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复合句的概念和例句
复合句
改错:
1.He likes English, his English is very good.
2. His wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。这时我们可以用and,but,or等并列连词来连接这两个句子，也可以用分号(;)来连接。此时，这两个简单句(此时也可称作分句)之间是并列关系，不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。
用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句
用从属连词连接起来的句子是并列句.（除并列连词以外的就是从属连词）
复合句
A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句，还是先看上面的两个错句:
1.He likes English, his English is very good.
2.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为:
Because he likes English, his English is very good.
When he likes English, his English is very good.
Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home,
先看第一个句子，当用because连接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，(所以)他的英语非常好”，主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因，因此。“his English is very good"是主句，“because he likes English”是原因状语从句，
当用 when 连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“当他喜欢英语时”是他英语好的时间，因此，“his English is very good"是主句，“when he likes English”是时间状语从句.同理，句2修改后，前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。
像上面这样，用以属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个句子是主要的(主句)，另外一个句子(从句)是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子称为复合句句
当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。
从词或词组升级而来的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子是复合句.
The boy over there is my brother.
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
(当over there 变为“who is wearing a hat”时，句子就含有两个主谓结构:一个是“the boy is my brother"，是主句:另一个是“who is wearing a hat"，是the boy的定语，称为定语从句。who 既作从句成分，又起着从属连词的作用。)
2.I was doing my homework at six.
I was doing my homework when he came in.
("I was doing my homework"是一个主谓结构，"he came in”也是一个主谓结构，后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句，因此本句是复合句,when 是从属连词。)
3.It is wrong. What he said is wrong.
("what he said"是一个主谓结构。“what he said is wrong”是另外一个主谓结构，what he said 作主语，iswrong系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。what he said 是主语从句。)
从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出
一个句子如果含有从句，这个句子就是复合句。
从句包括名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。
主语从句
(1) That he has got the scholarship is true.他得了奖学金的事是真的。
(2) That the boy is still alive during the earthquake is a wonder.地震中男孩还活着，真是个奇迹，
(3) Whether he can see that letter is unknown.不知道他是否能看见那封信。
(4) Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还要看一看
(5) What you have done is a bad thing.你做的是一件错事。
(6)What you want is time.你想要的是时间。
(7) What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。
(8) Whatever I do is wrong.我做什么都错。
(9) How this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
(10) How we find it is unknown.我们如何找到它还不知道
(11) . It's necessary that you take an umbrella.你带把伞很有必要。
(12) It is obvious what we must do.我们该做什么是很明显的
(13) It's a question whether he would accept this.他们是否会接受是个问题。
(14) Is it true that he was fired .他被炒鱿鱼了是真的吗
(15) It is true that the man on the left is a well-known writer here.左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。
(16) It wasn't very clear what she meant.她是什么意思不是很清楚。
(17)When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
我们何时才能开始这次探险仍然悬而未决。
(18)Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该被做好。
(19)Whether be comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系。
宾语从句
(18) I don't know who you mean.我不知道你指谁。
(19) Since you are a adult, you may decide what you should do in the future.
(20) Please tell me which you like. 请告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
(21) Let me know whether you can come or not.你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。
(22) I'll do whatever I can do.我将做我所能做的任何事。
(23) I asked how he was getting on.我问他情况怎样。
(24)She has got what she wanted她想要的东药得到了。
(25) I really feel she's making a mistake.我真的感觉她正在犯错误。
(26) I am glad that you can join us.很高兴你能加入我们。
(27) I don't think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没有什么意思。
(28) I don't suppose we are going outing tomorrow.我认为我们明天不会出去郊游。
(29) I told him that because of the last condition, I 'd have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于最后那个条件，我只得谢绝。
(30) Can you hear what I say 你听得到我所讲的吗
(31) I don't know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河。
(32) I don't know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。
(33) He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal
他已经通知我他们将于什么时候讨论我的建议。
(34) Smith replied that he was sorry.史密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。
(35)He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再一次提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
(36) I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了。
(37)I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.被选参加会议，我感到光荣。
(38) He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
(39)We all think (that) she is hard-working and that she will surely go to a very good university.我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进一个非常好的大学。
(40) I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。
(41) The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。
(42) I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
(43) I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
(44) I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.“使,…成为习惯”
(45)We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
(46)I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
(47) He took it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.他想当然的认为女朋友会再回来。(48)We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
(49) We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
(50) I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
(51) She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作
做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
(53) Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
(54) I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。
(55) Can you tell me whether to go or to stay 你能否告诉我是去还是留
(56) The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.
(57) We don't think you are here.我们认为你不在这。
(58) I don't believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
(59) She realized what a fool she was.
(60) She realized how foolish she was.
表语从句
That's why I have come here那就是我来这儿的原因。
The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late.事实是他注意到车时已经太晚了。
What surprised me was that the foreigner spoke Chinese so well
使我感到吃惊的是这个老外汉语讲得那么好。
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。
It's just because he doesn't know her.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。
It looked as if it was going to rain.天看上去要下雨了。
It seems that it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了。
That is why Jack got scolded.这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人的支持。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他对新闻界的看法是、记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。
The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That's just what I want.这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn't come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他 10年前想成为的。
The problem is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.问题是谁与我明天前往北京。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
I was late for school this morning. That's because I stayed up late last night.我今天上学迟到了，那是因为我昨晚熬夜熬太晚了。
The elephant feels as if / though it were a wall.
His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.
定语从句
1. : Do you know everybody who came to the party
2.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
①who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who you are looking for is Jack.
②whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，作宾语时可以省略。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
③whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
④which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
⑤ that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
I've read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there
⑥when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:
I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
⑦ where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
⑧Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the party
同位语从句
(l) The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你不动脑筋就能做好这项工作的想法是十分错误的。
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们根本不知道他去哪儿了
(3) There is no doubt that he is an excellent actor.毫无疑问，他是一名优秀的演员。
(4) They expressed the wish that she accept this advice.他们表示希望她接受这个建议。
(5) Tom made a suggestion that we take a walk after supper.汤姆建议我们晚饭后去散步。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中国来访问。
There is a possibility that he is a spy.他可能是一名间谍。
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我们知道物体具有重量这一事实。
(9) The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。
(10).We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准。
(11) The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息 令人激动。
(12) I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。
(13)The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了
(14) We can't deny the fact that he is a handsome boy.不可否认，他是个帅气 的男孩。
(15) Word came that the Chinese team had won the match.消息传来，中国队赢了这场比赛。
(16) Several years-later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
(17)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
(18)He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
(19) The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.
状语从句
While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
She came in when I was having supper.我正在吃饭的时候，她进来了。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他结束演讲的时候，观众掌声雷动。
l、译成“一/刚/每...就”的结构
I 'll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。
2.译成条件句
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障，就把开关关上。
We can 't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果没有有关当局的批准，我们不能开始这项工作。
二 原因状语从句
The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.由于很多人没有来，我们只好将会议延期。
A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。
He will get promoted, for he has done good work.他将得到晋升，因为他工作干得好。
Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.理论之所以有价值，是因为它能给实践指出方向。
三 让步状语从句
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I'm wrong.不管我说什么，也不管我怎么说，他总是认为我是错的。
While we cannot see the air,we can feel it.我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感觉到它。
Granted that you don 't like the proposal,you shouldn't have rejected it without consulting others.
即使不喜欢这项建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。
四 条件状语从句
It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。
If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告诉我，那么我就能够作出决定。
You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。
No doubt I could have earned something if I had really meant to.毫无疑问，我本来是可以赚到一点的，如果我真有那种打算的话。
五 目的状语从句
He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.
为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜出了房间。
We should start early so that we might get there before noon.
为了正午以前赶到那里，我们应该早点动身。
They hid themselves behind the bush for fear that the enemy should find them.
他们躲在灌木丛后面，以防被敌人发现。
六 结果状语从句
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定，结果浪费了自己半生的时间。
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来。(可以将连接词略去不译)

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