资源简介

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
衬衫是由什么制成的
重点速记
词汇梳理
1 glass(n.玻璃;玻璃杯)-glasses(n.眼镜)
2 produce(v.生产;制造;出产)-product(n.产品;制品)-production(n.生产;制造;产量)
3 wide(adj.宽的;广泛的)-widely(adv.广泛地;普遍地)-width(n.宽度;广度)
4 France(n.法国)-French[n.法语 adj.法语的;法国(人)的］-Frenchman[n.法国(男)人］-Frenchmen[(pl.)法国(男)人］
5 nation(n.国家;民族)-national(adj.国家的)-international(adj.国际的)
6 compete(v.竞争)-competitor(n.参赛者;竞争者)-competition(n.比赛,竞争)
7 Germany(n.德国)-German[n.德语;德国人adj.德国(人)的］-Germans[(pl.)德国人］
8 environment(n.环境)-environmental(adj.自然环境的;有关环境的)
9 celebrate(v.庆祝)-celebration(n.庆典;庆祝活动)
10 history(n.历史)-historical[adj.(有关)历史的］
词块归纳
1 be made of由······制成(看得出原材料) be made from由······制成(看不出原材料)
be made in在······制造 be made by由······制造
be made into 被制成······
2 be famous/known for 因······而出名 be famous/known as作为······而出名
be famous/known to 为······所熟知
3 in the past 过去
4 as far as I know 据我所知 as far as I can see 依我看
as far as I can remember 据我所记得的 as far as I can tell 据我判断
5 on the sides of mountains 在山坡上
6 by hand手工,用手
7 all over the world 全世界;世界各地 in all parts of the world 在世界各地
8 be good for 对······有益
9 both...and...既······又···········和·····(两者)都
10 in the future 将来
11 traffic accidents 交通事故
12 a kite festival 风筝节
13 many different kinds of 许多不同种类的
14 fly a kite放风筝
15 from...to...从······到·····
16 turn...into...把······变成······
17 according to 根据
18 send out 派遣;分发;发出(光、信号、声音等)
19 ask for help 求助
20 in trouble 处于困境中
21 cover...with...用······遮盖······ be covered with 被······覆盖
22 rise into 升入
23 cut...with scissors 用剪刀剪·····
24 have been around 存在
25 a symbol of······的象征
26 paper cutting 剪纸
27 sky lanterns 孔明灯
28 good wishes 美好祝愿
29 fairy tale 童话故事
30 at a very high heat 在高温下
31 at midnight 在午夜
32 be used for 被用来······ be used as 被用作······ be used by被······使用
33 on the last Friday of each month 在每月最后一个星期五
34 be seen/regarded/considered as 被看作
用法总结
1 buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物
2 find+ it+ adj.+ that从句发现······是······的
3 avoid doing sth.防止做某事;避免做某事
4 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
5 learn to do sth.学习做某事
6 It seems that+从句好像······
7 It takes (sb./sth.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人／某物)······时间.
语法精讲
一般现在时的被动语态
语法示例
1.-Are your shirts made of cotton 你的衬衫是棉制的吗
-Yes, they are. And they were made in the US.是的,它们是(棉制的),并且它们是美国制造的.(教材P36Grammar Focus)
2.-Where is tea produced in China 中国哪里产茶
-It's produced in many different areas.(中国)许多不同的地区都产茶.(教材P36 Grammar Focus)
3.Tea is grown(by people) in Hangzhou.茶(被人们)在杭州种植.(教材P36 Grammar Focus)
语法概述
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice).当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语要用主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态.
They use computers.(主动语态,主语They是动作use的执行者)
Computers are used by them.(被动语态,主语Computers 是动作use的承受者)
考向1 被动语态的构成
被动语态由＂助动词be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成.其人称、数和时态的变化都是通过助动词be的不同形式表现出来的.一般现在时的被动语态的谓语形式为＂am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词＂.
This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克衫是棉料的.
Many trees are planted by us every year.我们每年种许多树.
考向2一般现在时的被动语态的句式结构
肯定句 主语＋am/is/are+过去分去分词( +by...)
否定句 主语＋am/is/are+ not+过去分(＋by...).
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语＋过去分(＋by...)
特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句＋am/is/are+主语＋过去分词(＋by...)
English is spoken by many people.许多人说英语.
They aren't allowed to go into the house.不许他们进入这所房子.
Is the car made by a Japanese company 这辆汽车是由一家日本公司制造的吗
What is this kind of sweater made of 这种毛衣是由什么制成的
典例1 按要求完成句子.
1.The flowers are watered by Jim.(改为否定句)
The flowers________ _________ by Jim.
2.The books are read every morning.(改为一般疑问句)
________ the books________ every morning
3.This kind of cellphone is made in China.(对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ this kind of cellphone
答案:1.aren't watered 2.Are; read 3.Where is; made
考向3使用被动语态的情况
①当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时,用被动语态.
The flowers are watered every morning.每天早上给这些花浇水.
②需要突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态.动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后,也可省略.
The new teacher is liked by all the students.新老师被所有学生喜爱.
③表示＂据说／据报道／人们相信＂等,常用＂It is+过去分词＋that从句＂句型.
It is reported that a rainstorm is coming its way.据报道,一场暴风雨就要来了.
It is believed that both of the chairs were repaired by him.大家相信这两把椅子都是他修好的.
④文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态.
Teachers Wanted 招聘老师(省略了are)
考向4不能使用被动语态的情况
① look、sound、smell、taste等系动词,用主动形式表示被动含义.
This cup of orange juice tastes strange. Do you think it's OK to drink 这杯橙汁尝起来很奇怪.你认为它可以喝吗
②动词need、want以及短语 be worth等后接动词-ing时,用主动形式表示被动含义.
My flowers need watering.我的花需要浇水.
③某些表示主语内在＂品质”或＂性能”的不及物动词,如write、wash、sell、read、clean、drive等,它们的主语为物时,用主动形式表示被动含义.
This kind of skirt sells well here.这种裙子在这里很好卖.
④不及物动词或词组没有被动结构,如:take place(发生)、happen(发生)、come about(发生)、break out(爆发)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、last(持续)等.
典例2 (宿迁中考)This kind of pen_______ and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.
A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good
解析:句意;这种笔很好用,也很便宜.我认为你可以买一些.此处表示主语的＂性能＂,应用主动形式表示被动意义,副词well修饰谓语动词 writes.故选A.
考向5主动语态和被动语态的转化
主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤如下:
(1)确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语.
(2)把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语,若主动句里的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格.
(3)把谓语变成被动结构＂be+动词的过去分词＂,但时态不能改变.
(4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格.
巧学妙记
主动语态变为被动语态
宾语提前变主语,时态人称be体现.
过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见.
特别提醒
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:
(1)当宾语是反身代词时.
He introduced himself.他作了自我介绍.
(2)当谓语动词表示状态或情况但不表示动作时,如become、last(持续)、want、join、fit等.
I think it'll fit me quite well before long.我想不久之后它会很适合我的.
典例3按要求完成句子.
(2022·天水中考)The bees collect honey from the flowers.(改为被动语态)
Honey________ ________ from the flowers by the bees.
解析:根据题干中的collect可知用一般现在时;honey(蜂蜜)是不可数名词,be动词用单数形式.故填is collected.
话题分析
写作指导
如何写”产品介绍”类的文章
话题分析
本单元的话题是＂Things made in China(中国制造的产品)＂,在写相关的作文时,首先要学会运用一般现在时的被动语态;这类文章的主要内容为描述产品的材质、产地或用途等,体裁一般为说明文.
写作实践
(陕西中考)每个人都有自己喜欢的衣服,请根据提示语,以＂My favorite________ ＂为题,写一篇短文,介绍一件你最喜爱的衣服.
提示语:
要求:
1.请将短文题目补充完整;
2.参考提示语,可适当发挥;
3.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;
4.文章不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
5.词数不少于70.
My favorite________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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思路导引
开篇点题,引出要介绍的衣服→Among all my clothes, I like...best.
详细介绍服装
颜色:It is...
材质:It is made of...
喜欢它的原因:I like it because...It is a special gift from...
穿它的场合:I often wear...when...It makes me remember...
呼应开头,表达感受→This is my favorite... It brings me...
词句积累
词汇 among在······中 special特别的;特殊的 be made of 由······制成 give sth.to sb.给某人某物 the symbol of······的象征 around the world 全世界 think of想起
句子 1.It is made of/from...它是由······制成的. 2.It's made in...它是在······制造的. 3.It's made by...它是由······制造的. 4.I like it because...我喜欢它,因为······ 5.It makes me remember...它让我想起······ 6.This is my favorite...这是我最喜欢的······
佳作展示
My favorite T-shirt
Among all my clothes, I like one of the T-shirts best. It is white. ①It is made of cotton and fiber, so it's very comfortable. ②I like it because there is a photo of my best friend and me on it. It's a special gift from him. He sent it to me last year for my 14th birthday. ③I often wear the T-shirt when I have parties with friends. ④It makes me remember the time we two spend together.
This is my favorite T-shirt.⑤ It brings me a lot of happy memories.
名师分析
这篇习作介绍了作者最喜欢的T恤衫,包括它的颜色、材质、喜欢它的原因和穿它的场合,要点齐全、言通顺、层次分明.
①使用本单元学到的短语 be made of,介绍衣服的材质;
②运用because引导的原因状语从句,表明喜欢这件衣服的原因,从句中还使用了there be句型;
③使用when引导的时间状语从句,点明了穿这件衣服的场合;
④⑤使用 make sb.do sth.、bring sb. sth.结构,给文章增色不少.
阅读提升
方法概述
主旨大意题是中考阅读理解的主要题型之一,主要考查考生对段落大意或文章大意的归纳能力.而段落大意或文章大意通常会通过主题句来体现.一般来说,主题句往往会出现在篇首尾或段首尾,因此篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾的内容是阅读的重中之重.
中考链接
(2022·安徽中考节选)The Search-for- Lost-Birds list has come to public attention recently. It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years. The list is calling on people to search for the rarest(最珍稀的)birds on Earth.
There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list. Maybe there have been no studies in areas where they live. Maybe people don't know where or how to find them. Maybe there are changes to their natural homes because of human activities.
64.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Changes of the living areas of the birds.
B. Suggestions on how to protect the birds.
C. Reasons for the disappearances of the birds.
D. Steps of building natural homes for the birds.
64.C方法指导本题可采用＂寻找主题句法＂来解答.根据第二段首句＂There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list"(名单上的鸟长期消失可能有几个原因.)可知,此段介绍了这些鸟消失的原因,故选C.

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