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(共22张PPT)
Unit 1
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Read for the main idea
(who)
Para.—
(how)
Para.____
(what)
Para.___
The truth
Para.____
Results and contributions
Para.___
Para 1
cholera[ k l r ]
severe[s v ]
diarrhoea[ da r ]
dehydration[ di ha dre n]
frustrated[fr s tre t d]
n. 霍乱
adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
n. 腹泻
n. 脱水
adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
once and for all
最终地；彻底地
Read the Para 1 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhea , dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Para 2
contradictory [ k ntr d kt ri]
adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
infection [ n f k n]
infect[ n f kt]
germ[ m]
subscribe [s b skra b]
subscribe to
n. 感染；传染
vt. 使感染；传染
n. 微生物；细菌；病菌
vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；
定期交纳（会费）
同意；赞同
proof [pru f]
n. 证据；证明
Para 2
Two contradictory theories
Theory one:
caused by ________
Theory two:
caused by _______
bad air
germs in food or water
Snow subscribed to the second theory.

In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Read the Para 2 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
Para 3
Para 3
While-reading
What method did he use
How did he finally find out why
marking on a map
Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street
Which houses had no death in Broad Street
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow____________the places where the people who ____ had lived
C:Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
evidence
process
theories
Read the passage again and complete the chart below.
air
food or water
marked on
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
Post-reading
Para 4&5
Para 4&5
Who should be to blame for the outbreak of cholera in London
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
the truth
Para.4
Through Snow‘s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the word saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
results and contributions
Para.5
What contributions did John Snow make to science？
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow____________the places where the people who ____ had lived
C:Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
D: The pump water carried
__________.
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
conclusion
evidence
handle
process
solution
theories
Read the passage again and complete the chart below.
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
air
food or water
marked on
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
Post-reading
Thanks

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