主谓一致 2024年中考英语学霸必刷子母(含答案)

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主谓一致 2024年中考英语学霸必刷子母(含答案)

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主谓一致(number的用法、成双对、集合名词、迷魂and)-2024年中考英语学霸必刷子母
主谓一致
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1 语法一致
考向2 意义一致
考向3 就近/远原则
主谓一致各考向高频考点实用解题口诀
高频考点1:Number的用法:
用法口诀:鹅孵着蛋(a复the单)。
注释:a number of 很多 the number of ... ......的数量
a number of+名词复数做主语谓语动词用单数, the number of+名词复数做主语谓语动词用单数
口诀使用典例:
_________the foreign friends here is over 400. And_______them come from the USA.
A.The number of; the number of B. A number of; a number of
C. The number of; a number of D. A number of; the number of
题目中需要对the number of(……的数量)与a number of(一些)进行区分时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:
根据题干中的is和come from并结合大招"鹅孵着蛋(a复the单)"可知,前单后复,前the后a.所以选C。
解题坑点
学生在判断出“a复the单”后,还需要根据题干信息识别出所用的时态。
1
(2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题)In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在我们学校的图书馆里,有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。
考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知,表复数概念,故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”,修饰主语,be动词用is,故选B。
高频考点2:成双对
用法口诀:主谓一致成双名词谓用复,若连pair选单数。
注释:
“成双”名词(trousers,pants, shorts, shoes,glasses等)作主语:
①单独使用时,谓语用复数
The shoes are too big.
②与a/one /this pair of等连用时,谓语用单数This pair of shoes is mine.
口诀使用典例:
Look! The white shoes _ __30 dollars. That pair of yellow shoes _____20dollars.
A.are; is B.are; are C.is;is D.is; are
主语是成双成对的名词,如trousers, shoes,glasses等,需要确定谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:
第一空:成双名词shoes没有与pair连用,谓语动词用复数are;第二空:shoes与pair连用,谓语动词用单数is。
解题坑点
当成双名词与pair连用时,谓语动词与pair的单复数保持一致。因此,若pair为复数形式pairs时,谓语动词用复数。
2
(2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)This pair of socks _________ soft. I’ll take _________.
A.feel; it B.feels; it C.feels; them
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这双袜子摸起来很软。我要买它们。
考查主谓一致及人称代词。this pair of修饰主语时,动词用三单形式,排除A选项。第二句指要买这双袜子,表复数概念,用人称代词them作宾语,故选C。
高频考点3:集合名词:
用法口诀:强调整体谓用单;突出成员谓用复。
注释:该类词,强调整体时用单数,强调成员时用复数
口诀使用典例
Tina's family _ __much larger than mine. Her family _ __dancing and singing when I came in last night.
A.are; was B.is; were C. is; was D. are; were
题目中主语为集合名词(family,group,team,class等),需要确定谓语动词的单复形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:
题目第一空强调家庭、谓语动词用单数is;第二空强调家人,且根据last night可知时态为一般过去时、谓语动词用复数were。故选B。
解题坑点
在解题过程中,注意根据上下文准确判断出集合名词在句中是强调整体概念还是强调每个成员。一般来说,具体的动作和行为都是强调成员。
3
(2020·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)My family __________ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A.is preparing B.are preparing C.prepares
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们一家人正在准备晚餐。我们很忙。
考查现在进行时和be动词。根据句中now提示,句子应用现在进行时,C选项可排除。根据下文We’re busy提示,此处My family指的是家庭成员,指家庭成员时谓语动词be要用复数形式are,故选B。
高频考点4:迷魂“and”
用法口诀:1 the1人谓用单;2the2人谓用复。
注释:(the)名词+and+(the)名词
1.The teacher and writer was(be) doing exercise this time yesterday.两个名词一个the是一个人,该结构做主语谓语用单数。
2.The teacher and the writer were (be)doing exercise this time yesterday.两个名词两个the是两个人,该结构做主语谓语用复数。
口诀使用典例:
The doctor and writer _from America.
A.is B.are C. am D. were
题干主语为A and B形式,需要确定谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:
大招快解题干中仅有一个the,表示主语是一个人(这个人既是医生又是作家),谓语动词用单数。故选A。
解题坑点
A and B结构的单复数判断不要脱离句意。比如fish and chips(炸鱼薯条),在英国饮食文化中被视作一种食物,类似于中国的小鸡炖蘑菇是两种食材做成的一道菜,此类名词作主语谓语动词要用单数;有时可能指代两个东西,如"The chicken and beef are delicious."鸡肉和牛肉是两种肉、此时谓语动词用复数。
4
(2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题)— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.
— That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it.
A.likes B.like C.liked
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的!年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时; 根据“Both the young and the old”可知主语是复数,动词应用原形,故选B。
高频考点5:必单原则
用法口诀:
动名不定式,时金路算式,复合不定代,学科三单挨。
注释:
规则1:动名词、不定式作主语,谓语用单数
Eating vegetables_is (is/are) good for our health.
To travel in the space__is (is/are) my dream.
规则2:(时间、金钱、(路程、(算式作主语,谓语用单数
Two months_is(is /are) a long time.
Three billion dollars is _(is /are) a lot of money.
Five hundred miles is (is /are) a long way
Six minus two_is (is /are) four.
规则3:复合不定代词作主语,谓语用单数
Nobody __is _(is/are) perfect.Somebody is (is/are) using the phone.
规则4:学科作主语,谓语用单数
English_ is (is/are)my favorite subject.Physics_is _(is /are) an important subject.
口诀使用典例:
________nature reserves__________us learn more about protecting animals.
A.Studying; helps B.Studies; to help C. Study; helping D.Study; help
题干中主语为动名词、动词不定式、时间、金钱、路程、算式、复合不定代词、单个学科,需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:
第一空是句子主语,要用动词的非谓语形式,故选动名词Studying;动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,故选A。
解题坑点
时间、金钱、路程等数字大于1的时候,或者加减乘除等算式结果大于1的时候,无论数字大小,都是“一个数字”,“一个数字”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
5
(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A.washing; are B.to wash; are C.to wash; is D.washing; is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——快点,杰森!我们要去看电影,但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”,排除BC;第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体,be动词用is。故选D。
高频考点6:必复原则
用法口诀:
牛人警察穿衣服,双the both用复数。
注释:集体名词表成员、the+形式复数、the+形容词或both...and...结构做主语,谓语动词用复数形式
The cattle _are _(is/are) eating grass on the hill. 牛人
People __love_(love) having cats as pets.人
The police_are___(is/are) searching for a thief. 警察
Clothes _are__(is/are) suitable presents for teenagers.衣服
The Greens are _(is/are) very rich. the+姓氏复数→—家人
The old_are (is/are) taken good care of in our country.the+形容词→一类人
Both my father and my mother _are___(is/are) doctors.
口诀典例:
Look! The police_ _the food onto the bank(岸) of the river.
A.am carrying B.is carrying C. are carrying D.be carrying
题干中主语为牛(cattle)、人(people)、警察(police)、衣服(clothes)、the+形容词表示“一类人”、the+姓氏表示“一家人”、both A and B结构,需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析
The police作主语,谓语动词用复数,答案为are carrying,故选C。
解题坑点
cattle, people, police, clothes都是集合名词,本身表示复数概念,因此谓语动词要用复数。但是需要注意的是,牛、人、警察、衣服的单数表达作主语时,谓语动词应当用单数。比如主语若为a man,谓语动词用单数。
6
(2019·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—________Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
—We hope more and more foreign friends live _____better life in China.
A./; a B.The; an C.The; a D./ ; the
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词用法。句意:—史密斯一家人现在习惯居住在上海。—我们希望越来越多的外国朋友在中国过更好的生活。定冠词the加姓氏复数表示“一家人”,所以第一空用the;第二空后的better是辅音开头的单词,表泛指用不定冠词a,故选C。
高频考点7:就近原则
用法口诀:There be近视眼,连名连名看后面。
注释:当主语是以下结构时,谓语动词与离得近的名词保持单复数一致。
①there be(某地/某时)有
②not only… but also…不但……而且……
③neither… nor.既不……也不……
④(either)...or...要么…要么……
⑤ not...but...不是……而是……
There_is(is/are) a bird and six bugs.
There_are(is/are) six bugs and a bird.
Not only the students but also the teacher wants(want) to go back to school.
Neither you nor I am_(am/is/are) right.
Either you or he)is(am/is/are) wrong.
Not he but you are_(am/is/are) right.
口诀使用典例
Either his brothers or he _the dishes after dinner.
A.do B.does C. make D. makes
题干中主语为There be+名词,not..but.., not only... but also..., either... or.., neither.nor…,需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析
题干中的主语是either A or B结构,谓语动词由B(即本题中的he)决定,正确答案为does,故选B。
解题坑点
both…and.在形式上也是“连名连名”结构,但是谓语动词用复数,需单独记忆。
7
(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)There ________ some milk and several apples in the fridge.
A.is B.are C.be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:冰箱里有一些牛奶和几个苹果。
考查there be句型的就近原则。there be句型遵循“就近原则”,离be动词最近的名词milk是不可数名词,所以be要用is,故选A。
高频考点8:就远原则
用法口诀:名连名看前面。
注释:当主语是以下结构时,谓语动词与离得远的名词保持单复数一致。
1、名with/together with/along with/ as well as名 “和、跟”
2、名besides /except / but名 “除了”
3、名including名 “包括”
Tom with his dog often_walks(walk) along the river
All students except Bob like (like) music.
口诀用法典例
My sister with my parents _______dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A.are making B.is making C. was making D. were making
题干中主语为“和、跟、同(... with..,..together with.…,.. along with.…,.… as well as.)”“除了(...besides…,…except…,…but…)”“包括(...including..)”,需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析
主语是A with B形式,谓语动词的单复数形式应由A(即My sister)决定;根据“when I got home yesterday evening”可知,本句描述的是过去某时刻正在进行的动作,故选C。
解题坑点
…and...在形式上也是名连名的结构,但是谓语动词形式需要根据语境判断(高频考点4),需单独记忆。
8
(2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题)Look! Julia as well as her sisters ________ a kite on the playground.
A.fly B.flies C.is flying D.are flying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你看!朱莉娅和她的姐妹们正在操场上放风筝。
考查时态及主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知,此处指的是正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,结构是“am/is/are+doing”,as well as连接的主语,谓语动词用“就远原则”,be动词与Julia一致,应用is,故选C。
名校新优子题高分必刷
1
(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考二模)A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A.protect B.is protected C.are protected D.protected
2
(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考二模)—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school
—In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.
A.third fourth; are B.third fourth; is C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are
3
(2023·天津·模拟预测)Next year, _______ a new road leading to the village.
A.there is B.there are C.there will be D.there was
4
(2023·江西·模拟预测)Not only Jim but also Lucy ____________ a few cities since they came to China.
A.will visit B.visited C.have visited D.has visited
5
(2023·辽宁丹东·统考二模)— Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
— Either. ________ tea ________ coffee are my favorite.
A.Not only;but also B.Both;and C.Neither;nor D.Either;or
6
(2023·新疆·统考一模)Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at home yesterday when the telephone _________.
A.were having; was ringing B.were having; rang
C.was having; rang D.had; was ringing
7
(2023·山东·统考一模)Everyone except Bill and Jim ________ here when the report began.
A.was B.is C.are D.were
8
(2023·四川攀枝花·统考二模)This pair of shoes ______ hand, and it ______very comfortable.
A.is made with, is felt B.are made from, is felt
C.are made of, feels D.is made by, feels
9
(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨德强学校校考模拟预测)Neither Tim nor Tim’s father and mother ________ swimming, but they like skating very much.
A.is fond of B.are fond of C.enjoys
10
(2023·江苏南通·模拟预测)There ________ a lot of jobs for college graduates. But now, everything is different.
A.are used to having B.used to have C.used to be D.are used to being
11
(2023·江苏镇江·统考二模)This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well.
A.sells B.is sold C.sell D.are sold
12
(2023·甘肃白银·校考一模)My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A.are making. B.was making C.is making D.were making
13
(2023·广西·模拟预测)—How time flies! Four years ________ since we started to study here.
—So it is. I miss you so much.
A.has passed B.has been passed C.have been past
14
(2023·福建福州·福建省福州外国语学校校考三模)—In the city, the old ________.
—Yes, that is a wonderful program.
A.care for B.is looked after well
C.are taken good care of
15
(2023·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测)________ of the teachers in our school is about one hundred and ________ of them are women teachers.
A.The number; two thirds B.The number; two third
C.A number; half D.A number; three quarters
16
(2023·湖北恩施·统考二模)—How much _______ this pair of shoes
—Sixty dollars _______ enough.
A.is; is B.are; is C.are; are
17
(2023·甘肃定西·统考三模)________ my sister ________ I do well in our lessons. My mother is very proud of us.
A.Not;but B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Both;and
18
(2023·新疆和田·统考一模)There are many rules in our school, for example, eating snacks ________ in our classroom.
A.are not allowed B.is not allowed C.allow D.allows
19
(2023·江苏南京·统考一模)—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A.washing; are B.to wash; are C.to wash; is D.washing; is
20
(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考二模)The couple who ________ presented with the award Model Couple will give a speech on their life.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,主语是复数,be动词用are。故选C。
2.D
【详解】句意:——苏珊,你们学校有多少女老师?——在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。
考查分数表达法及其用法。在英语中,分数的表达方法是:基数词(分子)+序数词(分母),分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。
3.C
【详解】句意:明年,将有一条新路通往村庄。
考查时态。根据“Next year”可知此句时态是一般将来时,There be句型的一般将来时结构是There will be。故选C。
4.D
【详解】句意:自从他们来中国以来,不只Jim而且Lucy也参观了一些城市。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。will visit一般将来时;visited一般过去时;have visited现在完成时;has visited现在完成时,has是have的第三人称单数形式。根据句中“…since they came to China”可知,这里表示从过去持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时态,排除A和B。主语是Not only Jim but also Lucy,谓语动词应根据就近原则,与Lucy一致,助动词用has。故选D。
5.B
【详解】句意:——茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一个? ——两者任意一个都可以。茶和咖啡都是我的最爱。
考查连词。A. Not only;but also不仅……而且……;B. Both;and两者都……;C. Neither;nor两者都不……;D. Either;or或者……或者……。根据上文Either和本句中谓语are提示,空格处应填入意为“两者都……”的连词。故选B。
6.C
【详解】句意:昨天,露西和她的父母正在家里吃晚饭,这时电话铃响了。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“at home yesterday when”可知本句是含有when的过去进行时态。主句一般用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,排除AD选项;另外第一空的主语是as well as前的Lucy,所以be动词用was。故选C。
7.A
【详解】句意:报告开始时,除了比尔和吉姆,其他人都在这里。
考查主谓一致。“Everyone except Bill and Jim”中everyone是主语,everyone是复合不定代词,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故CD选项排除掉;B是一般现在时,根据“when the report began”中的“began”可知用的是一般过去时。故选A。
8.D
【详解】句意:这双鞋是手工制作的。它摸起来非常舒服。考查主谓一致和形容词短语辨析。be made from 由……原料制成,指原料发生化学变化;be made of指原料发生物理变化;be made by由(某人)制成,后加动作的发出者。feel表感觉系动词,后接形容词,无被动语态;主语it是单数第三人称,动词需用三单形式。hand手,根据句意语境,故选D。
9.B
【详解】句意:蒂姆和他的父母都不喜欢游泳,但他们特别喜欢滑冰。
考查主谓一致。Neither...nor...为就近原则。根据“Neither Tim nor Tim’s father and mother”可知,离谓语最近的主语是Tim’s father and mother,为复数。故选B。
10.C
【详解】句意:过去有很多大学毕业生的工作。但是现在,一切都不一样了。
考查There be句型。There used to be“过去常常有”,固定句式。故选C。
11.A
【详解】句意:这本英语书及其听力材料很畅销。
考查主谓一致和被动语态。根据句子结构可知“together with its listening material”为介词短语,作为插入语,真正的主语为“This English book”,且为单数,所以排除选项C和D;sell well表示卖得很好,此时不用被动语态,故选A。
12.B
【详解】句意:昨天晚上当我到家时我的妹妹和我的父母正在包饺子。
考查时态以及主谓一致。根据“when I got home yesterday evening”可知,用过去进行时;且根据“with”可知,谓语动词与“my sister”保持一致,用单数形式,故选B。
13.A
【详解】句意:——时间过得真快!我们开始在这学习已经四年了。——确实是。我非常想念你。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时态have/has done。“Four years”是一个时间整体,助动词用单数形式has。pass表示“时间的逝去”,是不及物动词,无被动,排除B项。故选A。
14.C
【详解】句意:——在城市里,老人受到很好的照顾。——是的,那是一个很好的项目。
考查被动语态和主谓一致。care for=look after=take care of照顾,和主语the old之间是被动关系,主语是the old,表示“一类人”,be动词用are。故选C。
15.A
【详解】句意:我们学校的教师人数约为一百人,其中三分之二是女教师。
考查短语辨析以及分数表达。the number of……的数量;a number of许多。根据“about one hundred”可知,第一空指教师的数量,用the number of。分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,“三分之二”的表达为two thirds,故选A。
16.A
【详解】句意:——这双鞋多少钱?——六十美元就够了。
考查主谓一致。this pair of shoes“这双鞋”,主语是pair,单数,be动词应用is;“Sixty dollars”是金钱,金钱作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。
17.D
【详解】句意:妹妹和我功课都很好。妈妈以我们为骄傲。not ... but ...不是……而是……;neither ... nor ...既不……也不……;either ... or ... 或者……或者……;both... and... 两者都。根据句意My mother is very proud of us可知,妹妹和我功课都很好,故选D。
18.B
【详解】句意:我们学校有很多规定,例如,在我们的教室里不允许吃零食。
考查被动语态。主语eating snacks与动词allow之间是被动关系,且动名词作主语,助动词用is,故选B。
19.D
【详解】句意:——快点,杰森!我们要去看电影,但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”,排除BC;第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体,be动词用is。故选D。
20.A
【详解】句意:被授予模范夫妻奖的夫妇将发表关于他们生活的演讲。
考查主谓一致。根据“The couple...presented with the award Model Couple”可知,be presented with“被授予”,且此处的couple需看成一个整体。故选A。

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