资源简介

(共25张PPT)
高考英语长难句分析及应用
删繁就简 追本溯源
To identify sentence types；
To grasp the strategies of analyzing long and difficult sentences;
1
2
To apply the strategies into practice by analyzing long and difficult sentences (会运用策略分析长难句).
3
Learning Aims
追本溯源
③
Steps to draw a tree
①
②
trunk
branches
leaves
A complex sentence
She smiled. ①主+谓
I love her. ②主+谓+宾
I give her my heart. ③主+谓+间宾+直宾
She makes me happy. ④主+谓+宾+宾补
She are gorgeous. ⑤主+系+表
五大基本句型
Basic Sentence Patterns
主语subject+ 谓语verb= trunk
Sample Heading
英语中的五种基本句型可以说是一切句子的根源，实际上我们平常看到的句子更加复杂，因为就像树木的枝枝叶叶，句子中充满了修饰。
英语句子=主干+修饰
句子种类
Four Types of Sentences
简单句Simple Sentences: 仅一个主谓结构
并列句Compound Sentences: 并列连词连接句子和句子（and, but, so，while，or……)
复合句Complex Sentences: 从属连词连接从句和主句（状从，定从，名从）（when, if, because,which,who,that, where,what, why,how……)
并列复合句Compound-Complex Sentences: 有并列连词和从属连词
branches
复杂句的炼成
基本句型
添加
.定语
.状语
.同位语
.插入语
…
组合
.并列句
.复合句
.并列复合句
…
What makes a sentence complex
介词短语、从句、非谓语动词（三长）
形容词、副词 （两短）
同位语、插入语（两语）
并列结构 （一并列）
修饰语leaves
介词短语
从句
非谓语动词
形容词
副词
同位语
插入语
并列结构
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help their patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (21 新高考全国Ι卷)
Sample Heading
长难句到底难在哪里？
（1）中心词加了较多修饰语，后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。
（2）简单句加了较多修饰语，尤其是非谓语动词，含义丰富，形式灵活。
（3）含有三大从句的复合句。(名，定，状从)
（4）并列成分、对等结构的存在。
（5）同位语、插入语的运用。
（6）特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和省略。
How can we understand a long and complex sentence
1. 划出句子主干 trunk ( S+V) 谓语动词有什么特点
2. 括起修饰成分 （leaves） 拨开枝叶减少干扰
3. 圈出句中连词 branches 根据连词确定从句类型
4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语
理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。简单谓语是由一个行为动词构成的，比较容易识别。
识别谓语
复合谓语包括
情态动词+ 动词原形、连系动词+ 表语、动词短语及被动语态be done、进行时态be doing、完成时态 has/ have done、将来时态will do / be going to do 等。
谓语动词有什么特点？_________________________________
想一想，哪些形式一看就是谓语动词？
_________________________________________________________
1.括从句时：以引导词开头，从句含主谓系统，结束标志有①______ ②______ ③主句的谓语动词。
从句可以省略连接词的情况：______从句以及_____从句。
2.括非谓语动词短语时：以v-ing或v-ed开头，结束标志有①________ ②_______ ③谓语动词。
人称、数、时态和语态的变化
过去式，三单，动原形, is/are/was/were done, has/have done, has/have been done, will/can do, will be done……等
逗号
逗号
句号
句号
宾语
定语
Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
(找出该句中的谓语 及非谓语动词 )
判断谓语和非谓语
Technological innovations(技术革新), __________(combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
1. 空格处是谓语还是非谓语 ？
2. 此处应填 ____________ .
combined
判断谓语和非谓语
1.Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. （22甲B）
2.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit school to Ginni.（22甲C）
3. Accompanied throughout by "New Scientist" astronomer and science journalist Abigail Beall, tourists will observe stars through telescopes at the observatories in person and meet local experts.
同位语
同位语从句
非谓语动词做状语
说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种
介词短语
并列结构
状语从句
插入语
插入语：解释说明作用，常用逗号或破折号，如“according to……”等，阅读时可以__________。
快速扫读
4.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (22乙B)
5.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. (21甲D)
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.（22年甲卷B篇）
What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see.
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
Exercise
阅读理解
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The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2)—a gas that is great at trapping heat, contributing to climate change—is almost double what it was prior to the Industrial Revolution. This presents a challenge to researchers attempting to design artificial trees or other methods of capturing (捕获) carbon dioxide directly from the air. That challenge is one a Sandia National Laboratories-led team is trying to solve.32．What problem is presented in paragraph 1 A．The constant change of atmosphere. B．The design of artificial trees. C．The rising amount of carbon dioxide. D．The storage of carbon dioxide.() First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖） .(22年乙卷D篇）
Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools.
B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health.
D. To encourage research in education.
Exercise
阅读理解
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Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. （22年甲卷D篇）
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions.
B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population.
D. It is becoming more international.
Exercise
阅读理解
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How to build a complex sentence
Form: 添加三长两短两语一并
He came school.
He came school late that night.
He came school late that night because he got lost.
He came school late that night because he got lost in the city.
He came school late that night because he got lost in the city after watching the football game.
He came school late that night because he got lost in the city after watching the football game, which made his teacher extremely worried.
What makes an advanced writing
Simple or Complex Sentences
Application—Writing
Summary
Steps to analyse a complex sentence:
1.划出__________________________
2.括出__________________________
3.圈出__________________________
4.理顺__________________________
Steps to build a great sentence:
1.Write a simple sentence. (主干）
2.
修饰成分“三长两短两语一并列”
句子主干（主谓宾/主系表）
句中连词
逻辑读懂句意
Content: Think about “who, what, where, when, why and how”
Form: 添加 “三长两短两语一并列”
Reading
Writing
Add modifiers.
3. Remember to add the details logically and reasonably.

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