资源简介

高考英语谓语类型
一、S+IV.P+N/G或S+IV.P.N
John laughed at me.
1. 许多不及物动词可跟特定的介词构成成语，整个成语起及物动词的作用，可以用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：
You must abide by (=keep) your promises.
你必须遵守你的诺言。
The river abounds with (has many) fish.
这条河有很多鱼。
I agreed to his view.
我同意他的观点。
We aim at success in the examination.
我们的目标是考试成功。
This answer amounts to refusal.
这个回答等于拒绝。
I must apologize for my fault.
我必须为我的错误道歉。
I ask for (=demand) nothing luxurious.
我不要求奢侈的东西。
He depended upon me for advice.
他向我征求意见。
We abstained from drinking.
我们戒酒了。
His reply amounts to refusing her demand.
他的回答等于拒绝她的要求。
We began with learning ABC.
我们从学习ABC开始。
Happiness consists in being easily pleased.
幸福在于容易被满足。
My success depends on my friend helping me.
我的成功取决于我朋友的帮助。
he died from drinking too much.
他因酗酒而死。
I felt like beating him.
我真想打败他。
He thought of going abroad.
他想出国。
He wondered at being praise for doing nothing.
他对什么也没做就受到表扬感到奇怪。
2.许多不及物动词不仅和介词，还可和名词构成成语。这种成语可以看作是不及物动词，因为它们后面既可以不跟宾语，也不跟补语。
1）这种成语种有些名词前不加冠词：
The burst into laughter (=suddenly laughed).
他们突然大笑起来。
A steamer came into sight (=appeared).
一艘汽船出现了。
When did this world come into existence (=come out)
这个世界是什么时候出现的
The new law comes into force (=functions) next September.
新法律将于明年九月生效。
Don’t stand on ceremony (=be formal).
不要拘泥于礼节。
2）有些名词为复数形式：
She burst into tears (=suddenly cried).
她突然哭了起来。
The building burst into flames (=suddenly burned).
那座建筑物突然着火了。
He fished in troubled waters (=looked for personal advantage in times of national calamity).
他浑水摸鱼(在国家大难临头时寻求个人利益)。
We should keep within bounds (=act with propriety).
我们应该守规矩。
Don’t play with edged tools (=play with things dangerous).
不要玩弄有刃的工具。
We took to the boats (=used the lifeboats to escape).
我们上了小船(用救生艇逃生)。
3）有些名词前加”a”:
We came to a conclusion.
我们得出了一个结论。
His plan came to a bad end (or no good) (=failed).
他的计划以失败告终。
Business has come to a standstill (=stopped).
生意已陷于停顿。
The two came to an understanding (=began to understand each other).
他们两人达成了谅解。
We will go for a drive (=go in a car for relaxation).
我们将开车去兜风放松一下。
Your argument goes (or flies) off at a tangent (=changed suddenly in its direction).
你的论点突然偏离了方向。
His life hung by a thread (=depended dangerously on something small).
他的生命悬于一线。
4）有些名词前加”the”:
These two plans come to the same thing (give the same result).
这两个计划的结果是一样的。
He erred on the safe side (=chose a course erroneous but safe).
他选择了一条错误但安全的道路。
His works have fallen into the shade (=ceased to attract attention).
他的作品已不再引人注目。
They fought to the bitter end (or to the death).
他们战斗到最后(或至死)。
He will go to the bad (=sink into poverty and disgrace).
他将陷入穷困和耻辱之中。
Don’t harp on the same string (=keep saying the same thing).
不要老是说同一件事。
Keep in the shade.
保持在阴凉处。
He rose to the occasion (=showed that he was equal to it).
他能应付自如。
5）有些名词前需加物主代词：
Come to your senses (=Stop behaving like a madman).
恢复理智吧(别像个疯子一样行事)。
He fell on his knees (=knelt down).
他跪了下来。
Poverty fell to his lot (=became his destiny).
贫穷是他的命运。
He is going about his work (doing it).
他正在做他的工作。
She lies at your mercy (=is subject to your control).
她受你的支配。
The old widow lives on her own (=lives without help from others).
那位老寡妇独自生活。
Do not quarrel with your bread and butter (=do anything harmful to your livelihood).
不要破坏你的生计。
The chance slipped through my fingers (=escaped).
机会从我指间溜走了。
He worked on my fears (=caused me to do something fro him, by taking advantage of my fears).
他利用我的恐惧，使我替他做事。
3. 不要错误地以外下面句子的谓语和上面句中的谓语属于同一类型。
He came on Sunday. (S+IV)
他是星期天来的。
The children are playing by the tree.
孩子们在树旁玩耍。
二、S+IV.AP.P+N/G
John looked down on me.
许多不及物动词可与地点副词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作一个及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：
The loss added up to (=amounted to) a million dollars.
损失加起来达一百万美元。
He bows down to (=flatters) nobody.
他不向任何人卑躬屈膝。
He broke away from (=cut his ties with) all his friends.
他断绝了与所有朋友的联系。
Carry on with (=continue) your work.
继续你的工作。
He cut in with (=insert) a terribly saucy remark while we were discussing.
我们正在讨论时，他插嘴说了一句非常无礼的话。
This custom dates (=or goes) back to the early eighteenth century.
这个习俗可以追溯到18世纪初。
We should do away with (=get rid of) all social evils.
我们应该铲除一切社会弊病。
Everyone does well with him (=treats his well).
大家对他都很好。
He dropped in on (=made an unplanned visited to) my family.
他突然来我家串门。
He dropped off to sleep (=fell asleep).
他睡着了。
He often goes out with that pretty Japanese girl.
他经常和那个漂亮的日本女孩约会。
She held on to (=kept grasping) his arm.
她紧紧抓住他的胳膊。
She keeps away from (=avoids) him.
她避开他。
We should keep in with (=keep friendly with) our neighbors.
我们应该和邻居保持友好关系。
I can not keep up with (=overtake) my classmates.
我跟不上我的同学。
This small event led up to (=prepared the way for) his death.
这件小事导致了他的死亡。
Live up to (=Act according to) your promise.
遵守你的诺言。
We are looking for word to (=anticipating with pleasure) your visit.
我们正在等候您来访的消息。
Look out for (=Watch out for) the car.
当心那辆车。
The child messed about with (=made a mess of) my desk.
那孩子把我的书桌弄得乱七八糟。
He played up to (=tried to please) her.
他竭力讨好她。
I had to put up with (=bear) these terrible noises every day.
我每天都得忍受这些可怕的噪音。
I must settle up with (=get even with) the man who has insulted me.
我必须跟那个侮辱我的人算帐。
Many signed up for (=joined in) the contest.
许多人报名参加了比赛。
The guests sat down to dinner at eight.
客人们八点钟坐下来吃饭。
This policeman stood in with (=was in secret league with) those gangster.
这个警察与那些歹徒勾结。
We should wise up to (Am.) (=finally understand) what is going on.
我们应该清醒地认识到发生了什么事。
I can’t work together with him.
我不能和他一起工作。
He got out of (=avoid) smoking.
他戒烟了。
We moved on to getting married.
我们接着结婚了。
We stood up for prohibiting narcotics.
我们支持禁止麻醉品。
I never turn aside from (=avoid) doing anything good.
我从不回避做任何好事。
He went near to (=narrowly escaped) being killed.
他差点儿被杀。
三、S+TV.N.P+N/G
John found fault with me.
1. 许多及物动词和特定的名词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：
They caught hold of (=seized) the thief; caught sight of (=spied) a strange star; declared war on (or against) a foreign country; found fault with (=censured) me; gained possession of (=got) a large estate; got notice from the police; gave warning to (=warned) us; took care of their children; took (a) pride in their work.
他们抓住了小偷; 发现了一颗奇怪的星星; 宣战的:向(或反对)外国宣战的; 对我吹毛求疵; 获得了一大笔财产; 接到了警方的通知; 给我们警告; 照顾他们的孩子; 对他们的工作感到自豪。
They asked a favour of you; did a good turn to (=did a service to) me; did an injury to their brother; drew (or formed) a conclusion from (=inferred from) this fact; entertained a fear for (=worried about) this adventure; extended an invitation to (=invited) all their friends; formed an estimate of (=estimated) his abilities; gave an account of (=related) the accident; gave an order to (=ordered) us; had a lesson in (learned) English.
他们请你帮个忙; 对我做了好事; 伤害了他们的兄弟; 从这个事实中得出(或得出)结论; 对这次冒险感到害怕; 邀请他们所有的朋友; 对他的能力作出估计; 叙述事故的经过; 给我们下命令; 我上了一堂英语课。
They asked the favour of an early supply; cleared the way for the Queen; got (or had) the start of (=gained an advantage over) their rivals; got the better (or the best) of (=overcame) their competitors; lost the use of their legs; took the consequences of (=submitted to the results of) their folly; took the place of (=replaced) other members.
他们请求尽早供应; 为王后扫清了道路; 领先于(或占有)对手的优势;胜过(或胜过)竞争对手; 失去了双腿的活动能力; 承担他们愚蠢行为的后果; 取代了其他成员的位置。
He cleared his mind of prejudice; directed our attention to the vice; did his duty to (or by) his country; found his way to my village; gave his love to his parents; paid his addresses to (=courted) her; raised his voice against (=opposed) the manager; set his mind on (=attended to) his business; shook his head at the news.
他清除了心中的偏见; 把我们的注意力引向恶习; 履行他对国家的义务; 找到了我的村子; 把爱献给父母; 向她献殷勤; 提高嗓门反对经理; 专心于他的事业; 听到这个消息摇了摇头。
They did much damage to the car; had little notion of this project; had no objection to your proposal; had no patience for (=couldn’t stand) those fools; had some relations with the government; took little notice of the crime.
他清除了心中的偏见; 把我们的注意力引向恶习; 履行他对国家的义务; 找到了我的村子; 把爱献给父母; 向她献殷勤; 提高嗓门反对经理; 专心于他的事业; 听到这个消息摇了摇头。
He had dealings with (=did business with) us; will go shares with (=divide profits or cost with) his friends; made friends with politicians; took sides with (=supported) a certain political party.
他和我们有生意往来; 他会和他的朋友分享利润或成本; 与政治家交朋友; 支持某一政党。
这种动词成语不仅如上面例句表示的，可以用名词作宾语，也可像下面例句表示的，用动名词作宾语。
He aimed his efforts at studying nuclear energy; bore the responsibility of paying the debt of his son; gave his mind to bringing up his children; had no patience for waiting so long; had the pleasure of dancing with Mary; laid claim to being respected as a man; laid claim to being the father of a famous actress who had been an orphan.
他致力于研究核能; 承担偿还儿子债务的责任; 他一心要抚养他的孩子; 没有耐心等那么久; 我很高兴和玛丽跳舞; 要求作为一个人受到尊重的; 声称自己是一位著名女演员的父亲，她曾是孤儿。
2. 许多及物动词可与特定的介词连用，但与作宾语的名词关系并不紧密。这种类型与其说是”TV.N.P+N/G”类，不如说是带状语的”TV+N”类型。
I gave the money to John.
我把钱给了约翰。
Thank you for your kindness.
谢谢你的好意。
Compare this with that.
把这个和那个比较一下。
It reminds me of her pretty eyes.
这让我想起了她漂亮的眼睛。
They charged (or presented, provided, supplied, furnished) him with something.
他们向他提供了某样东西。
What prevents you from coming
你为什么不来
I warned him against doing evil.
我警告他不要做坏事。
I paid him for having done something for me.
我付钱给他，因为他为我做了些事。
I must keep my feet from getting wet.
我必须防止我的脚被弄湿。

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