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(共43张PPT)
Restrictive relative clauses(I)
限制性定语从句
Unit 4Discovering Useful Structures
To master the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses限制性关系从句 /定语从句.
To learn to use the restrictive relative clauses mentioned flexibly.
Learning Objectives
1
2
1. my red tractor
2. two beautiful pictures
3. a few mixtures
4. I have something important to tell you.
5. I need a room to live in.
6. the white and black dog sleeping under the tree
7. The old lady killed in the accident yesterday has been buried.
找出下面短语或句子的定语
定语
形容词
名词
介词短语
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smile a lot.
定语：对名词或代词的修饰、限定，相当于形容词，常译为“的”
什么可以做定语
什么是定语？
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below.
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupt.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.
课本P52 Ex1
找到修饰名词的一个句子
Restrictive relative clauses
限制性定语从句
/r ~ str k~t v/
/ kl ~z z/

1.在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。
2.定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句
3.关系词分为两类：
关系代词(that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose)；
关系副词(when、 where、 why)。
什么是定语从句？
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
Example:
I know the boy. The boy is sitting on the desk.
I know the boy
who is sitting on the desk.
The boy
who/whom I know is sitting on the desk.
将下列句子改成一句话
先行词
关系代词
将下列句子改成一句话
Do you know the man
He spoke just now.
１.
Do you know the man
who spoke just now
I have read the newspaper.
It carries the important news.
２.
I showed him the letter.
I received it this morning.
３.
I have read the newspaper (which) carries the important news.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
Tips:
1.分清主句与从句
2.找准先行词（被修饰的对象）
3.正确使用关系词
关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中作
主语、宾语、表语，
常用的关系代词有：
that, which, who, whom, whose
They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(TB P38)
The player who became known as “Air Jodan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.(TB P38)
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupt.(TB P52)
1. who指人，在上述定语从句中都充当主语； 一般只用who
关系代词who/whom的基本用法
The young man (who/whom/that) you spoke to is my brother.
The young man to whom you spoke is my brother.
The woman from whom we got help is our English teacher.
The woman(who/whom/that) we got help from is our English teacher.
(1)先行词是人，并在定语从句中充当宾语，关系代词优先使用whom；在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替；其次还可省略
（2）若关系代词紧跟介词，指人则只能用whom
关系代词who/whom/that的基本用法
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
The woman from whom we got help is our English teacher.
The woman(who/whom/that) we got help from is our English teacher.
3. whose 表示“所属”，意为“……的”，在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，可与
of which (whom) the ... 互换。
关系代词whose的基本用法
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
of whom the
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
of whom the
This is the book whose cover is blue.
of which the
关系代词whose的基本用法
3. whose 表示“所属”，在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，可与 of which (whom) the ... 互换。
　用适当的关系代词填空
①As a Chinese 　who　 is interested in travelling, I would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing.
②Those 　who　 want to see the film set down写下 your names,
please.
③The children 　who/that　 were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
④The doctor 　whom　 my father worked with last year has gone
abroad.
who　
who　
who/that　
whom　
3. which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish （which） we bought were not fresh.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
→ This is the house ________ we lived last year.
主语；指物
宾语；指物
介词宾语；指物
in which
which指物，作宾语时可省略；作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，也可以放在从句中动词之后
where
关系代词which的基本用法
4. that 作主语，宾语或表语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
作主语；指物
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
作宾语；指物
Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.
作主语；指人
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
作宾语；指人
关系代词that的基本用法
①关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的两部电影非常吓人
The film that /which we saw it last night was very frightening.
The film (that /which) we saw last night was very frightening.
误区警示
被指代的东西不能重复出现
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以
省略。
Is that the girl__________________ you spoke of the other day.
那就是你前几天所提的女孩吗
(whom /who/that ）
定语从句的关系代词
　用适当的关系代词填空
①Look, here are some people (　 　who/whom/that　 　)
I want you to meet.
②I still remember the chicken farm (　 　that/which　 　) we visited three months ago.
③The picture 　which/that　 was about the accident was terrible.
who/whom/that　
which/that　
which/that　
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose















The usage of the relative pronouns
宜用that就不宜用 which引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing _____you should do is call the police right away.
This is the most delicious food ___________ I have ever had.
2.当先行词是all，any，little，few， much， ever
anything, nothing，none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
All ________can be done has been done.
Tell me everything ________ you know
Please send us any information _______you have about the subject.
that
that
that
that
that
3.当先行词被由 the only， the very， the last， the same等修饰时。
The only thing _______________ she could do was to go to the Police for help.
This is the very book _________I want to buy.
4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things __________upset us.
宜用that就不宜用 which引导定语从句的情况
that
that
that
5.当主句是以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books _________ you bought is the most useful for my writing
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用
Who is the man _________ is waiting at the school gate
一直在校门口等人的男士是谁？
What did you see _________ made you so angry
你看到了什么让你那么生气 ？
宜用that就不宜用 which引导定语从句的情况
that
that
that
1.Is there anything that I can do for you
2.The first thing that we should do is to help him.
3.This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
4.That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
5.They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
6.Who is the man that is standing over there
c.当先行词是不定代词时
d.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，或被其修饰时
e.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last所修饰时
b.先行词既有人又有物
a.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句
不定代，序数词，最高级，表唯一，人和物，避重复
宜用that就不宜用 which引导定语从句的情况
宜用 which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, ___________is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。
2.当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in _________ Mo Yan once lived
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
which
which
　完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park 　(that) I have visited　 .
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She took photographs of the things and people 　(that) she was impressed with　 .
她把给她深刻印象的人和物都拍摄下来了。
③Chatting was the only thing 　that interested her most　 .
聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
(that) I have visited　
(that) she was impressed with　
that interested her most　
1. 当先行词是one, the one,ones, anyone, those, these, somebody, everybody...等代词时。
【典型例句】
Those who respect others are usually respected
by others.
尊重别人的人通常会得到别人的尊重
2. 在 there be句型中。
【典型例句】
There are many people who are against the plan.
许多人反对这个计划。
指人时多用who少用that 的情况。
定语从句中的主谓一致
1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据_________的形式确定.
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that______ built close to each other.
旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近
I'm fond of that piece of music which _______popular with the teenage.
我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。
先行词
are
is
定语从句中的主谓一致
One of+名词复数+定语从句(复数谓语)
the only one of+复数名词+定语从句(单数谓语)
2
He is one of the students who________ a good command of French.他是精通法语的学生之ー。( the students为先行词)
He is the only one of the students who___________ a good command of French.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。( the only one为 先行词)
have
has
has
1.as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
它常用在 the same…as，such...as.等结构中as不能省略。
Such reasons _____we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.
I'll buy the same dictionary__________ you have.
关系代词as引导的定语从句
as
as
1.当先行词被 the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从向
但指同一物，而不是同一类。
This is the same bike___________ l lost two months ago
这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。
This is the same bike __________l lost two months ago
这辆自行跟两个月前我去的那辆一样。
误区警示
that
as
(同一辆自行轩)
(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)
2 as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can’t persuade her to change her mind.
My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days,____ is often the case with old people
as
as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know
as is well known
as you see
as we expect
as often happens
as I can remember
as has been said before
ass/ was expected
as can be seen
as is often the case
众所周知
众所周知
如你所见
正如我们预料的那样
正如经常发生的那样
正如我所记得的
如前所述
正如预料的那样
正如所见
情况常常是这样
Let’s do
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or /.
1. Here are some of the people _________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the
people _________ were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the
open air using anything _________ they could find.
whose
who
that/省略
（书本P52 Ex2）
4. Several days later, most of the buildings __________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _________ she was rescued.
7. Is this young boy _________ saved several other students trapped under buildings
that/which
whose
whom
who
( )1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
( )2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
( )3. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
A
C
B
巩固练习：1. 选择题
( )4. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked
up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
( )5. This is the best book _____ I have been
looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
( )6. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door
B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door
D. that lives next door
C
D
D
( )7. Those _____ made no mistakes in today's
exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
( )8. Don't go in, this is the shop _____ we have just
been _____.
A. /, to B. that, /
C. where, to D. which, there
( ) 9. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we'll never
forget.
A. when B. that
C. where D. in which
D
A
B
1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.
2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.
4. I can't find the book ____________is borrowed from the library.
5. I can't find the book ________________you lent to me.
who/that
(who/whom/that)
whose
which/that
(that/which)
巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空
巩固练习：3 用适当的关系词补全下面短文。
Last summer, I made friends with some people 1. _________ are completely different from me. In July, I went to Mexico City to study Spanish for a month. In our group, there was a teacher 2. __________ was much older than I. We became really good friends.
In my first week, I had a problem 3. ____________ was getting me down.
who / that
who / that
which / that
Mexico City is a city 4. __________ has a lot of attractions. As a result, I went out all the time and I stopped going to my classes. Bob helped me get back into my studies. He was a boy 5. _______________ I met on a trip and 6. ______ home I visited frequently. He always told me stories 7. ___________ were interesting and encouraging. Although we had different personalities (性格), we became the best of friends.
which / that
whom / who / that
whose
which / that

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