1.unite /ju na t/ v.（使）联合,（使）团结；使统一
eg:All of us should unite in protecting environment.
我们应该团结起来保护环境。
united adj团结的
2.unified / ju n fa d /adj.一致的，统一的
unify v.（使）联合，（使）统一
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇皇一统七国，中文书写体系开始向一个方向发展。
语言知识积累：
1.major adj.主要的；重要的；大的
2.major vi.主修；专门研究 major in主修…
eg:我在大学主修书法,因此,我相信我能够成为一名合格的志愿者(申请信)
I majored in calligraphy at university，so I am confident that I can be a qualified volunteer.
3.major n.主修课程;主修学生 I am an English major.
4.majority n．大多数…·a/the majority of大多数
eg:The majority of the students think that we should not bring mobile phone to school.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
秦始皇皇一统七国，中文书写体系开始向一个方向发展。
语法知识：
....country where the Chinese writing system began to ....
1.where引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？
答：定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
2.为什么用where引导？
定语从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词---指地点--用where
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种书写制度对团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。
知识积累：
be of great importance=be greatly important ...很重要
“be of＋抽象n”相当于“be＋adj”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。
常见的抽象n: importance/value/use/help/benefit/significance等。
eg:你对解决这个有挑战性的问题所付出的努力非常有价值。
Your effort to solve the challenging problem is of great value.
Your effort to solve the challenging problem is greatly valuable
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，无论他们说什么方言，他们仍然可以用书面形式进行交流。
语法知识：
...no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,…
no matter where.…引导的是什么从句？
是让步状语从句，表示“不论哪里…”
后面的what从句是什么从句？
也是让步状语从句，是no matter what的省略，表示“不论什么…”
“no matter＋疑问词what/who/where/when，... ”引导让步状语从句，
=“疑问词＋ever whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，... ”
可放在主句前或主句后
eg:无论有多么困难，我都打算按时完成工作。
No matter how difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work on time.
＝However difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work on time.
eg:无论我遇到什么困难，我决不放弃。
No matter what difficulties I come across，by no means will I give up.
＝Whatever difficulties I come across，by no means will I give up.
“no matter＋疑问词what/who/where/when，... ”引导让步状语从句，
=“疑问词＋ever whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，... ”
可放在主句前或主句后
练习：
1.无论何时你有问题，请立即联系我。
No matter when you have problems，
Whenever you have problems,
2.无论我多忙，我都会去帮你。
No matter how busy I am，
However busy I am，
please contact me without hesitation.
please contact me without hesitation.
I will come to your aid.
I will come to your aid.
第五段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read classical works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
中国文字也成为联系中国现在与过去的重要方式。
语言知识积累1：
means n．方法；方式；途径 v.意味着
by all means可以；当然行；没问题
by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means决不；(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
eg:By no means will the athlete give up his dream of becoming a champion.
这位运动员决不放弃他成为冠军的梦想。
语言知识积累2：
be connected with...与...相联系/连接
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
中国文字也成为联系中国现在与过去的重要方式。
语法知识
...means by which China's present is connected with its past.
by which引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？
答：是定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
为什么是by which
①介词与先行词的关系为：by the means通过使用这种方式,因此用by
②介词+关系代词引导定语从句，指物means,用which
People in modern times can read classical works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
语言知识积累1：
people in modern times 现代人
介词短语作后置定语=定语从句
people in modern times=people who live in the modern times
练习：
He is a man of good temper=_________________________________
The girl in a red coat is my sister.=_______________________________
语言知识积累2：
read classical works 读经典作品
He is a man who has good temper.
The girl who is in a red coat is my sister
People in modern times can read classical works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
语法知识：
.....classical works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
which引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么？
答：是定语从句
依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用
为什么用which引导
语法解析：定语从句-缺主语--指事物--用which
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture
对汉字书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式--书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
语言知识积累：
regard n.尊重;问候,致意;关注
eg:Please give my best regards to your parents.请代我问候你的父母
vt.把…视为;看待 regard...as...把…看作… be regarded as 被视为....
Calligraphy is regarded as an important part of traditional Chinese art.
书法被看作是中国传统艺术的重要部分。
with/in regard to关于…（替换about）
With/In regard to Chinese writing system,we thought it of great importance.
关于中文书写系统，我们认为它非常重要。
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture
对汉字书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式--书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
语法知识：
.....calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture
which引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么？
是非限制性定语从句
依据：逗号后一般是非限制性定语从句
为什么用which
非限制性定语从句-缺主语--指事物--用which
第六段： 1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture .As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture .
今天，中文书写体系仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种惊人的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
语言知识积累：
1. plays a great role in...在...中扮演重要角色
2.global affairs全球事务
3.an increasing number of（替换more and more） 越来越多的...
词汇拓展：
appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;appreciate doing sth.喜欢/感激做某事
(感谢信)我真的感激得到你及时慷慨的指导。
I really appreciate getting your timely and generous guidance.
appreciation n.感激;欣赏
(感谢信)你努力帮我摆脱困境，我写信表达我的感激。
I am writing to express my appreciation for all the efforts you made to help me out.
appreciative adj.感激的
appreciate one’s doing sth.感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
如果您能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could reply as early as possible.

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