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(共57张PPT)
Unit 3 Fit for life
The future is in our genes Reading 详解课件
新译林2020版 选必二
The future is in our genes
Health is happiness.
An apple a day makes a doctor away.
When the sun comes in, the doctor goes out.
Let’s read aloud
Pre-reading
1. What advances in medical science have you heard about
Three-D printing
I have heard about three-D printing that is used for printing parts of the body to replace those that are lost or injured beyond repair. For example, a leg or ear can be three-D printed to the precise measurements
of the patient.
Pre-reading
Precision medicine is another medical advance I know about. This health care approach takes into consideration patients’ genes, lifestyles and environments to find unique risk factors and develop personalized therapies.
1. What advances in medical science have you heard about
Precision medicine
Pre-reading
Both of these medical advances are incredible because they are tailor-made and therefore provide accurate and effective treatments for the patients.
Precision medicine
Three-D printing
Pre-reading
Cancer Nanotherapy 癌症纳米疗法
Brain-Machine Interfaces 大脑—机器交互界面
Wireless medical devices 无线医疗设备
Genome Editing 基因组编辑
…
What advances in medical science have you heard about
What do you know about genes
Key Phrases on P30
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
女士们、先生们，下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已，并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。
The Future is in Our Genes未来就在我们的基因之中
para.1
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or any living being is called a genome. Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.
在座的很多人可能已经知道，基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。
para.2
It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.
基因组包含的信息也有助于决定我们的寿命长短并影响我们罹患某种疾病的概率。比如，有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更易感染某种病毒，或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。
para.2
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如；像”，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
as引导非限制性定语从句
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. (P30)
as we all know 总所周知
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you can see 如你所见
as has been said above 如上所述
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as is known to all 正如大家知道的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 正如报道的一样，城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里提高了。
The air quality in the city, ________________________, has improved over the past two months.
2) 正如几周前有人在本报中指出的那样，他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖。 (2021 新高考全国I卷)
_______________________________ a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
as is shown in the report
As someone noted in this paper
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.
遗传学家相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段，因此他们一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分来改变基因组。在不久的将来，遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。
para.3
例1. 这个行动是打击犯罪的一种手段。
The move is a _______ to fight crime.
例2. 这是一门通过讲座和研讨会形式讲授的两年制课程。
This is a two-year course taught __________ lectures and seminars.
1
... as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
句意：因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。
means n. 手段；方法；财产
by means of 通过 (方法、手段或过程)
means
by means of
【拓展】mean v. 意思是； 打算； 产生……结果
adj. 吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的；残忍的
n. 平均数；中间；几何平均；等比中数
In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. (line 18)
v. （通常以书面形式）申请，请求
v. 使用；应用
v. 涂；敷；
apply sth. to sth. 把……应用到
apply to sb./sth. for sth. 向……申请
applicant n.申请人 application n.申请；应用
句意：在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。
In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.
apply to 适用于；应用于
例：
这条规则不适用于这种情况。
The rule doesn't ________ this case.
apply to
【拓展】apply相关短语搭配
1. He applied for a scholarship.
2. He applied to us for help.
3. He applied to stay there.
申请或请求
向某人申请
申请做某事
2
The advertisement for engineers on the Internet attracted many ___________(apply).
The man’s ___________(apply) for membership of the club was turned down.
Apply the cream evenly ________ your face and neck.
Practice makes perfect.
applicants
application
to
Genome Editing
CRISPR如何编辑你的基因 How CRISPR Lets You Edit DNA
Key Phrases on P31
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
也许我们很快就能用这些疗法帮助盲人恢复视力，或使先天性耳聋患者获得敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过
及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。
para.3
Ways to make changes to the genome: 1. __________________________________ specific parts of the genetic material. Application in medical fields of : Disease treatment Genome editing will be applied to treat 3._______________ health problems.
Genome editing might prevent diseases from ever developing by 4._____________________________.
Impact: Leading to a 5._____________ change in our approach to health care.
Read Para.3 and fill in the blanks.
Correcting, adding, deleting or replacing
Disease 2.________
prevention
a wide range of
correcting abnormal genes early on
fundamental
2. make + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语
“vt. + it + 宾语补主语 + 真正的宾语” 结构中：
常见的动词是：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel
it作形式宾语
宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词
真正的宾语常见的形式是：动词不定式、动名词和从句。
Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent disease from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. (P 31)
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I find ____________ easy enough to get on with Pam.
2) Robert ____________ (think) it a pity that he missed the party.
3) New technologies have made it possible ____________ (turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost.
it
thought
to turn
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.
然而，随着基因组编辑不断迅猛发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成为了问题。我们是否应该将其应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？不久之后，我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力，也能让人长得更高、肌肉生长得更快，让人体的各种感官更加灵敏或者智商更高。
para.4
句意：然而，随着技术的快速发展，如何恰当地使用它也出现了问题。
arise vi. 出现；上升；起立 arises-arising-arose-arisen
arise from 由……引起，起因于
arise out of 起于
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
例1: 新危机已经出现。
A new crisis ________.
例2: 城里出现了好几种新行业。
Several new industries _______ in the town.
has arisen
arose
3
rise (rose, risen) vi. 常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、
温度、物价等，无被动语态。
arise (arose, arisen) vi. (问题，困难等)出现；发生，产生,
主语一般为problem, trouble, quarrel, misunderstanding,
disagreement等。
raise (raised, raised) vt. 往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义,
可用于被动语态。
【拓展】rise, arise, raise的区别
The moon has risen above the hills.
The river has risen by several meters.
Problems arose from the outset.
How did the quarrel arise
Salaries have now been raised.
Heavy rain raised the river stage.
【语境应用】选用适当的词并用其正确形式填空 (raise; rise; arise) 。
1) Sales ________ by 20% over the Christmas period.
2) The problem may not ________, but there’s no harm in preparing for it.
3) Her parents died when she was a baby and she was ________ by her grandparents.
rose
arise
raised
1. prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies (P31)
ban sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. from doing sth.
sb. mustn’t do sth.
表示“禁止做某事”的语块：
【语境应用】用prohibit补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 办公楼内禁止抽烟。
________ ________ ________ in the office building.
2) 他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。
His poor eyesight ________ ________ ________ ________ a pilot.
3) 那个男人堵在门前不让我们离开。
The man threw himself in front of the door and ________ ________ ________ ________.
Smoking is prohibited
prohibited him from becoming
prohibited
us from leaving
We will be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”. However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征，制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。但这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已着手设法解决这些道德问题。我们必须想办法防止这项技术失控。这意味着我们需要采取恰当的管制措施，以确保基因组编辑对人类有利。否则，它可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
para.4
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. We will be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”. However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
Para. 4
Questions
Examples
Solutions
Figure out the structure of this paragraph.
句意：我们必须弄清楚如何防止技术失控。
We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.
figure out 想出；理解；弄清楚
例：这是个绝佳方法来帮助你弄清楚这个问题。
This is a perfect way to help you ________ this problem.
figure out
run wild: to grow or develop freely without any control
行为失控，不受约束
例：常青藤长疯了。
The ivy ___________.
has run wild
5
This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.(line 37)
be/work to our advantage 对某人有利
It would be to your advantage to attend the course.
参加这个课程对你有好处。
Ultimately, the new law will work to our advantage.
新法律最终将对我们有利。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science. Thank you for listening.
对于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论，但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。
para.5
Read Para.5 and answer the following question.
What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
Disapproving B. Doubtful
C. Neutral D. Supportive
D
Evidence:
Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
Para(s)_____: Introduction
Para(s)_____: Main body
Para(s)_____: Conclusion
What is the structure of the lecture transcript
While-reading
1
2–4
5
Genes play a critical role in__________________.
Genome editing can help with _______________ and_____________.
Many people are concerned about how to ______ genome editing _________________.
Introduction
Para. 1: Genome editing brings many exciting __________.
Para. 2:
Main body
Conclusion
Para. 3:
Para. 4:
Para. 5:
A1
Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.
Despite the public ________ , genome editing is one of the _________________ in the history of science.
possibilities
shaping our lives
disease treatment
prevention
appropriately
use
argument
greatest innovations
While-reading
Further Consolidation on the text.
________________________ 做手术
________________________ 基因组编辑
________________________ 对……充满了兴奋
________________________ 在……中扮演至关重要的角色
________________________ 塑造某人的生命
________________________ 决定某人的寿命长短
________________________ 与……有联系
________________________ 导致
________________________ 禁止某人做某事
perform operations
genome editing
be full of excitement about
play a critical role in
shape one’s life
determine one’s lifespan
relate to
lead to
prohibit sb. from doing sth
10. _____________________ 努力处理，全力解决
11. _____________________ 准备就绪
12. _____________________ 对我们有利
13. _____________________ 毫无疑问
14. _____________________ 衰老过程
15. _____________________ 加快……的步伐
16. _____________________ 活到高龄
17. _____________________ 不与人交往
18. _____________________ 用……装备……
19. _____________________ 在……取得巨大进步
wrestle with
put sth in place
work to our advantage
without doubt
the ageing process
quicken the pace of
live to a ripe old age
withdraw into oneself
equip…with
make great progress in
Fill in the blanks according to the lecture transcript.
Genes have an enormous effect on our lives, which is undoubted. Geneticists hope to use genome editing 1. _____________________
(治疗各种各样的疾病) and prevent some diseases from developing. However, questions arise about 2. ___________________________
(如何恰当地使用这项技术). Although there is still much 3. ________________________ (有待探讨和辩论) on the subject, people all believe that it is one of the greatest inventions 4. _____________ (在科学史上).
to treat a variety of diseases　
how to use the technology appropriately　
to be explored and debated
in the history of science
As I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as _______________（改变游戏规则的）as genome editing.
It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of _____________ (contract) certain diseases.
Geneticists have been trying to _______________ (找到) which genes relate ________which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective____________ (方法) of disease treatment and prevention.
Unit 3
game-changing
Text Review
contracting
identify
to
means
In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology __________ treat a wide range of health problems.
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to ___________ (恢复) a blind person’s ____________ (视力) or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
Genome editing, __________(serve) as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a _____________ (根本的) change in our approach __________ health care.
________the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions __________ (出现) about how to use it appropriately.
Unit 3
to
Text Review
restore
vision
serving
fundamental
As
arise
to
Should we _________ (限制) our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases
Should we _________ (prohibition) geneticists _________ using it to enhance healthy bodies
One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human _________ (resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller ...
This means _________(put) appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will _________ ______________. (对我们有利)
Unit 3
restrict
Text Review
prohibit
from
resistance
putting
work to
our advantage
Read a news report about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans.
Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
pace means identify wrestle with
cell fundamental affect without doubt
This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans. (1) ____________, the discovery is an important finding in the field of genetics. For years, scientists have been working to (2)__________ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community.
Without doubt
identify
Para.1: Scientists discovered sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans.
Genes play a critical role in overall health. Every (3) _________ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly disease, such as cancer, is tied to an individual's genetic make-up. However, scientists have long been (4) ____________ the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) ________ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question.
cell
wrestling with
pace
pace means identify wrestle with
cell fundamental affect without doubt
Para.2: Genes are important to our overall health and lifespan.
Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6) _________ lifespans. These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) __________ of targeting the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly enhance people's chances of living to a ripe old age. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) __________ change to the future of human life.
affect
means
fundamental
pace means identify wrestle with
cell fundamental affect without doubt
Para.3: Genetic markers help identify the specific genes connected with lifespans.
The lecture transcript uses a number of words related to “gene”. Look at the examples, think of more word families with a similar pattern and fill in the table below.
Suffixes Meanings Words
-(t)ics / -(o)logy the study of a subject genetics
-(t)ic / -al related to genetic
-ist / -ian a person who studies a subject geneticist
statistics, economics, linguistics, sociology, climatology
economic, linguistic, mathematical, political, musical
physicist, mathematician, statistician, politician, musician
B2
The lecture transcript uses different structures with “as”.
(1) None are as game-changing as genome editing.
(2) Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous
as a car out of control.
(3) As many of you may know, genes play a critical role
in shaping our lives.
(同级比较结构)
(同级比较结构)
(非限制性定语从句)
Learn this
“As” can be used in different structures to express different meanings, such as time and reason. As a linking word, it can make your information better organized.
(4) Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
(5) Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
(6) As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
(原因状语从句)
(介词短语，“作为”)
(时间状语从句，“随着”)
The lecture transcript uses different structures with “as”.
Translate the following sentences using “as”.
1. 随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更糟了。
2. 当他下公共汽车的时候我看见了他。
3. 因为她是一名模范教师，她给其他人树立了一个好的典范。
4. 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。
5. 他说话的口气好像他已经全部都知道了。
As time passed, things seemed to get worse.
I saw him as he was getting off the bus.
As she is a model teacher, she sets a good example to others.
As you weren’t there, I left a message.
He talks as if/as though he knew everything about it.
Use different structures with “as” to join the sentences below.
2. We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing. It can be dangerous.
1. You might have heard this before. Some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.
As you might have heard before, some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.
3. New discoveries are being made. Geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.
We need to have appropriate controls on genome editing, as it can be dangerous.
As new discoveries are being made, geneticists are gaining a better understanding of our genes.

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