资源简介 2024年中考英语语法主谓一致考点归纳复习讲义以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。(一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题(二)以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题(三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题(四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题(五)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题集合名词的主谓一致原则:集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.1)单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午 一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上。There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的人但应注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.【例如】The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时,用单数动词或复数动词均可,有时意义区别不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体,就认为是单数,用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话,就认为其为复数,用复数动词。试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后来这里吃茶点。The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。语法形式上的一致 ⑴主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:The twin is in. 一个双胞胎在家里。The twins are out. 双胞胎都不在家。 ⑵复数名词clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes等做主语中心词时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:My trousers are worn out. 我的裤子才穿破了。 ⑶短语“a/the pair (piece, basket …) of”作主语时,谓语动词与“pair, piece, basket…”的数保持一致。如:This piece of paper is too small. 这张纸太小了。Here are two pieces of news.这儿是两则新闻。 ⑷不可数名词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多对你的身体有害处。 ⑸(both…)and连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。如:Mary and Kate are at school today.玛丽和凯特今天在上学。 ⑹and连接的并列单数主语名词前有each, every, no等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl has a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都有一本新书。 ⑺and连接的两个单数名词如果指同一人物(and之后的名词前没有冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:The teacher and writer is my father.那个老师兼作家是我爸爸。 ⑻主语中心词之后有with, together with, like, but, except等修饰语时,谓语动词的数与前面的中心词保持一致。如:The teacher with his students has gone to the park. 老师带着他的学生去公园了。 ⑼-body, -one, -thing, each, every, either, any(任何一个), neither, much, little, a little, a great deal of, more than a/an/one等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each of us has two hands. 我们每个人都有两只手。Many a student has seen the film.许多学生都看过这部电影。 ⑽each作同位语时,谓语动词应与主语保持一致。如:We each have been to the Great Wall before. 我们每个人以前都去过长城。 ⑾many, few, a few, several, a number of等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of虽然接复数可数名词,但它的意思是“……的数目”,所以作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:There are a number of students on the playground. 操场上有许多学生。The number of teachers in our school is 73.我们学校老师的数量是73。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览