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Unit 12【核心句式和词汇】
1.By the end of the school day, … (教材P92 4c)
by the end of 在（某时间点）以前
by the end of 含有“不迟于”的意思。通常情况下，根据by the end of后接时间的不同，句子选用相应的时态：
(1) 接将来的时间，句子用一般将来时
By the end of next month, I will go to Shanghai to attend a meeting.
(2) 接现在的时间，句子用现在完成时
By the end of this term, we have learned 6 English songs.
(3) 接过去的时间，句子用过去完成时
By the end of last month, I had read 3 books.
2.fool (教材P93 1a)
fool /fu l/ n. 蠢人；傻瓜 v. 愚弄
(1) fool作名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”。make a fool of… “欺骗......，愚弄......”，play the fool “扮丑相，装傻”。
I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.
Don’t make a fool of her. It’s impolite.
I’m not going to play the fool anymore.
(2) fool 还可作动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。
Don’t be fooled by his appearance.
(3) foolish 为形容词，意为“愚蠢的；傻的”。
It is foolish of you to say so.
3. In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water. (教材P94 2b)
discovery /d sk v ri/ n. 发现；发觉
discovery 作名词，意为“发现；发觉”。作名词，还可意为“被发现的事物 (或真相、人)”。
The discovery of new talent in the art world is inspiring.
The drug is not a new discovery — it’s been known about for years.
4. The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled. (教材P94 2b)
cancel / k nsl/ v. 取消；终止
cancel此处用作及物动词，其过去式和过去分词均为canceled或cancelled，现在分词为canceling 或cancelling。
The match was canceled/ cancelled because of the bad weather.
5. Which of these stories is the most believable (教材P95 2c)
believable /b li v bl/ adj. 可相信的；可信任的
believable作形容词，由动词believe去e再加形容词后缀able构成。
一、单项选择
1．Let’s put the table ________ the wall so that there is more space in the room.
A．above B．against C．across D．around
2．—Did you have fun at the party, Danny
—Yeah. The host really knew how to make the party ________.
A．living B．live C．alive D．lively
3．Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike ________ one ________ it.
A．/; over B．the; above C．the; over D．/; above
4．Peter was going to school _______ it began to rain, so he had to wear a raincoat.
A．since B．when C．while D．because
5．—Mum, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up
—No, you needn’t. You can make your ________.
A．difference B．discussion C．discovery D．decision
6．—When did Bob and Victor arrive at the meeting
—They were late. They didn’t ________ until three o’clock.
A．fix up B．grow up C．take up D．show up
7．—No one can tell when they ________.
—When they ________, I’ll let you know at once.
A．return; will arrive B．will return; reach C．will return; arrive D．returns; reach
8．—It’s everyone’s duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (光盘行动).
—Sure. We should try to ________ all the food that we’ve ordered.
A．give up B．eat up C．turn up D．show up
9．—Dad, where is the dog I can’t find it.
—Hah, you can’t see it because it is ________ the big tree.
A．beside B．behind C．above D．opposite
（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）
10．The _________ of the Sanxingdui Ruins site（三星堆遗址）shocked the world.
A．discovery B．development C．disbelief D．difference
（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）
11．When my mother came into my room, I was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm to _________.
A．put off B．take off C．turn off D．go off
（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）
12．My father always tells me never to ______ when I am in trouble.
A．give up B．put on C．help out
二、根据句意填空
（2021·浙江杭州市·中考真题）
13．I can’t b that today is the last day of junior high school. I still remember the first day of Grade 7 like it was yesterday.
14． Fool’s Day is a day for us to play jokes on others.
15．A friend me to a costurne party and I enjoyed myself there.
16．By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already s up.
17．The cheat felt e when someone revealed (揭露) his hoax.
18．The (发现) of America was a great event.
19．They have (取消) the sports meeting because of the storm.
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参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：让我们把桌子靠墙放，这样房间里就有更多的空间。
考查介词辨析，above在……之上；against倚着；across横过；around周围。根据“the wall so that there is more space in the room.”可知应该是把桌子靠墙放，让房间有更多的空间，故选B。
2．D
【详解】句意：——丹尼，你在聚会上玩得开心吗？——是的。主人真懂得如何使聚会活跃起来。
考查形容词辨析。living活着的；live现场直播的；alive活着的；lively活跃的。根据“The host really knew how to make the party…”可知，是让聚会活跃，故选D。
3．B
【详解】句意：46号公寓很安静，不像它上面的那一套。
考查定冠词和介词辨析。the表示特指；above在……上方，不一定正上方，表示位置之高，只是笼统的说；over正上方，表示垂直向上，比较精确。第一个空格处有介词短语修饰，表示特指，应用定冠词the修饰；此处表达“在它上面”是比较笼统的说法，第2个空格处应用above；故选B。
4．B
【详解】句意：彼得正要去上学时，天开始下雨了，所以他不得不穿雨衣。
考查连词辨析。since因为；when当……时；while当……时；because因为。根据“Peter was going to school ...it began to rain”可知，是上学时天下雨了，began是短暂性动词，而while从句后要接延续性动词。故选B。
5．D
【详解】句意：——妈妈，当我长大后必须像你一样做一名老师吗？——不，你不必。你可以做你自己的决定。
考查名词辨析。difference区别；discussion讨论；discovery发现；decision决定。分析语境可知，此处在讨论长大后做什么，是对未来的决定，此处构成“make one’s decision”短语，表示“做某人的决定”。故选D。
6．D
【详解】句意：——鲍勃和维克多是什么时候来开会的？——他们迟到了。他们直到三点钟才露面。
考查动词短语。fix up修理；grow up长大；take up开始从事；show up出现，露面。根据问句“When did Bob and Victor arrive at the meeting ”可知，三点钟才出现。故选D。
7．C
【详解】句意：——没人知道他们将在什么时候回来。——当他们到了，我会马上告诉你的。
考查时态辨析。return返回，回来；arrive到达；reach及物动词，到达；第一句是when引导的宾语从句，表达的动作还没有发生，所以第一空使用一般将来时，排除A/D选项；第二句是when引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主语是they，动词用原形，而reach后必须接宾语，而第二空后没有宾语，故排除B选项，故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：——参加“光盘行动”是每个人的义务。——确实。我们应该努力吃光我们点的所有食物。
考查动词短语。give up 放弃； eat up 吃光；turn up开大；show up 出现。根据前一句“join in the Clean Your Plate Campaign”可知，“光盘行动”提倡吃光食物，故选B。
9．B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，狗在哪里？我找不到它。 ——哈，你看不到它，因为它在大树后面。
考查介词辨析。beside在……旁边；behind在……后面；above在……上面；opposite在……对面。根据“you can’t see it because it is...the big tree”可知，此处表示狗躲在大树后面所以才看不到。故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：三星堆遗址的发现震惊了世界。
考查名词辨析。discovery发现；development发展；disbelief怀疑；difference区别。根据“The…of the Sanxingdui Ruins site”可知，是三星堆遗址的发现，故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：当我妈妈走进我的房间时，我正躺在床上等着闹钟响。
考查动词短语。put off推迟；take off脱下；turn off关掉；go off发出响声；根据“I was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm”可知，是等着闹钟响，故选D。
12．A
【详解】句意：我的父亲总是告诉我，当我遇到困难时，永远不要放弃。
考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；put on穿上；help out帮助……摆脱困难。根据“My father always tells me never to … when I am in trouble”可知，遇到困难不要放弃，故选A。
13．(b)elieve
【详解】句意：我不敢相信今天是初中的最后一天。我仍然记得七年级的第一天，就像昨天一样。根据“I still remember the first day of Grade 7 like it was yesterday.”及首字母提示可知，应该是不敢相信这是最后一天，believe意为“相信”；can’t是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填(b)elieve。
14．April
【详解】句意：愚人节对于我们来说是开别人玩笑的日子。和别人开玩笑的节日是愚人节，April Fool’s Day愚人节。故填April。
15．invited
【详解】句意：一个朋友邀请我去参加化妆舞会，我在那里玩得很开心。短语invite sb. to sp.表示邀请某人去某地。根据下文I enjoyed myself there.可知用一般过去时态，invite的过去式是invited。故填invited。
16．(s)hown
【详解】句意：当我到达聚会的时候，其他的每个人已经出现了。这里是by the time引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时态，主语用had done的形式，短语show up表示“出现”，这里用show的过去分词shown。故填shown。
17．embarrassed
【详解】句意：当有人泄露了他的骗局时，那个骗子感到尴尬。短语feel embarrassed表示感到尴尬的。根据句意，故填embarrassed。
18．discovery
【详解】句意：美洲的发现是一个伟大的事件。根据空前the以及空后of可知，空格处用名词，discovery发现，故填discovery。
19．canceled
【详解】句意：由于飓风，他们已经取消了这次运动会。cancel取消，且根据空前have可知，用现在完成时have done，故填canceled。
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