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Unit 5【核心词汇】
教材核心词汇知识链接及典例解读
1.Children under 18 aren’t allowed to watch this show without their parents. （教材P36 4a）
be (not) allowed to do sth. （不）被允许做某事
be （not） allowed to do sth.是（not） allow sb.to do sth.的被动形式。
My parents are different from others. I’m allowed to make my own decisions.
（1）allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White.
（2） allow doing sth. 允许做某事。
We don’t allow smoking in the hall.
2. Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water.（教材P36 4a）
surface/ s f s/ n. 表面；表层
These plants float on the surface of the water.
on the surface意为“表面上；从外表看；乍一看”。
On the surface, it seems like a good idea.
3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. （教材P36 4b）
traffic /'tr f k/ n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆
traffic作不可数名词，表示”交通拥堵“，通常用heavy traffic， traffic lights 意为“交通信号灯”。
There’s usually lots of traffic at this time every day.
People now in many big cities have to set out early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes.（教材P36 4b）
postman / p stm n/ n. 邮递员
postman是可数名词，其复数形式为postmen。
His father used to be a postman.
post的合成词如下
5.gloves 手套（教材P36 4c）
glove /ɡl v/ n. （分手指的）手套
glove 作名词，常成对出现，a pair of gloves“一副手套” 。
I’m searching for a pair of blue gloves to match my new coat.
英语中，成对出现的常用词有
6. The international kite festival is held in April every year.（教材P37 1d）
international / nt (r)'n n l]/ adj. 国际的
international作形容词，由“ inter-（前缀）+ nation（n. 国家；民族） + -al
（形容词后缀）”构成。
Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai.
（1）前缀inter-表示“……之间，相互”。
inter- + net（n. 网络） Internet（n. 互联网）
（2）后缀-al常加在名词之后，构成形容词，表示“与.....有关的”。
nature（n. 自然）去e + -al natural（adj. 自然的）
7. There are competitors for the best kites.（教材P37 1d）
competitor / k m pet t (r)/ n. 参赛者；竞争者
Lei Haiwei beat other competitors including a master’s degree graduate from Beijing University.
（1）compete作动词，意为“竞争”。
Some companies are competing against each other for the market.
（2）competition作名词，意为“比赛，竞争”。
He took part in several chess competitions last year.
8. Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.（教材P38 2b）
form /f :(r)m/ n. 形式；类型
Ice is a form of water.
（1）form作名词，还可意为“表格”。
The young man is filling in his form.
（2）form 还可作动词，意为“形成；建立”。
A plan formed in my head.
He formed a band with some friends.
9. The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.（教材P38 2b）
turn into 变成
turn into为固定短语，turn… into …意为“把……变成……”。
Each coin has two sides. My bad luck has unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
They want to turn this old house into a hotel.
turn构成的常见短语
10. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. （教材P38 2b）
lively /'la vl / adj. 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的
lively意为“生气勃勃的，（色彩）鲜艳的”， 可修饰人或物，用作定语或表语。
She is a lively girl and popular with everyone.
alive意为“活着的”，用于修饰人或动植物，常作表语、补足语或后置定语。
She does not know if he is alive or dead.
11. It takes several weeks to complete everything. （教材P38 2b）
complete /k m'pli:t/ v. 完成
complete作及物动词，其同义词是finish。
Have you completed your composition
complete还可作形容词，意为“完整的；完全的”。其副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”。
He made a complete sentence with the new word.
To my surprise, he has completely forgotten the pleasant trip.
综合提升变式练习
一、单项选择
1．They had dinner in a ________ /'t p kl/ Chinese restaurant.
A．typical B．traffic C．terrible D．thankful
2．Kate and Mary do some reading every afternoon to ________ their Chinese.
A．complete B．suggest C．protect D．improve
3．— Are all the students in your school from ________
— No. Only a small number of them are ________.
A．Germany; Germans B．German; Germany
C．Germany; Germen D．Germen; Germany
4．—Boys and girls, traffic rules should be ________ traffic accidents.
—Thanks, Mr. Li.
A．paid attention to avoid B．paid attention to to avoiding
C．paid attention to avoiding D．paid attention to to avoid
5．As a basketball hero, Kobe Bryant is admired ________ millions of people ________ his achievements, as well as his spirit.
A．for; by B．by; for C．by; as D．as; for
6．Mr. Green’s lessons are so ________ that the whole class enjoys working with him.
A．lively B．meaningless C．usual D．traditional
7．Linda had so little ________ because she must finish homework last night.
A．heat B．sleep C．force D．energy
8．—When shall we begin our trip
—We will set out ________ our headteacher arrives.
A．ever since B．as soon as C．so that D．even though
9．He has talked a lot about it. I don’t understand everything he said, but I understand his ________ idea.
A．personal B．common C．complete D．general
10．You’ll have to ________ the books because there aren’t enough for everyone.
A．pack B．share C．choose
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．For further (process), the coco beans will be sent to big factories in other cities.
12．Human population growth will be probably the most serious problem if it (not solve) properly.
13．The geography teacher said that nearly three quarters of the earth (cover)
with water．
14． is a developed country in Europe. It has made a lot of high-technology products. (German)
15．It is reported that the new bridge (complete) at the end of this month.
16．She is a (live) girl.
17．Yesterday evening he (process) his product.
18．China is (widely) known as the workshop of the world and getting better at making hi-tech products.
19．This middle school (name) after a famous person.
20．Get up early tomorrow, and you can avoid (arrive ) there late.
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参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：他们在一家典型的中餐馆吃了晚饭。
考查语音知识。typical/'t p kl/典型的；traffic/ tr f k/交通；terrible/ ter bl/可怕的；thankful/ θ kfl/感谢的。根据题干中音标提示“/'t p kl/”可知此处用typical，a typical Chinese restaurant一家典型的中餐馆。故选A。
2．D
【详解】句意：凯特和玛丽每天下午读些书来提高他们的中文。
考查动词辨析。complete完成；suggest建议；protect保护；improve提高。根据“do some reading”可知，读书的目的是为了提高中文，故选D。
3．A
【详解】句意：——你们学校所有的学生都来自德国吗？——不，只有一小部分是德国人。
考查名词辨析。Germany德国；German德国人，复数形式为Germans。be from+地点，表示来自……，所以第一空填Germany；系动词是are，所以第二空填复数，故选A。
4．D
【详解】句意：——同学们，要注意交通规则以避免交通事故。——谢谢你，李老师。
考查非谓语动词。pay attention to注意，该短语中的to为介词，该短语和其前主语traffic rules构成被动关系，主语traffic rules作介词to的承受者；to avoid traffic accidents中的to为动词不定式符号，在此处表目的，在句中作目的状语，故选D。
5．B
【详解】句意：作为一个篮球英雄，科比·布莱恩特被上百万的人仰慕，不仅仅因为他的成就而且因为他的精神。
考查介词用法。by用于被动句中表示“被”；admire sb. for sth.因……而羡慕某人，固定用法。故选B。
6．A
【详解】句意：格林先生的课如此生动，以至于全班同学都喜欢和他一起学习。
考查形容词词义辨析。lively生动的；meaningless没有意义的；usual通常的；traditional传统的。根据“the whole class enjoys working with him.”可知，格林先生的课很生动。故选A。
7．D
【详解】句意：琳达几乎没有精力，因为她昨晚必须完成作业。
考查名词辨析。heat温度；sleep睡觉；force力量；energy精力。根据“she must finish homework last night.”可知，琳达几乎没有精力。故选D。
8．B
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候开始旅行 ——班主任一到我们就出发。
考查从属连词辨析。ever since从那时起；as soon as一……就……；so that以便；even though虽然、即使。根据“We will set out”我们将会出发，以及“our headteacher arrives.”我们的班主任到达，可知是班主任一到我们就出发，用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选B。
9．D
【详解】句意：他谈了很多。我不明白他所说的所有东西，但我能理解他的大体意思。
考查形容词辨析。personal个人的；common普通的；complete完全的；general一般的，大体的。由“I don’t understand everything he said, but I understand his ... idea.”可知，我不明白他所说的所有东西，但我能明白他大体想表达什么；general idea大意。故选D。
10．B
【详解】句意：你们得合用这些书，因为不够每个人用的。
考查动词辨析。pack打包；share分享；choose选择。根据“because there aren’t enough for everyone”可知，不够用，所以要分享，故选B。
11．processing
【详解】句意：为了更深的加工，可可豆被送到另一个城市的大工厂里。根据processing加工，根据the coco beans will be sent to big factories in other cities.可知是加工；故填processing。
12．isn’t solved
【详解】句意：如果人类人口增长没有合适地解决，它将可能是一个非常严重的问题。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时，且主语it与谓语solve之间为被动关系，故填isn’t solved。
13．is covered
【详解】句意：地理老师说地球将近四分之三被水覆盖。be covered with被……所覆盖。nearly three quarters of the earth ________ (cover) with water 是客观事实要用一般现在时态，句子的主语是单数earth，故填is covered
14．Germany
【详解】句意：德国是欧洲的发达国家。它制造了许多高科技产品。根据“...is a developed country”可知此处指“德国”，German“德语，德国人”改为Germany“德国”。故填Germany。
15．will be completed
【详解】句意：据报道，新桥将于本月底竣工。the new bridge是complete这一动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；根据at the end of this month可知本句时态用一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will+be+动词过去分词，complete的过去分词是completed；故答案填will be completed。
16．lively
【详解】句意：她是一个活泼的女孩。句中“girl”为名词，意为“女孩”，应用形容词修饰；live的形容词形式为lively，意为“活泼的，可爱的”。故填lively。
17．processed
【详解】句意：昨天晚上他加工了他的产品。process动词“加工”，句中有明显的表示过去的时间Yesterday evening，所以句子用一般过去时，process的过去式为processed，故填processed。
18．widely
【详解】句意：众所周知，中国是世界工厂，在高科技产品的制造方面也越来越好。设空处修饰后面的谓语动词，因此应填入一个副词形式，widely“广泛地”，副词，符合题意，故填widely。
19．is named
【详解】句意：这所中学是以一位名人的名字命名的。根据句意可知，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；且句子是一般现在时，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“This middle school”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；name的过去分词是named。故填is named。
20．arriving
【详解】句意：明天早起，你就可以避免迟到。根据句意可知考查固定搭配avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，所以此处应用动词arrive的动名词形式arriving，故填arriving。
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