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高考3500高频词汇讲解3
prove verb
变形：过去式： proved 过去分词： proven 现在分词： proving 第三人称单数： proves
词义：
1）V-LINK 证明是；原来是；结果是
We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true...
以前一直有人指责我们夸大事实，但遗憾的是，我们所有的报道都证明是真实的。
In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult.
过去这一过渡过程常常很艰难。
2）VERB 证明；证实
You brought this charge. You prove it!...
你提出了这项控告。你拿出证据来！
The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate.
结果证明对鲑鱼饲养行业的管理不够完善。
3）VERB 证明；显示
Margaret proved herself to be a good mother...
玛格丽特证明了自己是个好妈妈。
As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms...
身为作曲家的他证明了自己在创作大型戏剧方面驾轻就熟。
4）PHRASE 证明自己的能力（或知识）
They made a 3,000 mile detour simply to prove a point.
他们绕行3,000英里只是为了证明自己能够做到。
常用词组
prove out 成功：结果很好；成功
2、impression n.
一、变形：复数： impressions
二、词义：
1）N-COUNT 印象;感想
What were your first impressions of college
你对大学的第一印象是什么？
2）N-SING (通常有悖事实的)感觉,假象
I don't want to give the impression that I'm running away from the charges.
我不想给人一种我在逃避指控的感觉。
3）产生影响;起作用
The aid coming in has made no impression on the horrific death rates.
逐渐到达的救援对可怕的死亡率并没有起到什么作用。
4） (误)认为;(错)以为
He had apparently been under the impression that a military coup was in progress.
他显然以为一场军事政变正在酝酿中。
三、常用词组
under the impression that 错以为；依稀觉得
派生词
impress v.给人印象
impressive adj.感人的；令人钦佩的
impressively adv.令人难忘的
custom n./adj.
词义：
n.
1) N-VAR 风俗;习俗
The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries...
点燃奥林匹克圣火的习俗可以追溯到几个世纪前。
Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.
钟努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。
2)N-SING 个人习惯;习性;惯常行为
It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously...
他习惯谨慎地处理每一个问题。
As is the custom, police forensic experts carried out a painstaking search of the debris.
像往常一样，警方的法医专家对残骸进行了仔细的查看。
3)N-UNCOUNT 光顾;惠顾
如果你这么不想来，你可以不再光顾。
Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom.
打折并不是招揽顾客的唯一途径。
adj. 定做的;量身设计的
Her one-of-a-kind custom garments are priced from one hundred dollars to more than a thousand dollars.
在她这里定做一件款型独一无二的衣服，价格从100美元到1,000美元以上不等。
派生词
customary adj.习惯的；通常的
customized adj.定制的
advice 【U】n.
1）词义：劝告, 忠告, 意见
Good advice is beyond price.
忠告好, 无价宝。
词组：
A．advice on/about sth
关于……的建议
Go to your doctor and ask for advice on giving up smoking.
去找你的医生请教怎么戒烟。
B．a piece of advice
一个忠告（或建议）
She offered me several pieces of advice, none of which I chose to follow.
她给我提供了几个建议，我一个都没采纳。
C．on the advice of sb
听某人的劝告（或建议）
Foreign nationals have mainly left the area on the advice of their governments.
外国侨民主要是依从他们政府的劝告才离开了这个地区。
D. to give sb advice
给某人提忠告（或建议）
Your community officer can give you advice on how to prevent crime in your area.
你们的社区警官可以给你们提些建议，告诉你们如何防止社区内的犯罪。
2）消息, 报道; (商业)通知
Do not sell on any account until further advice.
在另行通知前切勿出售。
二、派生词
advise v.劝告；建议；给……出主意
常用搭配：
to advise sb on sth
就某事给某人提建议
Herbert would surely advise her on how to approach the bank.
赫伯特一定会就如何与银行打交道给她提供建议。
B. to advise sb to do sth
劝某人做某事
Residents are advised not to put their rubbish bags on the pavement outside their houses.
居民得到劝告不要把垃圾袋放在房屋外面的人行道上。
C. to advise sb against doing sth
劝某人不要做某事
I would strongly advise you against buying it.
我强烈奉劝你不要买它。
childhood n.
复数： childhoods
词义：童年，儿童时代； 早期；
His parents' obsession with keeping up appearances haunted his childhood.
父母过于爱面子的做法在他儿时一直困扰着他。
2.Her childhood was overshadowed by her mother's incarceration in a psychiatric hospital.
她的母亲被关在精神病院，这给她的童年蒙上了阴影。
三、派生词
child n.孩子
children child的复数 n.孩子们
四、词缀：
后缀: -hood 表名词,多加在名词后,"时期,性质"等
1 bachelorhood 独身,独身生活
bachelor单身汉+hood时期,性质→n.独身,独身生活
2 boyhood 少年时代[期]
boy男孩+hood时期,性质→n.少年时代[期]
3 childhood 幼年,童年
child儿童+hood时期,性质→n.幼年,童年
4 falsehood 错误;撒谎
false错误的+hood表示状态→n.错误;撒谎
5 hardihood 大胆,鲁莽
hardi=hardy勇敢的+hood时期,性质→n.大胆,鲁莽
6 likelihood 可能性
likeli=likely可能的+hood时期,性质→n.可能性
7 manhood 男子气
man男人+hood时期,性质→n.男子气
6、ruin n./v.
一、词义：
n. 复数： ruins
1. ( building or town ) 倾圮的建筑物；破败的城市
It was very splendid once, but it is a ruin now.
它曾经富丽堂皇，而今却破败不堪。
2. ( being destroyed ) 毁灭；倾圮；破败
The vineyards were falling into ruin.
这些葡萄园日渐破败。
3. ( downfall ) 毁灭；破产；垮台；衰落
Recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.
最近通货膨胀已经把他们逼到了破产的边缘。
常用词组：
in ruins
Our lives are in ruins.
我们的生活没落了。
v. 过去式： ruined 过去分词： ruined 现在分词： ruining 第三人称单数： ruins
1. ( destroy ) [ +crops, reputation, relations, health ] 破坏；毁坏；败坏；损害
It ruined their relations with the unions.
它破坏了他们与工会的关系。
2. ( bankrupt ) [ +person ] 使没落；使破产
The contract would certainly have ruined him.
这份合同本来肯定会让他破产的。
7、beauty n.
一.变形：beauties
二、词义：
1）1. [ person, place ] 美；美丽；优美；漂亮
Everyone admired her elegance and her beauty.
每个人都仰慕她的优雅和美丽。
2) ( good thing ) 妙处；优点
There would be no effect on animals—that's the beauty of such water-based materials.
对动物毫无影响——水基材料妙就妙在这儿。
beautiful adj. 美丽的，美好的； 极好的；
1. It's been a beautiful evening and you have made it all possible.
那是个美好的夜晚，你让一切成为可能。
2. That's a beautiful piece of work. You should be proud of it.
那件作品非常漂亮，你应当为之自豪。
3. Each one of these ancient towns is hauntingly beautiful.
这些古镇个个都美得令人难以忘怀。
三、派生词
beautify v. 美化，使美化，使变美
8、photograph n./v.
一、词义：
1、n. 复数： photographs
1）N-COUNT 照片；相片
Her photograph appeared on the front page of The New York Times.
她的照片登在了《纽约时报》的头版上。
2、v. 过去式： photographed 过去分词： photographed 现在分词： photographing 第三人称单数： photographs
词义：给…拍照；为…拍照
They were photographed kissing on the platform.
他们被拍到在月台上接吻。
二、派生词
photographer n.摄影师；照相师
三、同义词
photo就是纯粹意义上的“照片”。
photograph作名词时和photo一样，也是“照片”；作动词时意为“拍照”
picture作名词时意为“图片”、“照片”，范围比photo广得多，但作动词时意为“画、想象、描绘”。
四、词根词缀
词根: photo =light,表示"光"
adj. photogenic 发光的
photo光+gen产生+ic表形容词→产生光的
词根: graph =write,表示"写,图"
adj.
graphic 绘画似的, 图解的
graph写,图+ic……的→adj.绘画似的, 图解的
n.
1.autograph 亲笔签名
auto自己+graph写→自己写→亲笔
2.biographer 传记作者
bio生命+graph写+er人→写生命的人
3.biography 传记
bio生命+graph写+y→写生命→传记
9、period n./adj./adv.
一、词义：
1、n. 复数： periods
1)N-COUNT 一段时间；时期
This crisis might last for a long period of time.
这次危机可能持续很长时间。
2) N-COUNT （历史上的）阶段，时期
No reference to their existence appears in any literature of the period.
这一时期的文学作品中都没有提及他们的存在。
2、adj. （服装、家具、乐器）过去的，古代的，具有某个时代特征的
replicas of period instruments.
古乐器的复制品
3、adv. 到此为止；不再说了
I don't want to do it, period.
我不想做，这事就到此为止吧。
二、同义词辨析
age, period, times 这些名词均含"时期，时代"之意。
age : 常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期。
period : 最普通用词，概念广泛，时间长短不限，既可指任何一个历史时期，又可指个人或自然界的一个发展阶段。
times : 侧重某一特定时期。
10、website n.
一、变形：复数： websites
二、词义：n.[通信]网站；
E-mail lists and websites fairly crackled with anger as people realized what was going on.
当人们意识到发生了什么的时候，电子邮箱和网站都炸开了锅。
11、expense n./v.
一、词义：
1、n. 复数： expenses
1) 花费;费用;开支
To avoid extra expense and mess later on, try to decide on fittings before the plastering's finished...
为避免将来出现额外的开支和不必要的麻烦，尽量在抹灰完工之前把固定设施确定下来。
常用词组：
at great expense | at vast expense
以巨大的代价；以大笔的开支；花费很大地
All the preparations have been made at great expense.
所有的准备工作都投入巨大。
2) 拿…开玩笑;以…为嘲弄的对象
I think he's having fun at our expense.
我想他在拿我们寻开心。
2、v. 把…记入费用账
These costs are expensed through the profit-and-loss account.
这些花费都被记录在盈亏账簿上。
expensive
一、词义：adj. 价格高的；昂贵的；花钱多的
I get very nervous because I'm using a lot of expensive equipment.
我正在使用很多昂贵的设备，所以非常紧张。
常用词组：
an expensive mistake
代价高昂的错误
Buying the wrong paint proved to be an expensive mistake.
买错油漆是个代价很大的错误。
二、派生词
expensively 昂贵地；乱花钱地
12、reward n./vt.
一、词义：
1、n. 复数： rewards
1) N-COUNT 奖励;奖赏
A bonus of up to 5 per cent can be added to a pupil's final exam marks as a reward for good spelling and grammar.
小学生期末考试的分数最多可以加5分，作为对其拼写和语法正确的奖励。
2) N-COUNT 报答;回报;酬谢
Potentially high financial rewards are attached to senior hospital posts.
当上医院的高级职员就有可能享受丰厚的经济报酬。
2、vt. 过去式： rewarded 过去分词： rewarded 现在分词： rewarding 第三人称单数： rewards
词义：奖赏;奖励;酬谢
Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale.
多用心去打动顾客，货物就会更快售出。
二、常用词组：
to reward sb for sth
因某事而奖励某人
People should be rewarded for special effort.
格外出力的人应该受到奖励。
三、同义词辨析
award : 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。
reward : 指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。
13、appearance n.
一、变形：复数： appearances
二、词义：
1）) 出现；显现
The prompt appearance of the police prevented trouble.
警察的迅速出现防止了骚乱的发生。
2）外表；外貌，外观
She takes great care over her appearance.
她很注重自己的外表。
三、常用词组
1、keep up appearances （尤指为了掩饰真实情况而）维持门面，装门面，装体面
2、make (或 put in) an appearance尤指出于礼节而）短时间到场，露面，亮相
3、to (或 by) all appearances 就表面看来，就所能看到的情况而言
To all appearances, it had been a normal day.
四、同义词辨析
appearance, look, face,这些名词均含事物或人的"外表，容貌"之意。
appearance : 普通用词，着重由总体产生的印象。
look : 普通用词，多用复数，可与appearance换用，但较口语化。
face : 侧重指容貌。
appear v.
一、变形：过去式： appeared 过去分词： appeared 现在分词： appearing 第三人称单数： appears
二、词义：
1）出现, 显现,呈现
We expected him, but he never appeared.
我们等他, 他却一直没来。
2）好像;似乎;看来
The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.
飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。
3）（书籍等）出版，发表，问世
I could hardly wait for 'Boys' World' to appear each month.
每个月我都翘首期盼着《男孩世界》的出版。
link-v. 显得, 似乎,看来
It appeared that he had a taste for music.
看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。
14、loss n.
一、变形：复数： losses
二、词义
1）失去；丧失
blood loss失血
weight loss体重减轻
hair loss脱发
The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.
政府收入每月大概减少2.5亿美元。
2）（亲人或朋友的）丧故，亡故，逝世；（人命的）丧失
The allies suffered less than 20 casualties while enemy losses were said to be high.
盟军伤亡人数不到20，而敌军则据说人员损失惨重。
3）亏损；亏蚀
The gloom deepened after a thumping 45m loss at British Rail.
英国铁路公司遭受了4,500万英镑的巨额损失后境况更加惨淡。
三、派生词
lossless adj.无损的
15、figure n./v.
一、词义
1. n. 复数： figures
1)数字；位数
It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.
如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数字就好了。
2) N-COUNT 人影;身影
She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished against the grey backdrop of the Palace.
她站在桥上，一直等到他的身影消失在宫殿灰色的阴影中。
3) N-COUNT 体形;身材
Take pride in your health and your figure.
为自己的健康和体形感到骄傲吧。
4) 人物；雕像；塑像
Daniel Boone, the great hero figure of the frontier
丹尼尔·布恩——西部伟大的英雄形象
2. v. 过去式： figured 过去分词： figured 现在分词： figuring 第三人称单数： figures
1）以为；推断；认为
She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience.
她认为自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。
2）计算
I figured the total to be more than Jan made it.
我算出的总数比简算出的多。
常用词组：
1、to figure sth out | to figure out sth 算出
Can you figure out the price per kilo for me
你能帮我算算每千克的价格吗？
2、to figure sth/sb out | to figure out sth/sb
想出；理解；弄清
It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.
他们花了约一个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动这一设备。
3、to figure sth up | to figure up sth 把…总计起来
Give me a minute to figure up how much you owe me.
给我一分钟时间合计一下你欠我多少钱。
16、profit n./v.
一、词义：
1. n. 复数： profits
1) 利润；收益
You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.
可以通过合理规划来提高盈利的可能性。
常用词组：
to make a profit 盈利；获利
Despite the huge costs of setting it up, the exhibition made a profit.
尽管展览举办费用高昂，但还是有所盈利。
2）获利；盈利
to sell sth. at a profit 出售某物获利
I sold my shares in the company at a profit.
我卖掉了公司的股份，从中赚了一笔。
2. v. 过去式： profited 过去分词： profited 现在分词： profiting 第三人称单数： profits
1) 盈利；获取利润；赚钱
He has profited by selling his holdings to other investors.
他将自己的股票卖给其他投资者，从中获利。
2) 得益（于）；对…有益；对…有好处
So far the French alliance had profited the rebels little.
到目前为止叛军都没有从法国同盟那里获得什么好处。
profitable adj.
一、词义：
1) 盈利的；有利润的；赚钱的
Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America.
制药业是美国利润最丰厚的业务。
2）有利可图的；有益的；有用的
a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas
人员和思想的有益交流
17、campaign n./vi/
一、词义：
1. n. 复数： campaigns
1) （为达到社会、政治或商业目的而进行的）运动，活动
Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.
雅拍公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。
常用词组：
a campaign against sth. 反对…的运动
the campaign against public smoking
反对在公共场所吸烟的运动
a campaign to get sth. done 促成某事的运动
a campaign to get the prisoners released
一场争取囚犯获释的运动
2)（包括一系列战斗的）战役
a bombing campaign
轮番轰炸
2. v. 过去式： campaigned 现在分词： campaigning 第三人称单数： campaigns
1) 发起运动；开展活动
They have been campaigning to improve the legal status of women.
他们一直在为提高妇女的法律地位而奔走呼号。
常用词组：
to campaign for sth为…宣传呼吁
He campaigned for political reform.
他宣传呼吁进行政治改革。
to campaign against sth宣传呼吁反对…
The union has campaigned against the legislation.
工会积极活动反对这一立法。
2）作战
The 10th Cavalry campaigned in the Southern Plains from 1867 to 1875.
第10骑兵部队于1867年到1875年间在南部平原作战。
二、同义词辨析
battle, war, campaign这些名词均有"战斗，战争"之意。
battle : 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
war : 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
campaign : 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。
18、policy n.
一、变形：复数：policies
二、词义：
1）尤指政治、经济或商业方面的）政策，方针，策略
He will introduce plans which include changes in foreign policy and economic reforms.
他将推行包括转变外交政策和改革经济的计划。
2）N-COUNT （针对某一问题或某国的）政策，态度，行动
An official organization's policy on a particular issue or towards a country is their attitude and actions regarding that issue or country.
...the organisation's future policy towards South Africa.
该组织未来对南非的政策
19、target n./v.
一、词义
1. n. 复数： targets
1）（袭击的）目标，对象，靶子
All the missiles hit the designated targets.
所有导弹都击中了指定目标。
2）目的；目标
the park's annual target of 11 million visitors
公园每年接纳1,100万游客的目标
常用词组：
1. to set a target制订目标
2.to meet a target | to meet your target达到目标
3.to miss your target | to miss the target未达到目标
4. on target 击中要害的，准确的：完全准确的、精确的或有效的
observations that were right on target
2. v. 过去式： targeted过去分词： targeted 现在分词： targeting第三人称单数： targets
1) 攻击;批评;以…为攻击目标
He targets the economy as the root cause of the deteriorating law and order situation.
他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。
2) 瞄准;面向;尽力吸引
The company has targeted adults as its primary customers.
这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。
20、burden n./v.
一、词义：
1. n. 复数： burdens
1) 重担；负担
The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt.
发展中国家承受着巨大的外债负担。
词组：to be a burden to sb | to be a burden on sb成为某人的负担
She went into a nursing home so as not to be a burden on her family.
为了不成为家庭的负担，她进了养老院。
2）重负；负荷；负重
A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care.
照料孩子的重担落在了女性身上。
2. v. 过去式： burdened 过去分词： burdened 现在分词： burdening 第三人称单数： burdens
1)加负荷于；使负担
They could bring more accountability to tourist operators and tourists without burdening the taxpayer too much.
他们可以让旅行社和游客承担更多责任，而不给纳税人过多的负担。
词组：to burden sb. with sth. 用…烦扰某人
I would not dream of burdening anyone with my problems.
我压根不想拿我的问题去烦扰任何人。

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