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　2024年初中英语二轮专题复习之状语从句

1. 状语从句概说
状语从句是指在句子中充当状语的从句，用来修饰主句中谓语动词的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果或让步等信息。在英语语法中，状语从句是非常重要的一部分，它可以帮助我们更清楚地表达句子中的意思，使文章更加流畅和清晰。
状语从句通常由引导词引导，例如when, while, since, as, if, unless, because等。
状语从句有哪几种
　　⑴时间状语从句：时间状语从句通常用来修饰主句中的时间信息，表示时间的顺序、时间的范围、时间的具体描述等。在英语中，时间状语从句通常由连词when、while、since、before、after、as、当...时等引导。
例如：
When I was young, I used to love playing with dolls.（当我还年轻的时候，我喜欢玩娃娃。）
Since then, my life has changed dramatically.（从那时起，我的生活发生了巨大变化。）
As the sun set, the sky turned into a deep orange color.（太阳落山时，天空变成了深橙色。）
Before I left, I made sure to lock the door.（在我离开之前，我确认锁上了门。）
After I finished my work, I went for a walk.（我完成工作后，去散步了。）
　　⑵条件状语从句：条件状语从句通常由引导词if或unless等词引导，表示假设的情况可能发生。在英语中，“条件”是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作)，其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生，通常译作“假如”、“如果”。
例如:
If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t go for a walk.（如果明天下雨，我就不去散步了。）
Unless you finish your work, you won’t be able to go out to dinner tonight.（除非你完成你的工作，否则你今晚无法出去吃饭。）
　　⑶原因状语从句：原因状语从句指在句中用来说明主句原因的从句。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为)， as(由于)， since(既然)， now(that)(既然)， when(既然)， seeing (that) (由于，鉴于)， considering (that)(考虑到)， for(为)， given (that) (考虑到)等。
例如:
I can't get to sleep because of the noise outside.（由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。）
Since(As) we've no money, we can't buy it.（由于我们没钱，我们不能购买它。）
Seeing that it's raining, we'd better stay indoors.（既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。）
Now that you are here, you'd better stay.（你既然来了，最好还是留下吧。）
　　⑷目的状语从句：目的状语从句通常用来修饰主句中谓语动词发生的原因或目的。引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等。
例如:
She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.(她努力学习是为了能够通过考试。)
I took a walk in the park in order that I could relax.(我出去散步是为了放松身心。)
He studied hard lest he fail the exam.(他努力学习以免考试失败。)
I ate a big meal in case I felt hungry later.(我吃了大餐以免之后感到饥饿。)
She stayed at home for fear that she might catch a cold.(她留在家里以免感冒。)
　　⑸结果状语从句：结果状语从句通常用来描述主句中谓语动词的结果或影响。引导结果状语从句的连词有because, as, since, now that, considering (that), in view of, given (that), as a result, consequently, therefore等。
例如:
Because it was raining, we had an umbrella with us.(因为下雨了，我们带着伞。)
As I finished my work, I went for a walk.(我完成工作后，去散步了。)
Since he was tired, he went to bed early.(因为他很累，所以他早早上床休息了。)
Now that you're here, we can start the project.(既然你来了，我们就可以开始项目了。)
Considering (that) we were short on time, we decided to skip the meeting.(考虑到我们时间紧迫，我们决定取消会议。)
　　⑹让步状语从句：让步状语从句通常用来描述主句中谓语动词所表达的情况或行为存在转折。引导让步状语从句的连词有though, even though, though not, despite, in spite of等。
例如：
Though it was raining, we still went for a walk.(尽管下雨了，我们仍然去散步了。)
Even though he was tired, he continued working.(即使他很累，他仍然继续工作。)
Though she was sick, she still came to work.(尽管她生病了，但她仍然去上班。)
Despite the rain, we had fun playing outside.(尽管下雨了，但我们在外面玩得很开心。)
In spite of the cold weather, we still had a great time.(尽管天气很冷，但我们仍然度过了愉快的一天。)
2. 状语从句的时态
状语从句的时态取决于主句中谓语动词的时态。一般来说，如果主句中谓语动词是过去式，那么状语从句也使用过去式; 如果主句中谓语动词是现在式或将来时，那么状语从句也使用现在式或将来时。例如:
When I was a child, I loved playing with dolls.(当我还是孩子的时候，我喜欢玩娃娃。)
Since you left work, you haven't been able to come home.(自从你离开工作后，你就回不去家了。)
As the sun set, the sky turned into a deep orange color.(太阳落山时，天空变成了深橙色。)
If it rains tomorrow, I shan't go for a walk.(如果明天下雨，我就不去散步了。)
Unless you finish your work, you won’t be able to go out to dinner tonight.(除非你完成你的工作，否则你今晚无法出去吃饭。)
3. because习惯上不与so连用
是的，because习惯上不与so连用。因为是因为从属连词，其结构是“主句+because从句”或“because从句+主句”，用来引导原因状语从句; 而so是并列连词，其结构是“第一个分句+so连接的第二个分句”，用来连接并列的两个句子。因为和so的使用场景和功能不同，所以它们通常不会同时使用。
4. (al)though习惯上不与but连用
(al)though习惯上不与but连用。altho是连词altho的缩写形式，表示“尽管、虽然”的意思，在句中通常用来引导让步状语从句; but是并列连词，其结构是“第一个分句+but连接的第二个分句”，用来连接并列的两个句子。
5. 状语从句与省略
状语从句通常由引导词引导，例如when, while, since, as, if, unless, because等。在实际应用中，我们可以根据情况选择使用不同的引导词来构成状语从句，以便更好地表达我们的意思。
有时候，在状语从句中某些成分被省略的情况下，整个状语从句也可以被省略掉。例如:
As it was raining, we stayed inside.(由于下雨了，我们待在室内。)
Since he was tired, he went to bed early.(因为他很累，所以他早早上床休息了。)
Seeing that it was late, we decided to call it a night.(鉴于已经很晚了，我们决定打道回府。)
Now that you're here, we can start the project.(既然你来了，我们就可以开始项目了。)
Considering (that) we were short on time, we decided to skip the meeting.(考虑到我们时间紧迫，我们决定取消会议。)
【注】有些由if构成的省略结构已成为英语中常用的固定短语。这些固定短语通常在条件状语从句中使用，并且已经被广泛使用和接受。以下是一些常见的由if构成的省略结构:
If it were not for the rain, we would have gone for a walk.(如果不是因为下雨，我们就会去散步了。)
If I had more money, I would buy a new car.(如果我有更多的钱，我就会买一辆新车。)
If I had time, I would go to the library.(如果我有时间，我就会去图书馆。)
If I were you, I would take an umbrella with me.(如果我是你，我就会带着伞去。)
If only I had more time, I would finish my project.(如果我有更多时间，我就能完成我的项目了。)

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