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Unit 6 Nurturing nature
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn some new words and basic sentence structures.
能力目标：Students can grasp the use of the present perfect continuous tense and persuasive expressions.
情感目标：Students can think about how to protect the natural environment while developing the economy.
教学重难点：
教学重点：Master the use of the present perfect continuous tense.
教学难点：1. How to use the present perfect continuous tense.
2. How to use the key words and phrases in the section.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔；
教学过程：
Greeting
Leading-in
学生活动：Do Activity 1 on Page 86.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Which of these statements are true about sentence (a)
Wild animals started using these passages in the past.
Wild animals used these passages only once.
Wild animals still use these passages now.
What is the difference between the expressions in bold in sentences (a) and (b)
(Suggested answers: 1)、3)；They are different in form and meaning. For sentence (a) the form is "have been doing", while for sentence (b) the form is "have done" In meaning, the bold part in sentence (a) means the action is continuous from the past; while the bold part in sentence (b) means the action happened once in the past.)
Presentation
1. 教师活动：
教师讲解：Present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时
Give enough examples and guide students to sum up the usages of present perfect continuous. Then ask students to give examples.
现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时由“have/has been +动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用 has，其他人称用 have。
现在完成进行时的用法
①表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，该动作在说话时仍在继续进行，可能还要继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。这个时态常和recently、all day、this week 等状语或for、since引导的时间状语从句连用。例如：
I have been writing the letter since then.
从那时起我一直在写这封信。
We have been studying for nearly 3 hours.
我们已经学了近3个小时了。
He has been studying traditional Chinese medicine since1999.
他从1999年开始学习中医。
Has he been studying hard since the new term began
新学期开始以来,他一直在努力学习吗？
②带有某种感彩：
Recently Li Hua has been helping his mother do housework regularly. (赞许的感彩)
最近李华经常帮他妈妈做家务。
I'm glad the lecture is finished! I've been sitting for three hours. (强调坐的时间长)
很高兴演讲终于结束了，我已经整整坐了三个小时了。
不能用现在完成进行时的情况
①某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。如：see、hear、know、have、like、be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了
(×) He has been having a cold for two weeks
(√) He has had a cold for two weeks.
②不具有延续意义的动词，如:finish、come、go、marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
①现在完成时强调动作已经完成，但对现在有影响或其结果现在仍然存在；而现在完成进行时着意于动作本身，是一种持续的(但不一定是结束了的)活动。
I have written a book on UFO. It was finished last year.
我写了一本关于 UFO的书，这本书是去年写完的
I have been writing a book on UFO. I should be able to finish it early next year.
我一直在写一本关于 UFO的书，我应该在明年年初就能写完。
②现在完成时陈述事实；而现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景,并带有感彩。
My father has lost his keys.
我父亲把钥匙丢了。(陈述事实)
My father has always been losing his keys.
我父亲老是弄丢自己的钥匙。(含责怪或无奈之意)
③现在完成时既可用于状态性动词，也可用于动作性动词；而现在完成进行时通常只用于动作性动词。
I have had this computer for 10 years, with which I have written plenty of articles.
我已拥有这台电脑 10年之久了，并用它写了大量的文章。
I have been writing articles with this computer for 10 years.
10年来我一直用这台电脑写文章。
④有少数动词(如：work、study、live teach、stay 等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多，只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。
—How long have you worked/been working here
你在这儿工作多长时间了？
—Ten years.
10年了。
四、practice
1. 及时练习：
You should go to bed. You _________ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
I _________ (write) letters since 6 o'clock.
I _________ (look) for him everywhere. Where can he be
三年以来，我们一直学英语。
_________________________ since three years ago.
近来他老是说厌倦了自己的工作。
_________________________ he is tired of his work recently.
在过去的几个月，西南地区的人们一直遭受严重旱灾的影响。
People in the southwestern areas _________________________ in the past few months.
(Suggested answers: have been watching; have been writing; have been looking; We have been studying English; He has been saying; have been suffering from serious drought)
2. Do Activity 2 on Page plete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
(Suggested answers:
1 have been hearing 2 has been making 3 is moving
4 have been flying 5 have been given 6 have been using)
3. Do Activity 3 on Page 87. Look at the charts and make sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.
(Suggested answers: ①The number of trees has been increasing in the last 20 years. ②Desert areas have been reducing in the last 20 years. ③Butterfly population has been increasing/has been becoming larger and larger in the last 20 years.)
4. Do Activity 4 on Page 87.
Work in pairs. Talk about how the environment where you live has changed. Use the present perfect continuous tense where appropriate.
五、Production
1. Tourism and the environment. Read the short passage.
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that conserves the environment. It encourages people to be responsible travellers and involves educating them about the natural world. For countries such as Costa Rica, Kenya and Nepal, ecotourism is an important part of the economy. Some ecotourism holidays involve voluntary work. Such as planting trees or counting endangered animals.
2. Do Activity 5 on Page 87.
Listen to the conversation and choose the place mentioned.
(Suggested answers: b c)
3. Do Activity 6 on Page 88.
(1) Listen again and complete the notes.
(Suggested answers:
1 hike in the mountains 2 count 3 hard work 4 elephants
5 lie on the beach 6 a nice hotel 7 a one-day bike tour)
(2) Work in pairs. Discuss what type of travel you prefer.
4. Do Activity 7 on Page 88.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
(Suggested answers:
Persuading others:
The fact is that...Wouldn't you agree that... I agree, but...
Compromising:
Let's find a compromise. Let's meet in the middle. As a compromise, …)
5. Do Activity 8 on Page 89.
(1) Complete the passage with the expressions in the box.
(2) Listen to the passage and check your answers.
(Suggested answers:
1 create opportunities for new businesses 2 help the local economy
3 not eco-friendly 4 disturb the wildlife
5 provide more jobs 6 use up natural resources
7 higher carbon emissions)
6. Do Activity 9 on Page 89.
Complete the boxes with the expressions in Activity 8.
(Suggested answers:
Advantages:
attracting more tourists
creating opportunities for new businesses
helping the local economy
providing more jobs for people living in the area
补充：
raising awareness of protecting local wildlife
providing locals with a chance to experience other cultures
…
Disadvantages:
not eco-friendly
disturbing the wildlife
using up natural resources
higher carbon emissions
补充:
polluting inshore seawater
destroying local ecological environment
…)
7. Do Activity 10 on Page 89.
Work in pairs. Role-play a discussion to reach an agreement that is satisfactory for everyone. Use the expressions in this section.
Student A: You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land.
Student B: You are a conservationist who wants to protect the wildlife there.
8. 练习
(1) She is very tired. She _______ (work) all morning.
(2) Jim _______ (phone) Jenny every night for several weeks.
(3) They _______ (plant) trees this month.
(Suggested answers: has been working；has been phoning；have been planting)
六、Summary
教师引导学生总结现在完成进行时的用法。
七、Homework
Review the language points and complete the exercises.

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