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莆田第二十八中学 2023-2024学年上学期高二期中考试
英语试卷
注意事项：
1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the man need to do now
A.Lock the doors.
B.Catch the last train.
C.Finish his lesson.
2.Why does the woman say the bar would shut down
A.Because of its location.
B.Because of its advertisements.
C.Because of its management.
3.What does the man want to do
A.Have a cup of tea.
B.Go online.
C.Look at the menu.
4.Where will the speakers finally go
A.To the A120.
B.To the airport.
C.To their home.
5.How does the man feel
A.Confident.　 　B.Impatient.　 　C.Worried.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What will the speakers do tonight
A.Play a game.
B.Watch a match.
C.Visit a volleyball player.
7.What does the man think of the result
A.China will lose.
B.Russia will lose.
C.It will be a close match.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Where does the conversation take place
A.At the cleaner’s.
B.In a restaurant.
C.In a clothes shop.
9.When will the man need to use the suit
A.On Saturday evening.
B.One week later.
C.Half a month later.
10.How does the man sound in the end
A.Satisfied. B.Angry. C.Sorry.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What will happen if the man always prepares topics for English Corner
A.He’ll have good conversations with others.
B.He’ll be limited by what he has prepared.
C.He’ll become even more nervous.
12.What’s the man’s concern
A.He can’t understand people’s questions.
B.He has nothing to say.
C.People may not understand him.
13.What is the woman like
A.Patient. B.Strict. C.Humorous.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14.How does the woman ask for the bill in a restaurant
A.By shouting at the waiter.
B.By nodding to the waiter.
C.By ringing a bell.
15.What did the woman do yesterday evening
A.She chatted online.
B.She ate out.
C.She took a walk.
16.What do we know about her meeting with Jack
A.They just waved at each other.
B.They talked for a long time.
C.They walked back home together.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.How long was the family vacation
A.Two weeks. B.One week. C.Four days.
18.What did the speaker’s mother like
A.Parties. B.New cars. C.Travelling.
19.What was Michael’s job at that time
A.An engineer. B.A teacher. C.A student.
20.What did the mother ask Cara to pack
A.Umbrellas. B.Sweaters. C.Food.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A music festival, which is often presented with a main idea, is a community event mainly about live performances of singing and instrument playing. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favourite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2022, Sydney
Field Day means New Year’s Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city’s original outdoor party, it’s a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There’s an air of hope and active energy on a perfect summer’s day.
Envision Festival
February 21-26, 2022, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual event in Costa Rica that wants to provide a chance for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practise art, music and dance performances. At the same time, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.
McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2-4, 2022, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix’s musical celebration of community culture. Since its founding in 2004, it is the only 100% nonprofit(非营利的) music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
Old Settler’s Music Festival
April 19-22, 2022, Tilmon
The Old Settler’s Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in Tilmon, Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler’s Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.
21. Which city should you go to if you intend to participate in a music festival in January
A. Sydney. B. Uvita. C. Phoenix. D. Tilmon.
22. What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival
A. It encourages people to receive education.
B. It is not held to make money.
C. It provides a chance for friends to meet each other.
D. It focuses on culture spread.
23. Which festivals are connected with nature
A. Field Day and Envision Festival.
B. Envision Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival
C. Old Settler’s Music Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D. Envision Festival and Old Settler’s Music Festival.
.
B
In February, Dr. Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir (回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. As a physician and biochemist, Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.
In a recent conversation via video, Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny, interesting, and easy to understand”. In the book, Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist (or a heart doctor) to a biochemist.
Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City. After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University.
Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases.
When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”. He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you.
Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make, I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head.” Lefkowitz said. “However, I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.”
At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.”
24．What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor
A．His conversation with a cardiologist.
B．His father’s death from a heart attack.
C．His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir.
D．His poor physical health in childhood.
25．What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion
A．His good teamwork. B．His family’s support.
C．His positive qualities. D．His interest in research.
26．Which of the following can best describe Lefkowitz according to the last paragraph
A．Practice makes perfect. B．Bad luck brings good luck.
C．You are never too old to work. D．Experience is the best teacher.
27．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal B．A play review
C．A short story D．A science magazine
C
After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing.
Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, stand-alone rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities.
Every four-square-meter room is equipped with a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. There’s no shower or washbasin.
Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by smartphone application, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes.
The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan, Yicai Global reports. The idea of the shared fitness experience is not entirely nascent. Last December, the Shanghai-based technology company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings.
The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident investors are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP.
28. What makes the shared gym room different from the common one
A. Holding one person at a time. B. Standing in the living zone.
C. Offering open spaces. D. Having some advanced equipment.
29. What do people need to do to use the shared gym room
A. Let down curtains for privacy. B. Pay 100 yuan first.
C Use a smartphone. D. Have a shower before exercise.
30. What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Simple. B. Popular. C. Satisfying. D. New.
31. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To advertise a technology company. B. To introduce shared gym rooms.
C. To support the shared gym rooms. D. To predict the future of shared gym rooms.
D
With the invention of the Internet, humanity is now experiencing an adventure toward technological advancement. Nowadays, technology assists us with everyday tasks such as driving, grocery shopping and even dating. Technology is so closely connected to our lives that it’s easy to overlook one important question: When technology really starts to control the world around us, what comes next
Many experts and workers are scared that automation will take jobs from people who need them and give those jobs to robots. I understand their concern. However, if robots are outperforming us at our jobs, then what do humans have left to offer We have the emotions and imagination that make us human. A machine might work faster than a person, but that’s because humans built the machines that way. That, itself, is an amazing accomplishment of the human imagination. We are talented, passionate creatures, who do not deserve to be trapped in miserable jobs anymore!
By now, I hope you’re curious to hear which occupations we should focus on in the future. The obvious answer is jobs in technology and robotics. Tech-related jobs will continue to be in big demand, and people who work in these fields will continue to become more important. We should be grateful to them for doing work to take us higher as a society. Besides, we should also focus on jobs in the arts and entertainment. It may sound crazy, but what could better reflect the creativity of the human mind than the arts I believe technology has opened up our world, allowing us to share our imaginations with everyone!
So, we must ensure that future generations know that we mean it when we say, “follow your dreams.” Welcome to the 21st century: what a time to be alive! There has never been a better time to be yourself, and I can only see it getting even better from here.
32．Why does the author end paragraph 1 with a question
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a problem.
C．To ask for approval. D．To arouse thinking.
33．What’s the author’s attitude towards technological advancement
A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
34．Why are art-related jobs also important
A．They have opened up our world.
B．They help people realize their dreams.
C．They will be in great demand in the future.
D．They can demonstrate the innovation of human.
35．What is the tone of the passage
A．Narrative and serious. B．Persuasive and positive.
C．Descriptive and critical. D．Informative and objective.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Reading a Regular Habit
I’ve always been a bookworm. There’s no place I’d rather be than buried in the pages of an attractive story, absorbed into another life, another world. Yet many friends and fellow book-lovers have told me: “Oh, I haven’t read a book in ages... I’m just too busy.” However, research has found that regular reading helps us relax: reading for just six minutes can reduce stress levels by 68 percent. ____36____
Dedicate reading time. Setting aside some dedicated time every day—whether on your morning commute (通勤) or in the bath before bed—is a good place to start. ____37____
Listen to an audiobook. For those who find it tough to spend time on reading, audiobooks allow you to multitask. Book blogger Amanda Chatterton says she sticks to her headphones and “reads” while going for an hour-long pre-work walk in the morning. She says, “ ____38____You can listen on transport, out walking, in the bath, doing jobs around the house or just sitting and relaxing”.
____39____ If you’re the kind of person who is motivated by targets, try using sites like GoodReads to set yourself a reading challenge for the year. You can also add an element of competition by following what friends are reading.
Join a book club. Joining in a book club is a perfect solution for people who like to combine reading with socializing. ____40____ Belonging to a book club where others choose stretches you beyond your habit of reading.
Making more time for reading doesn’t have to be a chore, and your life will be all the richer for it.
A. Set a challenge.
B. Connect with book lovers online.
C. It can also inspire you to try new types.
D. So how can we make reading a regular habit
E. They are such a good way to increase your reading.
F. There are plenty of ways to build up a reading community.
G. Even just 15 minutes will see you finish an average-length book in 20 days
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I will never forget the adventure I had last summer. It all started when my friends and I decided to go on a camping trip deep in the forest. We were excited to 41 the wilderness and spend time away from our busy lives.
As we set up our tents, we noticed a strange sound coming from the trees. 42 , we heard a loud roar and saw a huge bear 43 toward us! We quickly 44 our bags and ran as fast as we could to escape the danger.
After running for several minutes, we 45 we were lost in the woods. Our phones had no signal, and we had no idea how to get back to our campsite. As night fell, we made a 46 to keep warm and tried to come up with a plan.
Just when we thought things couldn’t get any worse, we heard another sound. This time it was a group of wolves howling in the distance. We knew we had to stay 47 and keep the fire going to 48 them off.
The next morning, we decided to 49 a nearby stream, hoping it would lead us back to 50 . After hours of walking, we 51 a ranger station. The ranger (守林员) was surprised to see us and offered to help us find our way back to our campsite.
We were so 52 when we finally made it back to our tents. Despite the danger and 53 we faced, we were grateful for the experience and the memories we created together.
The adventure taught me the importance of being prepared and staying calm in 54 situations. It also 55 me of the beauty and power of nature, which we should always respect and appreciate.
41．A．destroy B．explore C．restore D．cross
42．A．Suddenly B．Unfortunately C．Obviously D．Basically
43．A．wandering B．pacing C．hiking D．charging
44．A．threw B．released C．seized D．hatched
45．A．realized B．sustained C．tolerated D．resolved
46．A．shelter B．fire C．house D．blanket
47．A．blank B．sensitive C．violent D．alert
48．A．come B．kick C．let D．scare
49．A．follow B．bridge C．approach D．jolt
50．A．recreation B．harmony C．civilization D．neighborhood
51．A．took over B．broke into C．came across D．went through
52．A．committed B．relieved C．refreshed D．qualified
53．A．opportunities B．jungles C．moods D．hardships
54．A．temporary B．unpredictable C．miserable D．complicated
55．A．accused B．informed C．reminded D．cured
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans have always had a natural 56 (curious) about space and a desire to explore it. Scientist made great efforts to help realize their dream in the hope 57 finding out more about the universe.
The Sputnik I satellite 58 (launch) by the USSR successfully orbited around Earth, and Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 59 (go) into space. Although more goals were achieved and scientists worked hard to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents still happened. A lot of equipment 60 (destroy) and many astronauts died. However, 61 desire to explore the universe never died, and 62 (determine) astronauts carried on their mission to explore space.
China became the third country in the world to 63 (independence) send humans into space. The launch of the Tiangong 2 space lab 64 (signal) one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station, 65 astronauts can carry out various missions.
All in all, the future of space exploration remains bright.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Jack想了解“时代楷模”张桂梅，请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信。
1. 1957年，张桂梅出生于黑龙江省；
2. 2008年经过多方努力，建成全国第一所全免费的中学：丽江华坪女子高级中学，并出任校长。11年来，帮助一千多名贫困女孩走进大学；
3. 虽然身患十余种疾病，却仍然坚持努力工作；
4. 2021年2月17日，被评为“感动中国2020年度人物”。2021年6月29日，被党中央授予“七一勋章”；
5. 你的感想。
参考词汇：Lijiang Huaping Girls’ High School 丽江华坪女子高级中学
the “Moving China” figure of 2020 感动中国2020年度人物
the Party Central Committee党中央
要求：写作词数应为80左右；
请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During breakfast, Alan suggested going to the Lego Land to have fun and his mom agreed.
“We’ll stop by the supermarket and buy some snacks and fruits. Now hurry and eat and then we’ll go. It’s going to be a lovely day. Grandma is coming with us. She’ll be here any minute.”
Alan ate his breakfast and then ran into his room to get his shoes. The problem was that he could only find one of them. He looked under his bed, but all he could see were dirty pants. He moved some of his toys out of the way, but still couldn’t find his shoe. After he had checked everywhere in his room, he ran into the kitchen. “Mom, I can’t find my shoe. Will you wait while I look for it ” he asked.
His mom thought about how many times she’d told Alan to clean his room up. She said something to Alan’s grandma in a low voice. Then, she said to Alan,“You will have to stay home. Your dad and I will take your brother Alex to the Lego Land. Grandma will stay at home with you.”
“No! Please wait for me. I want to go to the Lego Land,” Alan cried. “I’m sorry, Alan. I’ve told you a dozen times to clean your room and you did not do it. You can’t find your shoe now. It’s your own fault for not cleaning your room.You will stay home.”
Alan ran into his bedroom, crying. His mom came to the door and said, “Alan, clean that room of yours before I get home. I’ve told Grandma not to give you any sweets until you make your room clean and tidy.” She went out with Alex and the brothers’ dad. After a minute, they drove away.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
Alan sat on his bed and cried for a long time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Alan and his grandma were sitting at the table, eating when his mom, dad and Alex came home.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
参考答案及听力原文
1-20 AABBA BCAAB BAABC AACCB
21-23: A B D
24-27: B C C D
28-31: A C D B
32-35: D A D B
36-40: D G E A C
41-45: BADAA
46-50: BDDAC
51-55: CBDBC
56-65:
1．curiosity 2．of 3．launched 4．to go 5．was destroyed 6．the 7．determined 8．independently 9．signalled 10．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索。
1．考查名词。句意：人类一直对太空有着天然的好奇心和探索太空的欲望。空处应填名词作动词have的宾语，curiosity好奇心，不可数名词，故填curiosity。
2．考查介词。句意：科学家为了实现他们的梦想做出了巨大的努力，希望对宇宙有更多的了解。in the hope of希望，固定短语，故填of。
3．考查过去分词。句意：苏联发射的斯普特尼克一号卫星成功绕地球轨道运行，Yuri Gagarin成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。动词launch是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语satellite之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填launched。
4．考查动词不定式。句意：苏联发射的斯普特尼克一号卫星成功绕地球轨道运行，Yuri Gagarin成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。名词person前有序数词the first修饰，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，the first person to do sth第一个做某事的人，固定用法。故填to go。
5．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：许多设备被摧毁，许多宇航员死亡。此处是and连接的两个并列句，结合后一个分句的时态可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，且主语equipment和动词destroy之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was destroyed。
6．考查定冠词。句意：然而，探索宇宙的愿望从未消失，坚定的宇航员继续他们的任务探索太空。结合“to explore the universe”可知，此处特指“探索宇宙的愿望”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
7．考查形容词。句意：然而，探索宇宙的愿望从未消失，坚定的宇航员继续他们的任务探索太空。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词astronauts，determined下定决心的，坚定的，故填determined。
8．考查副词。句意：中国成为世界上第三个独立把人送入太空的国家。空处修饰动词send，应用副词形式。故填independently。
9．考查一般过去时。句意：天宫二号空间实验室的发射标志着中国在建立太空基地的计划中又向前迈进了一步，在那里宇航员可以执行各种任务。天宫二号发射是发生在过去的事情，故此处用一般过去时，空处用动词过去式。故填signalled。
10．考查定语从句。句意：天宫二号空间实验室的发射标志着中国在建立太空基地的计划中又向前迈进了一步，在那里宇航员可以执行各种任务。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a space starion，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
第四部分 写作
第一节
Dear Jack,
Hearing that you would like to know something about Zhang Guimei, I’m writing to give you a brief introduction to her.
Zhang Guimei was born in 1957 in Heilongjiang Province. In 2008, she built a girls' school that is only for the poor girls, Lijiang Huaping Girls' High School. The girls can study in this school for free.
As the headmaster of the school, she works so hard that she has got more than ten diseases. But she still keeps on working. In the past ten years, she has helped more than one thousand poor girls enter some universities. This year, she was honored with one of the “Moving China” figures of 2020 and awarded the July1 Medal by the Party Central Committee.
As a student, I look up to her very much. When I grow up, I will work hard like her.
Yours sincerely,
Alan sat on his bed and cried for a long time. And then he wiped his tears and started to clean his room. It took him two hours to clean up his room. “I did it!” he said proudly. He even found his missing shoe. He ran to the living room. “Grandma, come and see. I cleaned my room and found my shoe.” Grandma looked at Alan's room and smiled. “If you had kept it this way, you wouldn't have lost your shoe and your mom wouldn't have punished you,” she said.
Alan and his grandma were sitting at the table, eating when his mom,dad and Alex came home. “Well, look at Alan's room! It's clean,” his dad said. “How was the Lego Land Did you have fun I wish I could have gone there with you,” Alan said. “If you keep your room clean, we may go to the Lego Land again next month,” his mom said. From then on, Alan tried to keep his room clean.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Alan跟妈妈提议去乐高乐园玩，她的妈妈同意了。但是在临行前，Alan只找到了一只鞋，妈妈回想起她告诉Alan多少次让她把房间打扫干净，但是她总是弄的一团糟。于是Alan妈妈打算给她一个教训，没有带她去乐高乐园，而是让奶奶在家看着她把房间打扫干净。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Alan坐在床上哭了很长时间。”可知，第一段可描写Alan的爸爸妈妈带着Alex去了乐园后，独自伤心，痛哭之后，打扫房间的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“Alan和她奶奶正坐在餐桌旁吃饭，这时她的妈妈、爸爸和Alex回家了。”可知，第二段可描写Alan的妈妈、爸爸和Alex回家后发生的故事。
2.续写线索：擦干眼泪→打扫房间→交流→感悟
3.词汇激活：
行为类
擦干眼泪：wipe one's tears / dry one's eyes
打扫房间：clean up the room/ clean the house
微笑：smile/beam with a smile
情绪类
玩得开心：have fun/ have a good time
骄傲地：proudly/with pride
【点睛】【高分句型1】
“If you keep your room clean, we may go to the Lego Land again next month,” his mom said.(运用了if引导让步状语从句。)
【高分句型2】
It took him two hours to clean up his room.(运用了it作形式主语，to do作真正的主语。)

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