资源简介

2024届高三级11月四校联考英语试题
佛山市第一中学、广州市第六中学
汕头市金山中学、中山市第一中学
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。本次考试采用特殊编排考号，请考生正确填涂。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
BEST BODY FITNESS
About us
You don’t want just a gym membership. You want a membership that means something. And that means you need support, expert help and a community.
Best Body Fitness isn’t just a gym: it’s full-service fitness membership made for you. Here’s how it works:
STEP ONE: Your assessment
We begin with an assessment session. This is a chance for you to see what we do at Best Body. Our assessment plans are no-cost and no-risk. We’ll also make a training plan specifically for you.
STEP TWO: Your training
When you decide to become a Best Body member, we show you what to do, how to do it and why you are doing it. After a few sessions with an expert private trainer you will feel comfortable working out on your own.
STEP THREE: Your membership
Membership works on a month-to-month basis. There are no sign-up fees and no cancellation fees. Start and stop whenever you want. And the best part Our fees are the most competitive in the whole downtown area.
STEP FOUR: Your community
At Best Body Fitness, we see everyone as part of a big team. And when you work with a team, you can do great things. Join any of our specialized classes, led by expert e to our nutrition classes. Participate in our regular social events. Everything is included in your fee.
Finally, we want to share with you some reasons why our members say that they have chosen us over any other fitness centre in the city.
It’s so EASY
Easy to start, stop, cancel or refund a membership.
Easy to access ― we’re open 24/7, we never close.
Easy results ― our trainers and equipment give you success, fast.
Come and visit us for a personal tour!
1. What can one do in the second step
A. Have a full assessment. B. Work with a team.
C. Learn from the private trainer. D. Make a training plan.
2. If you become a member of this gym, you can ________.
A. get refund when you cancel your membership
B. get expert training but you need to pay extra fee
C. go to the gym only from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm
D. go to the gym only from Monday to Saturday
3. What do you think the above passage is
A. A story book. B. A science magazine.
C. A TV show. D. An advertisement.
B
It’s perhaps the world’s most famous underwater attraction that remained in film and in legend: the Titanic. But now experts say the ocean liner, once a wonder of the high seas, is falling to pieces.
Capt. Alfred McLaren, the scientist who in July led the most recent expedition to the ship’s underwater grave, said his team saw clear signs of the accelerating damage of the wreck (残骸). There was damage likely caused by rust and sea life, and the captain’s cabin had collapsed.
“I was absolutely astonished,” McLaren said.
Worse still the fallen mast (桅杆) that crushed the ship’s deck is believed by many to be the result of an unapproved salvage (打捞) operation. “It was almost depressing to see how quickly she was getting worse,” McLaren says. “I would be really surprised if there’s very much standing up from the bottom, two decades from now.”
Ed Kamuda, who runs the Titanic Historical Society in Springfield, Mass., says adventure tourists — who pay $36,000 each to visit the wreck — are also contributing to the destruction of it.
“This is something I expected. I just didn’t expect it to happen so quickly,” Kamuda said. “People are going down just as an ego trip to say ‘I was there.’ All this takes a fare on the ship.”
The Titanic has sat at the bottom of the Atlantic since it sank after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage on April 14, 1912. More than 1,500 people died that night. The ship came to rest at the bottom of the freezing North Atlantic, more than 2 miles beneath the waves. The wreck was discovered in 1985, and since then it has been repeatedly visited by treasure hunters.
But still some scientists say those divers, and other thrill seekers are not necessarily to blame for the Titanic’s current problems.
Capt. Craig McLean of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration went on an expedition to the Titanic in June as part of a government study that is monitoring the condition of the ship. He says it’s unclear what part of the damage is from Mother Nature and which is from human nature.
“It’s too early and there isn’t enough evidence to put our fingers on anything,” McLean said.
Regardless, most agree there’s little that can be done for this most famous of wrecks. And soon, the mighty Titanic could well be lost again.
4. McLaren expected that in twenty years _______.
A. Only a minor part of the wreck would remain as it is
B. The wreck would be getting worse at a faster speed
C. Only salvage operation with the purpose of research would be approved
D. The wreck would be completely destroyed by unapproved treasure hunters
5. What is the tourist’s purpose of visiting the wreck, according to Kamuda
A. To contribute to the breaking down of the Titanic. B. To help finance the preservation of the Titanic.
C. To satisfy their curiosity and adventurousness. D. To better understand the history of the Titanic.
6. Craig McLean is one of the scientists who believe _______.
A Visitors should not be prohibited from the Titanic and other famous wrecks
B. The influence of the thrill seekers on the wreck will finally be determined
C. The government should contribute more to the monitoring of the Titanic
D. The damage of the Titanic is not necessarily attributed to the adventure tourists
7. The author is most likely to agree that the future of the Titanic is _______.
A. promising B. discouraging C. controllable D. vague
C
In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, patterns, materials, and colors. But they are eventually the biggest deception (欺骗) that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they They are high heels ― a woman’s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or stylish for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in creating short as well as long term troubles. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.
For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns (草坪通气). Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies gets rid of all the need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy blocks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defending against potential enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion items.
Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to one’s physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生), and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a narrow sidewalk gap and being thrown to the ground ― possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her aching feet.
8. Women don’t take the disadvantages of high heels too seriously because of _______.
A their attempt to show off their status
B. the rich variety of high heel styles
C. their wish to improve their appearance
D. the multi-functional use of high heels
9. What’s the author’s tone in presenting the positive sides of high heel shoes
A. ironic B. favorable C. sympathetic D. objective
10. The writer uses “those babies” (Paragraph 2) to refer to high heels _______.
A. to show their fragile characteristic
B. to show women’s affection for them
C. to emphasize their small size
D to indicate their trendy appearance
11. It can be inferred from the passage that women should _______.
A. refuse to buy the products of the fashion industry
B. go to a podiatrist regularly for advice
C. avoid following fashion too closely
D. see through the very nature of fashion myths
D
Carried by the wind, dust particles (微粒) from places such as the Sahara Desert can float halfway around the world before settling to the ground. As the plastics abandoned by humans break down into tiny pieces in the environment, they, too, travel through the atmosphere. Now scientists are a step closer to understanding how these microplastics travel in the globe — both locally and on long-distance flights.
Researchers spent more than a year collecting microplastics from 11 national parks and wilderness areas in the western U.S. They examined the particles that settled on dry days and those that fell along with rain or snow. In addition to making clear how microplastics move around, the results, published on Thursday in Science, reveal the seriousness of the problem: more than 1 million kilograms of microplastics — the weight of 120 million to 300 million plastic water bottles — fall on protected lands in the country’s western region each year.
The new findings add to scientists’ concern over microplastic pollution’s potential impacts on the environment and human health. “We’re not supposed to breathe in this material,” says Steve Allen, a microplastics researcher at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, who was not involved in the new study. “Plastics in the environment “carry all sorts of pesticides (农药), heavy metals and all the other chemicals that we’ve made over time,” he adds. “They’re going to carry them directly into our lungs.”
Since their discovery in oceans in the 1970s, microplastics — which can be as large as a grain of rice or smaller than a particle of dust — have been found nearly everywhere researchers have looked: in cities, in Arctic snow, on remote mountaintops. Their presence in areas distant from the place where human live has pointed to them being carried by winds.
12. What do the scientists further understand now
A. Why Sahara Desert is expanding to the south of Africa.
B. How plastic particles travel on the wind.
C. Why it is hard for plastics to break down.
D. How dust particles are spreading through the wind.
13. What do we know about the new study
A. The results showed the amount of microplastics is huge.
B. Researchers collected microplastics across the U.S.
C. Researchers focused on plastic particles in dry days.
D. Numerous plastic water bottles were found each year.
14. What does Steve Allen say about plastics
A. They should be recycled. B. They do harm to weather.
C. They can be used to make all sorts of pesticides. D. They carry harmful chemicals to human lungs.
15. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Dust Particles Is Harmful to Our Lungs B. The Environment Is Threatened by Plastics
C. Microplastics Are Falling from the Sky D. Microplastics Do Harm to Health
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the North-brook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. ___16___
Shocked at how much money kids spend Maybe you haven’t checked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. To some, such luxurious spending on the changeable young might seem unbearable. ___17___ Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenomenon after some research.
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. Teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music- and skin-filled shows on MTV, and you’ve got a large number of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids. ___18___ But also, spending money is often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Marshall says, even for those families who can afford such luxurious spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.
___19___ Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want. And don’t be afraid to just say no. Most of the parents are working nine-to-five or even working overtime to make ends meet. Therefore, shoulder the responsibility of instructing the kids to tell right from wrong, and developing healthy habits of spending money is of great importance. ____20____
A. Why do some parents give in
B. How did they persuade parents to pay
C. Teaching kids how to budget and save is key.
D. Kids shouldn’t always take money for granted.
E. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.
F. We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are.
G. There is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The last attempt of Ken Campbell to run could trace back to high school. When his wife, Susan, injured her foot, she needed ___21___ to rejoin her running group, so Campbell went along to keep her company in the ___22___. “We were just walking at the beginning,” he says, “I was heavy, and weighed over 90kg.” But as the weeks and months passed, the weight fell away, Susan recovered and Campbell’s ___23___ grew. At the age of 63, he ran 50km, and at 70, he ___24___ a 100km ultramarathon.
So how does someone with no ___25___ experience of running become an ultradistance runner in his 60s and 70s Susan had run marathons before her ___26___, but for Campbell, the turning point came when Susan’s Fleet Feet running group started the trails in the Sierra Nevada foothills near their home.
Campbell went out to visit Susan’s group, and “the trails were a terrible ___27___. It had been raining, and I was slipping, sliding and ___28___. But I thought, well, I like this a lot.” What he liked above all was the feeling of “being wrapped by the trail, being ___29___ by the closeness of the vegetation (植被) and the nearness of the river”.
Running the 100km ultramarathon took Campbell 16 hours. When Campbell ____30____ the finish line at 3 am, Susan handed him a 100km sticker to ____31____ on the back of his truck. He already had a 50km one on there. “It is a public ____32____ that you are part of this community,” he says. “Wherever we park, I see a line of vehicles with their various stickers and I feel that we are a tribe (部落).”
Campbell suffered from arthritis (关节炎) before he started running, and was “a(n) ____33____ for knee replacement”, but for now, he no longer needs a surgery. It can ____34____ the running ― but the “sense of well-being and accomplishment will carry me on forever”, he says, “If I can’t run, I will ______35______.”
21. A. arrangement B. operation C. confidence D. support
22. A. progress B. treatment C. recovery D. diagnosis
23. A. talent B. abilities C. experiences D. health
24. A. completed B. managed C. won D. joined
25. A. precious B. previous C. special D. sufficient
26. A. graduation B. growth C. injury D. attendance
27. A. practice B. atmosphere C. dream D. mess
28. A. sighing B. falling C. complaining D. moving
29. A. appreciated B. appealed C. embraced D. buried
30. A. approached B. accomplished C. divided D. crossed
31. A. remain B. advertise C. locate D. display
32. A. statement B. reminder C. truth D. expectation
33. A. target B. alternative C. candidate D. survivor
34. A. put an end to B. get involved in C. keep an eye on D. take advantage of
35. A. die B. walk C. stop D. cry
第二节 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Machines work well at a constant speed ― and the faster the better. Whether they are spinning cotton ____36____ dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are what they excel at.
Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines and for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People ____37____ (judge) by the speed at which they respond, not the quality of their response. “Always on” becomes something to take pride ____38____. When I ask people ____39____ they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”. Ticking things off the “to do” list becomes ____40____ means of defining ourselves. ____41____ (occupy) if not with work then with family or our social networks, most of us feel exhausted.
A few years ago, I became very interested in what it meant ____42____ (pause). I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized when I was writing, a short walk was a(n) ____43____ (effective) way to focus than concentrating harder. The small walk acted as a pause, ____44____ (enable) me to rest, reflect or refresh, appreciate and break a block in my ____45____ (creative). I realized that pause is not nothing!
A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a uniform raw material ― as the physics of Einstein shows.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。随着手机越来越智能，学生们所受的影响也越来越大。请你围绕“合理使用手机”这个主题，根据下面的提示，用英语给你校学生写一封倡议书。内容包括：
1. 智能手机给学生带来的不良影响；
2. 学生应如何减少智能手机的影响；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 词数不少于80；
2. 内容充实，行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The boy sat on his chair, with his hand above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION!” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed at how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard the call of his mother saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost thinking about a topic to write. Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”.
“Perfect,” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went onto Google and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then re-read the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
After a few seconds the boy eagerly checked the deadline of the COMPETITION on the website.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
His mother came up and comforted him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024届高三级11月四校联考英语试题
佛山市第一中学、广州市第六中学
汕头市金山中学、中山市第一中学
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。本次考试采用特殊编排考号，请考生正确填涂。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
BEST BODY FITNESS
About us
You don’t want just a gym membership. You want a membership that means something. And that means you need support, expert help and a community.
Best Body Fitness isn’t just a gym: it’s full-service fitness membership made for you. Here’s how it works:
STEP ONE: Your assessment
We begin with an assessment session. This is a chance for you to see what we do at Best Body. Our assessment plans are no-cost and no-risk. We’ll also make a training plan specifically for you.
STEP TWO: Your training
When you decide to become a Best Body member, we show you what to do, how to do it and why you are doing it. After a few sessions with an expert private trainer you will feel comfortable working out on your own.
STEP THREE: Your membership
Membership works on a month-to-month basis. There are no sign-up fees and no cancellation fees. Start and stop whenever you want. And the best part Our fees are the most competitive in the whole downtown area.
STEP FOUR: Your community
At Best Body Fitness, we see everyone as part of a big team. And when you work with a team, you can do great things. Join any of our specialized classes, led by expert e to our nutrition classes. Participate in our regular social events. Everything is included in your fee.
Finally, we want to share with you some reasons why our members say that they have chosen us over any other fitness centre in the city.
It’s so EASY
Easy to start, stop, cancel or refund a membership.
Easy to access ― we’re open 24/7, we never close.
Easy results ― our trainers and equipment give you success, fast.
Come and visit us for a personal tour!
1. What can one do in the second step
A. Have a full assessment. B. Work with a team.
C. Learn from the private trainer. D. Make a training plan.
2. If you become a member of this gym, you can ________.
A. get refund when you cancel your membership
B. get expert training but you need to pay extra fee
C. go to the gym only from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm
D. go to the gym only from Monday to Saturday
3. What do you think the above passage is
A. A story book. B. A science magazine.
C. A TV show. D. An advertisement.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了关于健身房会员资格的一些情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据STEP TWO: Your training部分中“After a few sessions with an expert private trainer you will feel comfortable working out on your own.(经过几次专业私人教练的训练，你会觉得自己锻炼很舒服)”可知，在第二步中有私教给你上锻炼课，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Easy to start, stop, cancel or refund a membership.(易于启动，停止，取消或退款会员)”可知，取消会员时可以得到退款，故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Best Body Fitness isn’t just a gym: it’s full-service fitness membership made for you. Here’s how it works(最佳身体健身不仅仅是一个健身房:它是为你提供全方位服务的健身会员。下面是它的工作原理)”以及全文都在介绍这家健身房会员资格的一些情况，吸引人们去办会员卡，推测文章是一则广告，故选D。
B
It’s perhaps the world’s most famous underwater attraction that remained in film and in legend: the Titanic. But now experts say the ocean liner, once a wonder of the high seas, is falling to pieces.
Capt. Alfred McLaren, the scientist who in July led the most recent expedition to the ship’s underwater grave, said his team saw clear signs of the accelerating damage of the wreck (残骸). There was damage likely caused by rust and sea life, and the captain’s cabin had collapsed.
“I was absolutely astonished,” McLaren said.
Worse still, the fallen mast (桅杆) that crushed the ship’s deck is believed by many to be the result of an unapproved salvage (打捞) operation. “It was almost depressing to see how quickly she was getting worse,” McLaren says. “I would be really surprised if there’s very much standing up from the bottom, two decades from now.”
Ed Kamuda, who runs the Titanic Historical Society in Springfield, Mass., says adventure tourists — who pay $36,000 each to visit the wreck — are also contributing to the destruction of it.
“This is something I expected. I just didn’t expect it to happen so quickly,” Kamuda said. “People are going down just as an ego trip to say ‘I was there.’ All this takes a fare on the ship.”
The Titanic has sat at the bottom of the Atlantic since it sank after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage on April 14, 1912. More than 1,500 people died that night. The ship came to rest at the bottom of the freezing North Atlantic, more than 2 miles beneath the waves. The wreck was discovered in 1985, and since then it has been repeatedly visited by treasure hunters.
But still some scientists say those divers, and other thrill seekers are not necessarily to blame for the Titanic’s current problems.
Capt. Craig McLean of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration went on an expedition to the Titanic in June as part of a government study that is monitoring the condition of the ship. He says it’s unclear what part of the damage is from Mother Nature and which is from human nature.
“It’s too early and there isn’t enough evidence to put our fingers on anything,” McLean said.
Regardless, most agree there’s little that can be done for this most famous of wrecks. And soon, the mighty Titanic could well be lost again.
4. McLaren expected that in twenty years _______.
A. Only a minor part of the wreck would remain as it is
B. The wreck would be getting worse at a faster speed
C. Only salvage operation with the purpose of research would be approved
D. The wreck would be completely destroyed by unapproved treasure hunters
5. What is the tourist’s purpose of visiting the wreck, according to Kamuda
A. To contribute to the breaking down of the Titanic. B. To help finance the preservation of the Titanic.
C. To satisfy their curiosity and adventurousness. D. To better understand the history of the Titanic.
6. Craig McLean is one of the scientists who believe _______.
A. Visitors should not be prohibited from the Titanic and other famous wrecks
B. The influence of the thrill seekers on the wreck will finally be determined
C. The government should contribute more to the monitoring of the Titanic
D. The damage of the Titanic is not necessarily attributed to the adventure tourists
7. The author is most likely to agree that the future of the Titanic is _______.
A. promising B. discouraging C. controllable D. vague
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了游客参观泰坦尼克号水下残骸，导致沉船加速损坏。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“I would be really surprised if there’s very much standing up from the bottom, two decades from now. (20年后如果泰坦尼克号仍有很多残骸幸存下来，我将非常惊讶)”可知，McLaren预期20年后可能只有一小部分保存下来。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“People are going down just as an ego trip to say ‘I was there.’ (人们下到海底，就像一种自我满足的行为，告诉大家：“我来过。”)”可知，游客参观沉船的目的是为了满足好奇心和探索欲。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“He says it’s unclear what part of the damage is from Mother Nature and which is from human nature.(他说，目前还不清楚哪些是大自然造成的破坏，哪些是人类造成的)”可知，根据Craig McLean的观点，泰坦尼克号的损害并不一定来自探险游客。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regardless, most agree there’s little that can be done for this most famous of wrecks. And soon, the mighty Titanic could well be lost again.(无论如何，大多数人都认为，对于这艘最著名的沉船，我们无能为力。很快，巨大的泰坦尼克号很可能再次消失)”可知，作者也认为泰坦尼克号的未来不可观，令人气馁。故选B。
C
In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, patterns, materials, and colors. But they are eventually the biggest deception (欺骗) that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they They are high heels ― a woman’s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or stylish for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in creating short as well as long term troubles. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.
For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns (草坪通气). Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies gets rid of all the need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy blocks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defending against potential enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion items.
Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to one’s physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生), and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a narrow sidewalk gap and being thrown to the ground ― possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her aching feet.
8. Women don’t take the disadvantages of high heels too seriously because of _______.
A. their attempt to show off their status
B the rich variety of high heel styles
C. their wish to improve their appearance
D. the multi-functional use of high heels
9. What’s the author’s tone in presenting the positive sides of high heel shoes
A. ironic B. favorable C. sympathetic D. objective
10. The writer uses “those babies” (Paragraph 2) to refer to high heels _______.
A. to show their fragile characteristic
B. to show women’s affection for them
C. to emphasize their small size
D. to indicate their trendy appearance
11. It can be inferred from the passage that women should _______.
A. refuse to buy the products of the fashion industry
B. go to a podiatrist regularly for advice
C. avoid following fashion too closely
D. see through the very nature of fashion myths
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了高跟鞋为什么受到女性的欢迎，并分析了高跟鞋的好处和害处，总结出高跟鞋是女性最大的敌人，因为它对女性的健康有很大的伤害。
【8题详解】
细节推理题。根据第一段“Fashion myths lave led women to believe that they are more beautiful or stylish for wearing heels (错误的时尚信仰让女性相信穿上高跟鞋她们更美更有型。)”可知，她们不重视高跟鞋的缺点是由于她们想提升自己的外表。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns (草坪通气). Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies gets rid of all the need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy blocks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defending against potential enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion items.(为了公平起见，必须指出高跟鞋也有积极的一面。首先，高跟鞋可以很好地给草坪通风。任何在草地上穿高跟鞋的人都知道我在说什么。在院子里简单地转一圈，就不用再找草坪护理专家了，而且还提供了完美大小的洞，给草坪提供氧气，而不会有那些乱七八糟的脏块躺在周围。其次，高跟鞋在抵御潜在敌人方面很有功能，用一双锋利而致命的时尚鞋来威胁敌人，他们很容易就会被吓跑。)”可知，作者提出了高跟鞋的两个优点：给草坪通气和作为武器保护自己。作者是在用一种嘲讽的语气在调侃。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。第二段中“A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies gets rid of all the need to call for a lawn care specialist(穿着高跟鞋在院子走一圈，就不需要找草 坪养护专家了。) ”作者用调侃的语气指出了，鞋跟非常细，会陷进草坪中，很不方便，但是女性仍然青睐高跟鞋。由于女性对高跟鞋的青睐，作者用those babies这种调侃的称呼来指代高跟鞋，因为高跟鞋穿着难受。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But they are eventually the biggest deception (欺骗) that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they They are high heels ― a woman’s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). (但它们最终是当今时尚界存在的最大骗局。它们是什么 那就是高跟鞋——女人最大的敌人(不管她是否知道)。)”可知，文章从开始告诉读者错误的时尚信仰欺骗女性穿高跟鞋，尽管它很不舒适并影响健康，但女性乐此不疲。作者想建议女性摆脱这些错误的时尚信仰。故选D。
D
Carried by the wind, dust particles (微粒) from places such as the Sahara Desert can float halfway around the world before settling to the ground. As the plastics abandoned by humans break down into tiny pieces in the environment, they, too, travel through the atmosphere. Now scientists are a step closer to understanding how these microplastics travel in the globe — both locally and on long-distance flights.
Researchers spent more than a year collecting microplastics from 11 national parks and wilderness areas in the western U.S. They examined the particles that settled on dry days and those that fell along with rain or snow. In addition to making clear how microplastics move around, the results, published on Thursday in Science, reveal the seriousness of the problem: more than 1 million kilograms of microplastics — the weight of 120 million to 300 million plastic water bottles — fall on protected lands in the country’s western region each year.
The new findings add to scientists’ concern over microplastic pollution’s potential impacts on the environment and human health. “We’re not supposed to breathe in this material,” says Steve Allen, a microplastics researcher at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, who was not involved in the new study. “Plastics in the environment “carry all sorts of pesticides (农药), heavy metals and all the other chemicals that we’ve made over time,” he adds. “They’re going to carry them directly into our lungs.”
Since their discovery in oceans in the 1970s, microplastics — which can be as large as a grain of rice or smaller than a particle of dust — have been found nearly everywhere researchers have looked: in cities, in Arctic snow, on remote mountaintops. Their presence in areas distant from the place where human live has pointed to them being carried by winds.
12. What do the scientists further understand now
A. Why Sahara Desert is expanding to the south of Africa.
B. How plastic particles travel on the wind.
C. Why it is hard for plastics to break down.
D. How dust particles are spreading through the wind.
13. What do we know about the new study
A. The results showed the amount of microplastics is huge.
B. Researchers collected microplastics across the U.S.
C. Researchers focused on plastic particles in dry days.
D. Numerous plastic water bottles were found each year.
14. What does Steve Allen say about plastics
A. They should be recycled. B. They do harm to weather.
C. They can be used to make all sorts of pesticides. D. They carry harmful chemicals to human lungs.
15. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Dust Particles Is Harmful to Our Lungs B. The Environment Is Threatened by Plastics
C. Microplastics Are Falling from the Sky D. Microplastics Do Harm to Health
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科研人员通过研究发现，微塑料的传播不局限于本地传播，还可通过空气在全球范围内传播。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Now scientists are a step closer to understanding how these microplastics travel in the globe — both locally and on long-distance flights.(目前，科学家更进一步地了解到这些微塑料是如何在全球传播的 —— 既有本地化传播，又有远距离传播)”可知，科学家目前更深入地了解塑料分子是如何在风中传播的。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition to making clear how microplastics move around, the results, published on Thursday in Science, reveal the seriousness of the problem: more than 1 million kilograms of microplastics — the weight of 120 million to 300 million plastic water bottles — fall on protected lands in the country’s western region each year.(周四发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果除了明确了微塑料是如何移动的之外，还揭示了问题的严重性：每年有超过100万公斤的微塑料——相当于1.2亿到3亿个塑料水瓶的重量——落在该国西部地区的受保护土地上)”可知，研究结果表明，微塑料的数量是巨大的。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““Plastics in the environment “carry all sorts of pesticides (农药), heavy metals and all the other chemicals that we’ve made over time,” he adds. “They’re going to carry them directly into our lungs.”(他补充说，“环境中的塑料携带着各种农药、重金属和我们长期制造的所有其他化学物质。它们会把这些物质直接带到我们的肺部。”)”可知，Steve Allen表示空气中的塑料会把有毒气体和其他毒性物品送入肺中。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了对微塑料在空气中传播的研究成果：第一段介绍了研究主题，第二段主要介绍了研究的过程和结果，第三段主要介绍了研究成果在科学界的影响，最后一段则补充介绍了过去对微塑料的研究发现。故C选项“微塑料正在从天上掉下来”最符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the North-brook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. ___16___
Shocked at how much money kids spend Maybe you haven’t checked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. To some, such luxurious spending on the changeable young might seem unbearable. ___17___ Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenomenon after some research.
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. Teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music- and skin-filled shows on MTV, and you’ve got a large number of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids. ___18___ But also, spending money is often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Marshall says, even for those families who can afford such luxurious spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.
___19___ Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want. And don’t be afraid to just say no. Most of the parents are working nine-to-five or even working overtime to make ends meet. Therefore, shoulder the responsibility of instructing the kids to tell right from wrong, and developing healthy habits of spending money is of great importance. ____20____
A. Why do some parents give in
B. How did they persuade parents to pay
C. Teaching kids how to budget and save is key.
D. Kids shouldn’t always take money for granted.
E. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.
F. We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are.
G. There is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. G 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了父母给青少年大量零花钱来满足他们的消费习惯这一现象并给出相关建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the North-brook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited.(青少年比以往任何时候都花更多的钱。据总部位于伊利诺伊州诺斯布鲁克的市场研究机构“青少年无限研究”称，仅去年一年，就有3160万青少年消费了1550亿美元)”可知，上文提到青少年比过去花了更多的钱，并列举了数据。根据下文中提到的青少年花钱的原因与父母有关以及父母该怎么做，需引出钱是父母的。故E选项“当然，这些钱大部分来自父母”符合语境，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Shocked at how much money kids spend Maybe you haven’t checked the price tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. To some, such luxurious spending on the changeable young might seem unbearable.(孩子们花这么多钱震惊了吗？也许你最近没有看过一些年轻一代必备品价格标签。对一些人来说，在多变的年轻人身上如此奢侈的消费似乎难以忍受)”可知，第二段讲到一些奢侈的花销是不可忍受的，但家长仍然付钱了，结合下文“Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenomenon after some research.(蒂莫西·马歇尔(Timothy Marshall)是弗吉尼亚州克里斯托弗·纽波特大学(Christopher Newport University)发展心理学副教授，经过一些研究后，他分析了这一普遍现象)”表明教授对于这一现象做出研究，故本句设问提出：为什么父母会允许孩子花这么多钱。故A选项“为什么有些父母会让步？”符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids.(许多有工作的父母可能会把钱花在孩子身上作为补偿)”以及后文“But also, spending money is often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.(而且，在我们这个快节奏的社会里，花钱往往比参加棒球比赛或其他活动更方便)”可知，本段主要讲家长为孩子花钱的一个原因——心理补偿。故G选项“没有足够的时间待在家里可能会有负罪感”符合语境，说明补偿的原因。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want. And don’t be afraid to just say no. Most of the parents are working nine-to-five or even working overtime to make ends meet. Therefore, shoulder the responsibility of instructing the kids to tell right from wrong, and developing healthy habits of spending money is of great importance.(不要只给孩子想要的玩具或衣服，给他们零花钱，告诉他们如何攒钱买他们想要的东西。不要害怕说不。大多数父母都是朝九晚五的工作，甚至加班来维持生计。因此，肩负起教育孩子辨别是非的责任，培养健康的花钱习惯是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要讲家长应如何解决孩子花钱过多的问题：给零花钱但教会孩子省着花钱。 本空在段首，为全段的总起句，C选项的budget（谨慎花钱）与本段大意呼应。故C选项“教孩子如何谨慎花钱和储蓄是关键。”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Therefore, shoulder the responsibility of instructing the kids to tell right from wrong, and developing healthy habits of spending money is of great importance.(因此，肩负起教育孩子辨别是非的责任，培养健康的花钱习惯是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要讲家长应如何解决孩子花钱过多的问题，得出结论：家长要承担引导孩子、培养良好习惯。F选项中we指代parents，故F选项“我们需要站出来，告诉孩子们界限在哪里”符合语境，故选F。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The last attempt of Ken Campbell to run could trace back to high school. When his wife, Susan, injured her foot, she needed ___21___ to rejoin her running group, so Campbell went along to keep her company in the ___22___. “We were just walking at the beginning,” he says, “I was heavy, and weighed over 90kg.” But as the weeks and months passed, the weight fell away, Susan recovered and Campbell’s ___23___ grew. At the age of 63, he ran 50km, and at 70, he ___24___ a 100km ultramarathon.
So how does someone with no ___25___ experience of running become an ultradistance runner in his 60s and 70s Susan had run marathons before her ___26___, but for Campbell, the turning point came when Susan’s Fleet Feet running group started the trails in the Sierra Nevada foothills near their home.
Campbell went out to visit Susan’s group, and “the trails were a terrible ___27___. It had been raining, and I was slipping, sliding and ___28___. But I thought, well, I like this a lot.” What he liked above all was the feeling of “being wrapped by the trail, being ___29___ by the closeness of the vegetation (植被) and the nearness of the river”.
Running the 100km ultramarathon took Campbell 16 hours. When Campbell ____30____ the finish line at 3 am, Susan handed him a 100km sticker to ____31____ on the back of his truck. He already had a 50km one on there. “It is a public ____32____ that you are part of this community,” he says. “Wherever we park, I see a line of vehicles with their various stickers and I feel that we are a tribe (部落).”
Campbell suffered from arthritis (关节炎) before he started running, and was “a(n) ____33____ for knee replacement”, but for now, he no longer needs a surgery. It can ____34____ the running ― but the “sense of well-being and accomplishment will carry me on forever”, he says, “If I can’t run, I will ______35______.”
21. A. arrangement B. operation C. confidence D. support
22. A. progress B. treatment C. recovery D. diagnosis
23. A. talent B. abilities C. experiences D. health
24. A. completed B. managed C. won D. joined
25. A. precious B. previous C. special D. sufficient
26. A. graduation B. growth C. injury D. attendance
27. A. practice B. atmosphere C. dream D. mess
28. A. sighing B. falling C. complaining D. moving
29. A. appreciated B. appealed C. embraced D. buried
30. A. approached B. accomplished C. divided D. crossed
31. A. remain B. advertise C. locate D. display
32. A. statement B. reminder C. truth D. expectation
33. A. target B. alternative C. candidate D. survivor
34. A. put an end to B. get involved in C. keep an eye on D. take advantage of
35. A. die B. walk C. stop D. cry
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ken Campbell从零开始跑步，逐渐成为超级长跑运动员的励志故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他的妻子Susan的脚受伤时，她需要帮助才能重新加入跑步小组，所以Campbell陪着她一起康复。A. arrangement安排；B. operation操作、手术；C. confidence信心；D. support支持。根据下文“so Campbell went along to keep her company”可知，由于脚受伤，他的妻子需要有人支持才能重新加入跑步小组。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他的妻子Susan的脚受伤时，她需要帮助才能重新加入跑步小组，所以Campbell陪着她一起康复。A. progress进步；B. treatment治疗；C. recovery康复；D. diagnosis诊断。根据上文“When his wife, Susan, injured her foot, she needed ___1___ to rejoin her running group”以及下文“Susan recovered”可知，Susan是在康复阶段。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但几周、几个月过去了，体重减轻了，Susan恢复了健康，Campbell的能力也增强了。A. talent才能；B. abilities能力；C. experiences经历；D. health健康。根据下文“At the age of 63, he ran 50km, and at 70, he ___4___ a 100km ultramarathon.”可知，在跑步的过程中，他的能力增强了。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：63岁时，他跑了50公里，70岁时，他完成了100公里的超级马拉松。A. completed完成；B. managed设法做成；C. won赢得；D. joined加入。根据上文“At the age of 63, he ran 50km,”以及下文“Running the 100km ultramarathon took Campbell 16 hours.”可知，70岁时，他完成了100公里的超级马拉松。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，一个没有跑步经验的人是如何在六七十岁的时候成为一名超远距离运动员的呢？A. precious昂贵的；B. previous先前的；C. special特别的；D. sufficient足够的。根据上文“The last attempt of Ken Campbell to run could trace back to high school.”可知，他之前并没有什么跑步经验。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Susan受伤前跑过马拉松，但对Campbell来说，转折点出现在Susan的Fleet Feet跑步小组在他们家附近的内华达山脉山麓开始跑步的时候。A. graduation毕业；B. growth成长；C. injury受伤；D. attendance出席。根据上文“When his wife, Susan, injured her foot, she needed ___1___ to rejoin her running group, so Campbell went along to keep her company in the ___2___.”可知，在脚部受伤前，Susan曾经跑过马拉松。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Campbell去拜访Susan的旅行团，“小径上一片狼藉。天一直在下雨，我滑倒了，滑倒了。但我想，好吧，我很喜欢这个。”A. practice练习、惯例；B. atmosphere氛围；C. dream梦想；D. mess混乱。根据下文“What he liked above all was the feeling of “being wrapped by the trail, being ___9___ by the closeness of the vegetation (植被) and the nearness of the river”.”可知，由于下雨，小径上一片狼藉。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Campbell去拜访Susan的旅行团，“小径上一片狼藉。天一直在下雨，我滑倒了，滑倒了。但我想，好吧，我很喜欢这个。”A. sighing叹息；B. falling降落；C. complaining抱怨；D. moving移动。根据上文“It had been raining, and I was slipping, sliding”可知，当时正在下雨，所以小径很滑，由此可推断Campbell滑倒了。故选B。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他最喜欢的是那种“被小径包裹着，被植被包围着，被河流包围着”的感觉。A. appreciated感激；B. appealed吸引；C. embraced拥抱、包围；D. buried埋葬。根据空后的“by the closeness of the vegetation (植被) and the nearness of the river”可知，他喜欢的是那种被包围着的感觉。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Campbell凌晨3点冲过终点线时，Susan递给他一张100公里的贴纸，让他在卡车后面展示。A. approached接近；B. accomplished完成；C. divided划分；D. crossed交叉、穿过。根据空后的宾语“the finish line at 3 am”可知，他是冲过了终点线。故选D。
31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Campbell凌晨3点冲过终点线时，Susan递给他一张100公里的贴纸，让他在卡车后面展示。A. remain仍然；B. advertise做广告；C. locate定位；D. display展示。根据下文“Wherever we park, I see a line of vehicles with their various stickers and I feel that we are a tribe (部落).”可知，Susan是让他在卡车后面展示。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一份公开声明，表明你是这个社区的一部分，”他说。A. statement声明；B. reminder提醒；C. truth事实；D. expectation期待。根据下文“you are part of this community,”可判断，这个贴纸就是声明自己属于这个社区。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Campbell在开始跑步之前患有关节炎，是“膝关节置换术的候选人”，但现在，他不再需要手术了。A. target目标；B. alternative可供选择的；C. candidate候选人；D. survivor幸存者。根据上文“Campbell suffered from arthritis (关节炎) before he started running,”和下文“but for now, he no longer needs a surgery.”可知，他曾经是膝关节置换术的候选人，可是现在不需要这个手术了。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它可以结束跑步，但“幸福感和成就感将永远支撑着我，”他说，“如果我不能跑，我就走。”A. put an end to结束；B. get involved in参与；C. keep an eye on留意；D. take advantage of利用。根据上文“Campbell suffered from arthritis (关节炎) before he started running”可知，他曾经患有关节炎，而这可能结束他的跑步生涯。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以结束跑步，但“幸福感和成就感将永远支撑着我，”他说，“如果我不能跑，我就走。”A. die死亡；B. walk走路；C. stop停止；D. cry哭。根据上文“If I can’t run”以及他的毅力可知，如果不能跑步，他也会选择行走。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Machines work well at a constant speed ― and the faster the better. Whether they are spinning cotton ____36____ dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are what they excel at.
Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines and for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People ____37____ (judge) by the speed at which they respond, not the quality of their response. “Always on” becomes something to take pride ____38____. When I ask people ____39____ they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”. Ticking things off the “to do” list becomes ____40____ means of defining ourselves. ____41____ (occupy) if not with work then with family or our social networks, most of us feel exhausted.
A few years ago, I became very interested in what it meant ____42____ (pause). I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized when I was writing, a short walk was a(n) ____43____ (effective) way to focus than concentrating harder. The small walk acted as a pause, ____44____ (enable) me to rest, reflect or refresh, appreciate and break a block in my ____45____ (creative). I realized that pause is not nothing!
A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a uniform raw material ― as the physics of Einstein shows.
【答案】36. or 37. are judged
38. in 39. how
40. a 41. Occupied
42. to pause
43. more effective
44. enabling
45 creativity
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是在这个人人都忙的社会适时按下暂停键，可以避免陷入一种我们就像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：无论是纺棉还是处理数字，规律的、重复的动作都是他们擅长的。whether...or...“无论是……，还是……”。故填or。
【37题详解】
考查谓语。句意：我们适应机器，并遵守它们的标准：判断人的标准是他们反应的速度，而不是他们反应的质量。设空处在句中作谓语，people和judge为被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为people，结合主谓一致。故填are judged。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：“永远在线”变成了一件值得骄傲的事情。take pride in为固定搭配，意为“为……而自豪”。故填in。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：当我问人们过得怎么样时，他们几乎总是回答“忙”。根据后面的回答“busy”得知在问最近的状态，而不是在做什么。How are you doing 意为“你最近怎样？”。故填how。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：把任务从要做清单上划掉变成了一种定义我们的方式。means单复数同形。根据“of defining ourselves(定义我们自己)”可知，此处表示一种定义我们的方式。means为单数，表泛指且以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果不是忙于工作，就是忙于家庭或社交网络，我们大多数人都会感到筋疲力尽。设空处在句中为非谓语，与主句主语most of us为被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Occupied。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，我对暂停的含义产生了浓厚的兴趣。介词in后的宾语从句中，it为形式主语，用to pause做真正主语。故填to pause。
【43题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：例如，我意识到当我在写作时，短暂的散步是一种比更有效的集中注意力的方法。根据than，可知设空处应用形容词的比较级的形式。故填more effective。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：散步就像一个暂停，让我休息，反思或刷新，欣赏和打破我创造力中的一个障碍。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填enabling。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处应用名词作介词的宾语，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。 故填creativity。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。随着手机越来越智能，学生们所受的影响也越来越大。请你围绕“合理使用手机”这个主题，根据下面的提示，用英语给你校学生写一封倡议书。内容包括：
1. 智能手机给学生带来的不良影响；
2. 学生应如何减少智能手机的影响；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 词数不少于80；
2. 内容充实，行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
【答案】Dear fellow students,
Smart phones have become an indispensable part in our life. Lots of students having been adversely affected, we appeal to every one of us to reasonably use smart phones.
It can be noted that dissatisfying behaviors involving smart phones are going viral, such as getting drowned in games and even cheating in exams. Therefore, it’s urgent that we take instant measures. Initially, we call on every student to prioritize our academic work. Fully engaging ourselves in classes rather than phone entertainment, we are more likely to improve our academic performance. Additionally, we advocate strengthening the awareness of fair play. A majority of students make persistent efforts to attain higher scores, so all of us are expected to take exams honestly to guarantee fair play.
Irresistible though smart phones are, it’s high time that we started from lessening the screen time bit by bit. Let’s take action right now!
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。随着手机越来越智能，学生们所受的影响也越来越大。请你围绕“合理使用手机”这个主题，根据下面的提示，用英语给你校学生写一封倡议书。内容包括：1. 智能手机给学生带来的不良影响；2. 学生应如何减少智能手机的影响；3. 发出倡议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：affect→influence
呼吁：appeal to→call on
此外：Additionally→In addition
获得：attain→obtain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Initially, we call on every student to prioritize our academic work.
拓展句：Initially, we call on every student to prioritize our academic work, which is more important.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Lots of students having been adversely affected, we appeal to every one of us to reasonably use smart phones.(运用了独立主格结构)
【高分句型2】It can be noted that dissatisfying behaviors involving smart phones are going viral, such as getting drowned in games and even cheating in exams.(运用了that引导的主语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The boy sat on his chair, with his hand above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION!” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed at how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard the call of his mother saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost thinking about a topic to write. Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”.
“Perfect,” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went onto Google and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then re-read the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
After a few seconds, the boy eagerly checked the deadline of the COMPETITION on the website.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
His mother came up and comforted him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1:
After a few seconds, the boy eagerly checked the deadline of the COMPETITION on the website. Hardly had he opened the webpage when the capitalized letters COMPETITION CLOSED leapt into his eyes again. How could that be The deadline was a week away. “No!!!” silent screams exploded inside him. He rubbed his eyes, got closer to the screen and fixed his eyes on the letters. The Cruel capitalized letters just stood out as if naughtily winking at him. Unwilling though he was, he was forced to accept the irreversible fact that the competition had closed. Noticing mom leaning against his room door gazing at him with affection, he couldn’t fight back tears of grievance, bursting out crying loudly.
His mother came up and comforted him. “Dear, it’s OK. You’ve written an award-winning story which is original and imaginative. That’s the biggest gain in the process.” mom said gently, patting him on the shoulder. Mom’s heartwarming comfort dispersed his shame, but still he regretted, “Mom, I should have started earlier and met the deadline! All my efforts have gone to waste.” As he recollected the struggle in choosing the topic and writing the imaginative story, mom wiped his tears, ruffled his hair and asked him to go to bed. Tossing and turning in bed, he was drawn to the fact that less procrastination, more satisfaction.
Possible version 2:
After a few seconds, the boy eagerly checked the deadline of the COMPETITION on the website. The day before yesterday! He could barely believe his eyes. Great sorrow overwhelmed him so suddenly that he bent over the keyboard with tears rolling down his face and his heart sinking. How could he make such a huge mistake Reflecting on his passing spare time of the holidays, he suddenly realized it was his procrastination and carelessness that led to his failure in catching the deadline. Now he had no chance to enter the competition despite his great desire to win. Lost in deep regret, he couldn’t help bursting into tears.
His mother came up and comforted him. “You missed the opportunity, but more opportunities are coming in your later life. What you should do is draw a lesson from the incident.” The boy straightened his body, stared into his mother’s eyes, and sobbed that he was so sorry. If only he had started earlier and stayed focused! If only he had taken it more seriously! “Mom, under no circumstances will I waste my time or procrastinate my work till the next day.” the boy promised in a trembling but determined voice. “It is gratifying that you know what to do. Do remember to plan ahead and take action as planned.” his mother added, her face beaming with satisfaction.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了离比赛截止日期只有一个星期，男孩甚至还没有开始他的作品。他妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把它作为假期的个人任务。但是正当他把作品写好，要上传的时候，却提醒比赛已经结束了。男孩十分委屈，好在母亲安慰了他，男孩也认识到不该拖延。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几秒钟后，男孩急切地在网站上查看比赛的截止日期”可知，第一段可描写男孩发现自己没能参加上比赛之后的反应和心情。
②由第二段首句内容“他的母亲走过来安慰他”可知，第二段可描写母亲安慰男孩以及男孩的感悟。
2.续写线索：比赛停止——男孩委屈大哭——母亲安慰——男孩倾诉——男孩感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
忍不住：couldn’t fight back /can’t help doing
靠近：get closer to/approach
注意到：notice/take notice of
情绪类
热切：eagerly/enthusiastically
喜爱：affection/love
【点睛】[高分句型1] Unwilling though he was, he was forced to accept the irreversible fact that the competition had closed. (运用了倒装句)
[高分句型2] As he recollected the struggle in choosing the topic and writing the imaginative story, mom wiped his tears, ruffled his hair and asked him to go to bed. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)

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