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Unit 10【核心句式和词汇】
1. kiss /k s/ v. & n. 亲吻；接吻
(1) kiss作及物动词，其后可直接跟宾语。kiss sb. on 后接表示人的身体部位的名词，表示“亲吻某人的某个身体部位”。
The young mother kissed her daughter on both cheeks.
(2) kiss还可作可数名词，意为“亲吻；接吻”。give sb. a kiss“给某人一个吻”。
Little Sam gave his mom a kiss and went to bed.
2. You’re supposed to shake hands. (教材P73 图片文字)
（1）be supposed to do sth. 应当做某事
be supposed to do sth. 表示按规定、习惯、安排等应当做某事。
To make rivers cleaner than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.
（2）shake hands 握手
shake hands为固定短语。其中shake作动词，意为“(与某人)握手”。与shake有关的短语还有：
shake hands with sb. 与某人握手；shake one’s hand 握某人的手
He held out his hand and we shook hands with each other.
He shook my hand warmly.
3.In the United States, they are expected to shake hands. (教材P73 1c)
be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事；应该做某事
【拓展延伸】expect作动词，意为“期望；预料”。常见用法有：
4. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. (教材P75 3a)
relaxed /r l kst/ adj. 放松的；自在的
relaxed 作形容词，常用短语：be relaxed about 对......感到放松/不拘束。
In our school, we are pretty relaxed about clothes.
【易混辨析】 relaxing与relaxed
5. We value the time we spend with our family… (教材P75 3a)
value / v lju / v. 重视；珍视 n. 价值
value在此作及物动词，意为“重视；珍视”。
We really value our friendship.
(1) value还可作名词，意为“价值；重要性”。be of great value“有很大价值/重大意义”；be of little value“没什么价值”。
His research is of little practical value.
(2) valuable作形容词，意为“有价值的；贵重的”。
The book provides valuable information.
6. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. (教材P75 3a)
get mad 大动肝火；气愤
(1) get mad为固定短语，其后常接at/with sb. ，表示“生某人的气”，同义短语为get angry with sb.。
Whatever I say, please don’t get mad at/with me.
(2) mad作形容词，意为“很生气；疯的”。drive sb. mad“使某人发狂”。
The noise drives me mad.
7. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. (教材P75 3a)
make an effort 作出努力
make an effort为固定短语，其中effort作名词，意为“努力；尽力”。make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。
We’ll make an effort to finish the work on time.
8.table manners (教材P76 4c)
manner / m n (r)/ n. 方式；方法 (pl.) 礼貌；礼仪
（1）manner作名词，在此处用复数形式，意为“礼貌；礼仪”。good manners意为“有礼貌”，bad manners意为“没礼貌”。
We all like people with good manners.
(2) manner 作名词，还可意为“方式；方法”。
The problem should be solved in a fair manner.
9.In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. (教材P77 1a)
empty / empti/ adj. 空的；空洞的
empty作形容词，具体用法如下：
（1）意为“空的”（本句用法），其反义词为full（满的）。此时可作表语或定语。
Bob wanted to get something to eat from the fridge, but found it empty.
He feels lonely in the empty house.
（2）意为“空洞的”，通常只用在名词前作定语。
His empty speech was boring.
【拓展延伸】
（1）empty作形容词，还可意为“空虚的”，常用来形容人的感情。
After she died, I stayed alone in her room, with an empty heart.
（2）empty还可作动词，意为“倒空；清空”。其反义词为fill（装满）。
Forget the worries of everyday life and empty the mind.
10.Yes, I’m having a great time on my student exchange program in France. (教材P78 2b)
exchange / ks t e nd / n. & v. 交换
（1）exchange在此作名词，意为“交换”。常用短语：in exchange for“交换……”。
I buy you lunch and you fix my computer. Is that a fair exchange
Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera
(2) exchange还可作及物动词，意为“交换；兑换”，常用短语：exchange... for... “用……交换”。
He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one.
11. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. (教材P78 2b)
behave /b he v/ v. 表现；举止
behave在此处作不及物动词。behave还可作及物动词，常用短语为behave oneself，意为“举止规矩有礼；行为检点”。
12. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. (教材P78 2b)
except / k sept/ prep. 除……之外 conj. 除了；只是
(1)except在此处作介词，意为“除......之外”，表示某人或某物不包括在某范围之内。
They were all there except me.
(2)except还可作连词，意为“除了；只是”。
I have the same dress just like that one, except mine is blue.
13.Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs. (教材P80 3b)
suggestion /s d est n/ n. 建议 advice n. 建议
两者都可表示“建议” ，其区别如下：
Could you give me a few suggestions on how to spend the coming summer holiday
My teacher gave me two pieces of advice on English learning.
一、单项选择
1．More and more people would rather ________ than ________ in order to reduce the air pollution.
A．to walk; to drive B．walking; to drive C．walking; driving D．walk; drive
2．— Where shall we have a picnic this weekend
— _________ by the lake _________ in the park. It depends on you.
A．Not only; but also B．Either; or C．Both; and D．Neither; nor
3．—Mum, I’m very nervous before the exam.
—Be ______, dear. You’re sure to pass it.
A．modest B．energetic C．organized D．relaxed
4．—Jenny,it’s cold outside. ________ your coat when you go out.
—OK, dad.
A．Put away B．Put on C．Take off D．Take away
5．—Could you tell me how I can memorize many words
—Sure. When you learn a new word, try to memorize several sentences ________ that word.
A．inside B．except C．including
6．—Tomorrow we will hold a class meeting about how to ________ the living garbage to good use. Do you have any good ________
— Sounds good. In my opinion, we should classify all the rubbish.
A．put, advices B．make, advice C．put, suggestions
7．Remember to ________ using too difficult words to her, for she’s too young.
A．finish B．knock C．avoid D．enjoy
（2021·安徽中考真题）
8．We should ________ the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A．value B．change C．make D．win
9．—Let’s do something for our parents.
—Good idea. We should always ________ parents’ love for us.
A．value B．suppose C．explain
（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）
10．—Thank you for the ________ you gave me.
—I’m glad they’re helpful.
A．suggestions B．advice C．news D．information
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．Whenever I have problems, I go to Mr. Sigmund and he can offer me some (value) advice.
12．Although new to television, Daniel seems (relax) and natural.
13．She kept (knock) on the door, but nobody answered.
14．The teacher offered us lots of valuable (suggest).
15．Mrs Rainbow would rather (creative) different feelings for us.
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参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：为了减少空气污染，越来越多的人宁愿步行也不愿开车。
考查非谓语动词。walk步行；drive驾驶，根据固定搭配would rather do sth than do sth“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”可知，应该是宁愿步行也不愿开车，故选D。
2．B
【详解】句意：——这个周末我们去哪里野餐？——要么在湖边要么在公园里。这取决于你。
考查并列连词辨析。Not only…but also不仅……而且；Either…or要么……要么；Both…and既……又；Neither…nor既不……也不。根据“…by the lake…in the park. It depends on you.”可知，是二选一的关系，故选B。
3．D
【详解】句意：——妈妈，考试前我很紧张。——放松点，亲爱的。你一定会通过的。
考查形容词辨析。modest谦虚的；energetic 精力充沛的；organized有组织的；relaxed放松的。根据“I’m very nervous before the exam.”和答语“You’re sure to pass it”可知，此处是安慰她放松点。故选D。
4．B
【详解】句意：——珍妮，外面冷。当你出去的时候穿上你的大衣。——好的，爸爸。
考查动词短语。Put away收拾，整理；Put on穿上；Take off脱下；Take away带走。根据“it’s cold outside”可知外面冷，所以外出的时候要穿上大衣。故选B。
5．C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样才能记住许多单词吗？——当然。当你学习一个新单词时，试着记住包括这个单词的几个句子。
考查介词辨析。inside在里面；except除了；including包括。根据“try to memorize several sentences … that word”可知，要尝试记住包括这个生词在内的几个句子，故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：——明天我们将开一个关于如何善用生活垃圾的班会。你有什么好的建议吗？——听起来不错。在我看来，我们应该把所有的垃圾分类。
考查动词和名词辨析。put放；advice建议，不可数名词；make制作，使；suggestions建议，复数名词；advice是不可数名词，不能用复数形式，排除A选项；put sth to good use“物尽其用”，是固定短语，故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：记住不要对她用太难的词，因为她还太小。
考查动词辨析。finish完成；knock敲；avoid避免；enjoy喜欢；根据“for she’s too young.”可知，要避免对她说太难的词，故选C。
8．A
【详解】句意：我们应该珍惜我们在过去几年里发展起来的友谊。
考查动词辨析。value珍惜；change改变；make制造；win赢得。根据“the friendship that we have developed in the past years”可知，此处指珍惜友谊，故选A。
9．A
【详解】句意：——让我们为我们的父母做些事情。——好主意。我们应该永远珍惜父母对我们的爱。
考查动词辨析。value珍惜；suppose假设；explain解释。根据“We should always … parents’ love for us”可知，应该珍惜父母对我们的爱，故选A。
10．A
【详解】句意：——谢谢你给我的建议。——我很高兴它们能帮上忙。
考查名词辨析。suggestions建议，可数名词复数；advice建议，不可数名词；news新闻，不可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。根据“I’m glad they’re helpful.”可知此处they指代的是可数名词复数，用suggestions符合语境。故选A。
11．valuable
【详解】句意：无论我什么时候有问题，我去找西格蒙德老师，他会给我一些有价值的建议。advice“建议”，名词，修饰名词用形容词。value“价值”，名词，其对应的形容词为valuable“有价值的”。故填valuable。
12．relaxed
【详解】句意：虽然刚开始上电视，但是丹尼尔似乎很放松，也很自然。seem +adj“看起来似乎……”，系动词+表语，根据and后的“natural”，说明丹尼尔看起来很放松。故填relaxed。
13．knocking
【详解】句意：她一直敲门，但是没有人回答。keep doing sth一直做某事，故用动名词knocking。
14．suggestions
【详解】句意：老师给我们许多有价值的建议。根据句意可知用名词形式，根据lots of可知用复数；故填suggestions
15．create
【详解】句意：虹女士宁愿给我们创造不同的感受。根据would rather do sth“宁愿做某事”可知，空处用加动词原形，故把形容词creative变为动词create，故填create。
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