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重庆市巴南区2023-2024学年高二上学期12月期中考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why was the man late for work
A. He was stuck in traffic,
B. He had a traffic accident.
C. His car broke down on the road.
2. Where is the woman probably from
A. Peru. B. Britain. C. Mexico.
3. What is the man doing
A. Placing an order,
B. Complaining about an item.
C. Inquiring about a delivery service.
4. What do we know about Jim
A. He has a leg injury.
B. He withdrew from the football team.
C. He spent his holiday with his teammates.
5. Who might Lily be
A. The woman’s babysitter. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s child.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答吋间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What was the woman doing when it started raining
A. She was walking home. B. She was playing football, C. She was chatting with a friend.
7. What did the woman fail to do
A. Find a shelter B. Contact her mom, C. See the lightning.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When does the conversation take place
A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon.
9. Why doesn’t the man go to the conference room now
A. He needs to meet the clients.
B. He is working on another task.
C. He has checked the heater before.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the woman doing
A. Borrowing a tent. B. Packing a tent. C. Returning a tent.
11. What is the woman’s motivation for climbing
A. To have fun. B. To improve her fitness. C. To get close to nature.
12. Where will the speakers do rock climbing together
A. At a gym. B. In the wild C. At a climbing center.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What happened to the woman at the beginning
A. She lost her phone.
B. She couldn’t find the way.
C. She was trapped in heavy snow.
14. Why did the woman turn off the engine
A. The car was running out of gas,
B. She stopped to answer a call.
C. The engine couldn’t work properly.
15. How did the woman keep warm
A. By drinking hot tea. B. By using the car heater. C. By having more clothes on.
16. What did the emergency services do
A. They called an ambulance,
B. They led the woman to her home.
C. They helped the woman go to the main road.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which requirement is first mentioned
A. The age limit. B. Police records. C. References.
18. Who can be a reference for the applicants
A. Police officers. B. Their former bosses. C. Their relatives.
19. What should the reference be about
A. Work performance. B. Work habits. C. Work experience.
20. What will be at the volunteers1 own expense
A. Dinners. B. Phone calls. C. Transportation.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Amazing women in history
Murasaki Shikibu
Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the world’s first novelist. She was a noble woman living in Japan around the year 1,000 AD. She wrote a novel called The Tale of Genji, which tells a riches-to-rags story about the son of a Japanese emperor forced to live as a commoner. The Tale of Genji is widely considered to be a masterpiece of Japanese literature. Shikibu also wrote a book of poetry.
Maria Sibylla Merian
Born in Germany in 1647, Merian was fascinated by insects, and began collecting, studying and drawing them when she was as young as 13. She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects. It was through her study of caterpillars that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. She made a major contribution to the field of entomology (昆虫学).
Ada Lovelace
Lovelace was the world’s first computer programmer. She was working to design early computing machines that she hoped would be able to quickly solve math problems. In addition to designing this early computer program, she was also the first to suggest that computers should be able to do more than calculating. She imagined them doing everything, from producing images to composing music.
Lucy Stone
Born in 1818, Stone married an activist and changed her name, but decided to change it back a year later. She held the belief that a wife shouldn’t take her husband’s name. She became the first American married woman to keep her maiden name for her entire life. Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fought for the ending of slavery.
21. What do we know about Murasaki Shikibu
A. She was once very rich. B. She was once a commoner.
C. She was a novelist and poet. D. She liked researching living things.
22. Who made a contribution to the development of human rights
A. Murasaki Shikibu. B. Maria Sibylla Merian.
C. Ada Lovelace. D. Lucy Stone.
23. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text
A. They are pioneers. B. They are science-lovers.
C. They are highly educated. D. They are highly ambitious.
B
In my early teens, I was once given a film camera as a gift. On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife. I was out all day. On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its splendour. Rushing home, I popped the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it came out. I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing.
As I grew into adulthood, that simple, deep happiness gradually faded away. One weekend when I was busy answering the work calls, my eyes caught a box in the corner of the room. I suddenly felt a sense of sadness. The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. I thought I needed a change.
I took out the camera and dusted it down. It was a great joy that it still worked. I bought new film and took the camera everywhere I went. Now it is always on hand to accompany me on journeys, to allow me time to myself. Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me.
The wall of my room now holds all my camera equipment along with photos I’ve taken. To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.
24. What did the author think of taking photos as a young boy
A. Inspiring and practical. B. Troublesome yet delightful.
C. Complicated yet engaging. D. Thrilling and rewarding.
25. What prevented the author from taking photos according to paragraph 2
A. He was struck by sudden sorrow.
B. He was faced with increasing pressure.
C. He intended to focus on his work
D. He attempted to behave like an adult.
26. What did the author get from picking up his hobby
A. More enjoyment in the daily routine. B. New journeys in the wild.
C. Better skills of observation. D. Different styles of photography.
27. What is the best title for the text
A. Revisiting Lost Childhood Memories
B. Appreciating Beauty Behind the Lens
C. Regaining Pleasure Through Photography
D. Escaping Teenage Sadness with Camera
C
In the 1950s, British historian Northeaster Parkinson came up with a concept which was later known as Parkinson’s Law of Triviality. It states that the amount of time spent discussing an issue in an organization is oppositely associated with its actual importance.
Parkinson’s Law of Triviality is also known as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the story Parkinson uses to illustrate it. He asks readers to imagine a financial committee meeting to discuss a three-point agenda. The points are as follows: A proposal for a￡10 million nuclear power plant; A proposal for a￡350 bike shed; A proposal for a￡21 annual coffee budget.
What happens The committee ends up running through the nuclear power plant proposal in little time. It’s too advanced for anyone to really dig into the details. The discussion soon moves to the bike shed. Here, everyone’s an expert. In the end, the committee runs out of time and decides to meet again to complete their analysis.
Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no genuine value to add. When something is outside of our circle of competence, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is comprehensible, everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand.
How can we avoid bike-shedding The main thing you can do is to have a clear purpose. Priya Parker, the author of The Art of Gathering: How We Meet and Why It Matters, says that any successful gathering needs to have a focused purpose. “Specificity,” she says, “is a crucial element.”
When it comes to choosing your list of invitees, Parker writes, “if the purpose of your meeting is to make a decision, you may want to consider having fewer cooks in the kitchen.” Getting the result you want - a thoughtful, educated discussion about that power plant - depends on having the right people in the room.
28. What is Parkinson’s purpose of presenting the imaginary meeting
A. To state a fact. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To make a prediction. D. To make a comparison.
29. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. The more you know, the less you speak.
B. What is simple for you may be tough for others.
C. What requires more work may get less attention.
D. The more you put in, the better your result will be.
30. Which is the author’s suggestion for a successful meeting
A. Planning before the meeting.
B. Getting the right people to the table.
C. Spending less time on the minor issues.
D. Taking different opinions into account.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Purpose: The Key to an Effective Meeting
B. Talent: A Crucial Element in Organizations
C. The Bike Shed Effect: Avoiding Small Matters
D. Nuclear Power Plant: The Less-known Proposal
D
With a new technique, scientists have essentially figured out how to create power from thin air. They have designed a tiny device that generates electricity from the air’s humidity (湿气), and it can be made from nearly any material, scientists reported in the journal Advanced Materials.
The invention involves two electrodes (电极) and a thin layer of material, which must be covered with tiny holes less than 100 nanometers (纳米) in diameter. The whole process resembles the way clouds make electricity, which we see in the form of lightning. “The air contains an enormous amount of electricity,” says Jun Yao, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering in the College of Engineering at UMass Amherst. “Think of a cloud, which is nothing more than a mass of water drops. Each of those drops contains a charge, and when conditions are right, the cloud can produce lightning. What we’ve done is to create a human-built, small-scale ‘cloud’.”
Scientists have previously tried using humidity to generate electricity, but their attempts have often only worked for a short amount of time or relied on expensive materials. But now, the new study shows that such materials aren’t necessary-just about any material works, such as wood or silicon, as long as it is covered with the ultra-small holes. This finding makes producing the device much more practical. “It turns an initially narrow window to a wide-open door for broad potential,” said Yao.
Currently, the fingernail-sized device can only create continuous electricity equal to a fraction of a volt. But the researchers hope it can someday become a practical, sustainable source of power.“ The entire Earth is covered with a thick layer of humidity,” Yao said. “It’s an enormous source of clean energy. This is just the beginning in making use of that.” Next, the researchers want to try stacking (堆叠) the devices on top of each other to produce more energy.
32. What is the new technique intended for
A. Measuring air humidity. B. Storing renewable electricity.
C. Generating power from the air. D. Tracing the moving water molecules.
33. Why does Yao mention “cloud” in paragraph 2
A. To show the functions of the new device.
B. To explain the working principle of the invention.
C. To prove the advantages of the thin layer of material.
D. To present the influence of bad weather on the device.
34. What is essential for the material according to the new study
A. It can work for a long time. B. It is made from wood or silicon.
C. It is covered with tiny holes. D. It should be as thin as fingernails.
35. What will the follow-up study focus on
A. How to create more electricity. B. How to make the material durable.
C. How to reduce the cost of the material. D. How to produce the device on a large scale.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever started an exercise with good faith and enthusiasm, only to be met with disappointment as the scale goes past the weight you started with, you may have had a question: Why does exercise make me gain weight 36 Any post-workout weight gain is most likely the combination of a few factors.
While exercise plays a role in weight control, the other side of the coin is food intake. 37 At this time it’s worthwhile to review the quantity and quality of the food you’re eating. Their post-exercise weight gain could be explained by what and how much you’re eating.
38 If you’re not used to a good workout and then exercise a lot, you could end up making your muscle fibers suffer microtears (微撕裂). It’s the reason why your muscles ache the next day, but over time it leads to muscle growth. However, these microtears can cause swelling (肿胀). 39 In effect, this increased water can be another explanation for after-exercise weight gain.
The other potential explanation comes down to the amount of blood. When you do aerobic exercise, there may be an increase in blood volume, which is essentially an increase in aerobic capacity. Aerobic capacity is a measurement of the maximum amount of oxygen your body can consume while exercising. Muscles need oxygen supplied by blood. 40
What all of this means is that people who have started to work out properly shouldn’t be discouraged from continuing, even if they gain a little weight.
A. You should do exercise.
B. The answer is many-sided.
C. A person notices his weight increasing.
D. When they eat pizza, they’re eating slowly.
E. This in turn leads to extra water staying in the body.
F. There are a few other biological reasons for the weight gain.
G. So the more oxygen a person can consume, the better their strength.
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The other day, veterinarian (兽医) David Wise was called to a small village in Turkey to attend to a client’s cow. He hadn’t planned on 41 long. But what began as just a routine visit ended as one David won’t soon 42 .
After wrapping up the job he’d come for, David was about to 43 the village. Before he did, however, something in the distance 44 his eye. There, trudging (跋步) toward him on a path thick with snow, was a(n) 45 girl. And she was not 46 . On her back was a dog. 47 , word had gotten around that a vet would come and that 48 an opportunity which the girl, 8-year-old Cemre Su TiirkBz, refused to pass up.
Cemre’s dog, named Pamuk, had fallen 49 . Desperate to get him help, she decided to carry Pamuk more than a mile from her home to the spot she’d 50 that David would be visiting.
David, of course, couldn’t turn Cemre and Pamuk away. While the little girl 51 David performed a(n) 52 . Fortunately, the dog’ s sickness wasn’t all too 53 . David found Pamuk just had some skin 54 that were making him uncomfortable, but could easily be treated.
Cemre and her dog had gotten 55 , but they also got a friend. David didn’t charge Cemre for his services that day. Just seeing her love and devotion to Pamuk was the best payment he could ask for. David has been back to check on Cemre and Pamuk, ensuring that they never need to brave the snow again to get whatever help he provided. It’s the least he could do, considering the efforts she’ d made to find him.
41. A. surviving B. driving C. staying D. waiting
42. A. face B. analyse C. forget D. agree
43. A. save B. leave C. discover D. approach
44. A. caught B. hurt C. escaped D. changed
45. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. little
46. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. busy
47. A. Frequently B. Instantly C. Apparently D. Importantly
48. A. presented B. deserved C. wasted D. required
49. A. asleep B. flat C. silent D. sick
50. A. promised B. heard C. suggested D. admitted
51. A. passed by B. lay down C. grew up D. looked on
52. A. study B. examination C. operation D. play
53. A. serious B. similar C. rare D. real
54. A. types B. products C. issues D. colors
55. A. help B. food C. shelter D. respect
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai, 56 (welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary. 57 time went by, there was an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary.
A 19-year-old Hungary girl, Varge Bonita, 58 Chinese name is Hu Lingyue, traveled thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China. She 59 (fall) in love with Chinese, a language with “ 60 special tone and beautiful handwriting” when she began to first hear Chinese at the age of seven. For her, learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language, but providing access 61 Chinese history of 5,000 years with so many interesting aspects. With the 62 (popular) of Chinese in Hungary, signs in Chinese have been more and more 63 (common) seen in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to 64 (spot) on bus tickets selling machines.
Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer. The horizon is vast. There are 65 (end) possibilities which have not been explored.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你校校报要开办一个有关绿色食品的新栏目，请就此写一篇文章投稿。内容包括：
1.绿色食品大受欢迎的原因；
2.你对该现象的看法。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Our family had lived in our old house near a place called Two Rivers for long. After my husband found a new job in St. Bethlehem, we decided to move there. And my task was to have a house built for us there.
Every morning, I would drive to St. Bethlehem with my two kids to check the progress of our new house being built by workers. If we were lucky, we would be in our new house before Thanksgiving. And we would make new memories.
The days passed and the house rose. Shortly before Thanksgiving, we decided to move. We put our dog Barney into our car. Our large long-haired brown cat named Q didn’t want to leave our old house where he had stayed for long. Each time we put him into our car, he escaped into the house. Finally, we put him into a pet cage in our car. And we waved goodbye to our old house that had recorded our many wonderful memories.
After we reached our new house, Barney quickly fit in. But Q was restless and nervous. Fearing he’d escape, I put him in his cage in the basement of our new home. And I told everyone not to let the cat go out of the cage.
Well, it happened anyway. Somehow, Q disappeared. Thanksgiving seemed dull. There was no Q enjoying food with us. Q was my kids’ special friend, and losing him hurt them a lot.
The day after Thanksgiving, a neighbor telephoned me, saying someone had broken a window of our old house and that there was a big hole in it. And he added that blood and brown hair were all over the window. Then, I knew Q, our large cat, must have somehow found his way back and broken in. It was a seven-mile journey. I was excited and also worried. Would he still be there Could he find his way back to our new home if he missed us Was he wounded by the broken glass
注意：续写的词数应为150左右。
Hurriedly, I drove to our old house together with my kids.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We quickly took Q to the doctor.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英语参考答案
听力：1—5：ABCAC 6—10：ACABC 11—15：BCBAC 16—20：CABBA
阅读：21—25：CDADB 26—30：ACBCB 31—35：CCBCA 36—40：BCFEG
完型：41—45：CCBAD 46—50：BCADB 51—55；DBACA
语法填空：
56. welcoming 57. As 58. whose 59. fell 60. a
61. to 62. popularity monly 64. be spotted 65. endless
应用文写作：
Green food is more and more popular, not only in urban areas, but in rural areas as well. lt is estimated that there are various reasons. For example, the idea of eating healthily puts down deep roots. Besides, the extension of organic land has made it possible for more people to access green food. Most importantly, now that organic land is farmed without pesticides and chemical fertilizers, green food is both nutritious and tasty.
As far as l am concerned, green food has a high price because of its low output, so alternative food is also a good choice.
读后续写：
Paragraph 1:
Upon arrival, we entered the house quickly to look for Q but didn’t find him. Then, we hurried out and searched the woods nearby, thinking Q might be sleeping or catching mice somewhere there. However, we still had no luck and returned, disappointed. To our amazement, two days later, Q reached our new house. He somehow found his way back. But his leg was wounded because of the broken glass.
Paragraph 2:
We quickly took Q to the doctor. In the clinic, the doctor said it was no big deal and then handled his wounds. After we returned home, the cat wasn’t in high spirits. Even after he recovered, he just stayed on the sofa, having no interest in our new home. One day, he escaped to our old house again but later returned. To our joy, gradually, he wandered around our new house curiously and cheerfully. Finally, he adapted to the new house and our life returned to normal.
解析：
A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位历史上了不起的女士。
21. 细节理解题。根据Murasaki Shikibu部分中的“Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the world’s first novelist.(Murasaki Shikibu是一位日本女性，被广泛认为是世界上第一位小说家)”和“Shikibu also wrote a book of poetry.(Shikibu还写了一本诗集。)”可知，Murasaki Shikibu是小说家和诗人。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据Lucy Stone部分中的“Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fought for the ending of slavery.(Stone还是美国平等权利协会的创始成员之一，为结束奴隶制而战)”可知，Lucy Stone为人权的发展做出了贡献，故选D。
23. 推理判断题。根据 Murasaki Shikibu部分“Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the world’s first novelist.(Murasaki Shikibu是一位日本女性，被广泛认为是世界上第一位小说家)”；根据Maria Sibylla Merian部分“She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects.(她是当时为数不多的真正研究活昆虫的博物学家之一)”；根据Ada Lovelace部分“Lovelace was the world’s first computer programmer.(洛夫蕾丝是世界上第一个计算机程序员)”；根据Lucy Stone部分“She became the first American married woman to keep her maiden name for her entire life.Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fought for the ending of slavery.(她成为美国第一个终生保留婚前姓氏的已婚妇女。Lucy Stone也是美国平等权利协会的创始成员之一，为结束奴隶制而斗)”可推知，这几位女性都是先驱。故选A。
B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢拍照，后来作者的压力越来越大，这使得他放弃了拍照，偶然间作者看到了角落里的照相机，作者重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。
24. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing. (那时我拍了很多照片，当你冲洗你的胶卷时，你会得到彩色照片，这一事实让我很高兴，它冻结了那些珍贵的时刻，温柔地鼓励了我的爱好和为冲洗而支付的费用。)”可推断，对于作者小时候拍照这件事，作者觉得这是令人兴奋且值得的。故选D。
25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. (这些年来不断增长的压力把相机从我的枕头旁推到了角落里的盒子里。)”可知，作者面临的压力越来越大，这使得作者停止了拍照。故选B。
26. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me. (即使一天很满很忙，我也能抓住一些时间给自己拍照，观察周围的世界。)”和第四段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.(对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”可知，作者通过重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。故选A。
27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight. (对我来说，这个房间代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通过重新连接我搁置的年轻的自己，通过在我的生活中为快乐留出空间，通过创造一个允许快乐机会的环境。)”可知，文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢拍照，后来作者的压力越来越大，这使得他放弃了拍照，偶然间作者看到了角落里的照相机，作者重新开始拍照，在繁忙的日程中获得了乐趣。所以C项“Regaining Pleasure Through Photography(通过摄影重新获得乐趣)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Northeaster Parkinson提出的帕金森琐碎定律。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Parkinson’s Law of Triviality is also known as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the story Parkinson uses to illustrate it. He asks readers to imagine a financial committee meeting to discuss a three-point agenda.(Parkinson的帕金森琐碎定律也被称为bike-shedding，以帕金森用来说明它的故事命名。他让读者想象一个财务委员会开会讨论三点议程。)”可知，Parkinson提出假想会议的目的是澄清一个概念。故选B。
29. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no real value to add. When something is outside of our circle of competence, like a nuclear power plant, we don’t even try to express an opinion. But when something is understandable everyone wants to show that they know about the topic at hand.(Bike-shedding会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可言。当事情超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会试图表达意见。但是当某件事是可以理解的时候，每个人都想表明他们了解手头的话题。)”可知，需要付出更多努力的事情可能得到的关注更少。故选C。
30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Getting the result you want—a thoughtful, educated discussion about that power plant—depends on having the right people in the room.(想要得到你想要的结果——一场关于电厂的深思熟虑的、有知识的讨论——取决于是否有合适的人在场。)”可知，作者对会议成功的建议是把合适的人请到会议桌前。故选B。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the more people will have an opinion on it, even when there is no real value to add.(Bike-shedding之所以会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有真正的价值可言。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Northeaster Parkinson提出的帕金森琐碎定律，也称为bike-shedding，因此最好的题目是C选项“The Bike Shed Effect: Avoiding Small Matters(自行车棚效应：避免小事)”。故选C。
D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们找到了如何从空气中产生电能的方法。
32. 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“They have designed a tiny device that generates electricity from the air's humidity (湿气), and it can be made from nearly any material, scientists reported in the journal Advanced Materials. (科学家们在《先进材料》杂志上报道说，他们设计了一种可以利用空气湿度发电的微型装置，它几乎可以由任何材料制成)”可知，这项新技术的用途是利用空气中发电。故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The whole process resembles the way clouds make electricity, which we see in the form of lightning. (整个过程类似于云产生电的方式，也就是我们看到的闪电)”和第二段中Jun Yao所说的话“Think of a cloud, which is nothing more than a mass of water drops. Each of those drops contains a charge, and when conditions are right, the cloud can produce lightning. What we’ve done is to create a human-built, small-scale ‘cloud’. (想想一朵云，它只不过是一团水滴。每一滴水都含有电荷，当条件合适时，云可以产生闪电。我们所做的是创造一个人造的、小规模的‘云’)”可知，这个发明工作的原理类似于云产生闪电的机制。由此可知，姚军提到云是为了解释发明的工作原理。故选B。
34. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But now, the new study shows that such materials aren’t necessary-just about any material works, such as wood or silicon, as long as it is covered with the ultra-small holes. (但现在，这项新研究表明，这种材料并不是必需的——任何材料都可以，比如木头或硅，只要上面覆盖着超小的孔)”可知，新的研究表明，覆盖着超小孔是任何材料所必需的。故选C。
35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next, the researchers want to try stacking (堆叠) the devices on top of each other to produce more energy. (接下来，研究人员想要尝试将这些设备堆叠起来，以产生更多的能量)”可知，接下来的研究将关注如何产生更多的电能。故选A。
七选五【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了运动后体重增加的原因。
36. 上文“Why does exercise make me gain weight (为什么运动让我变胖了？)”提出问题，B项“The answer is many-sided.(答案是多方面的。)”回答问题，同时句中“many-sided”照应下文中“a few factors”，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
37. 根据下文“At this time it’s worthwhile to review the quantity and quality of the food you’re eating.(在这个时候，回顾一下你吃的食物的数量和质量是值得的。)”中“At this time”可推知，设空句中会创设一种需要去回顾自己食物数量和质量的情景，C项“A person notices his weight increasing.(一个人注意到他的体重在增加。)”符合语境，因为注意到体重增加，所有需要回顾自己食物数量和质量，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
38. 根据上文“Their post-exercise weight gain could be explained by what and how much you’re eating.(他们运动后的体重增加可以用你吃什么和吃多少来解释。)”可知，第二段中从食物的角度解释了为什么运动后的体重会增加。F项“There are a few other biological reasons for the weight gain.(体重增加还有其他一些生物学上的原因。)”承接上文，提出导致体重增加的其它原因，与第二段构成并列关系。同时，下文“If you’re not used to a good workout and then exercise a lot, you could end up making your muscle fibers suffer microtears (微撕裂). It’s the reason why your muscles ache the next day, but over time it leads to muscle growth...(如果你不习惯良好的锻炼，然后大量锻炼，你可能会让你的肌肉纤维遭受微撕裂。这就是为什么你的肌肉第二天会疼痛，但随着时间的推移，它会导致肌肉生长……)”正是从生物学的角度来分析体重增加的原因。故选F项。
39. 根据下文“In effect, this increased water can be another explanation for after-exercise weight gain.(实际上，这种增加的水分可以解释运动后体重增加的另一个原因。)”中“this increased water”可知设空句中会提到这种增加的水分是什么，E项“This in turn leads to extra water staying in the body.(这反过来又会导致多余的水分留在体内。)”说明了水分的来源，句中“extra water”与下文“this increased water”相照应。故选E项。
40. 上文“Muscles need oxygen supplied by blood.(肌肉需要血液提供氧气。)”提出血液需要氧气，G项“So the more oxygen a person can consume, the better their strength.(所以一个人消耗的氧气越多，他们的力量就越强。)”承接上文，说明氧气的作用：增强肌肉力量，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
完型【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一个8岁的小女孩Cemre Su TiirkBz为了给小狗看病，在雪地里走一英里去寻求兽医David的帮助，这件事情让David难以忘怀。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没打算待太久。A. surviving幸存；B. driving驾驶；C. staying停留；D. waiting等待。根据上文中的“The other day, veterinarian (兽医) David Wise was called to a small village in Turkey to attend to a client’s cow.”可知，兽医David被叫去照顾一头奶牛，他没打算“停留”很长时间。故选C项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一开始只是一次例行的拜访，却让David难以忘怀。A. face面对；B. analyse分析；C. forget忘记；D. agree同意。根据上文中的“But what began as just a routine visit ended as one”可知，本来一次开始的例行访问，最终却成为David难以“忘记”的时刻，其中的began与ended相反，表明结果与所预料的不同。故选C项。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：David完成了他来这儿的工作，准备离开村子。A. save节省；B. leave离开；C. discover发现；D. approach接近。根据常识和上文中的“After wrapping up the job he’d come for,”可知，在工作结束后应该是“离开”符合语境。故选B项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他走之前，远处有什么东西引起了他的注意。A. caught抓住；B. hurt伤害；C. escaped逃脱；D. changed改变。根据下文中的“There, trudging (跋步) toward him on a path thick with snow, was a(n) ____5____ girl.”可知，一个小女孩正沿着一条厚厚的雪道向他走来，由此可知，此处指的是远处有东西“引起他的注意”，catch one’s attention意为“引起注意”符合语境。故选A项。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，一个小女孩正沿着一条厚厚的雪道向他走来。A. honest诚实的；B. polite有礼貌的；C. rich富有的；D. little少的，小的。根据下文中的“While the little girl ____11____ David performed a(n) ____12____ .”可知，此处little girl前有定冠词the，所以此空处应是“小的”符合语境。故选D项。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她并不是独自一人。A. awake醒着的；B. alone单独的；C. hungry饿的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文中的“On her back was a dog.”可知，在小女孩的背上还有一只小狗，由此可知，此处指的是小女孩不是“独自的”符合语境。故选B项。
47. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，兽医会来的消息已经传开了，这给了这个8岁的女孩Cemre Su TiirkBz拒绝放弃的一个机会。A. Frequently频繁地，经常；B. Instantly立刻，马上；C. Apparently明显地；D. Importantly重要的。根据语境和下文中的“word had gotten around that a vet would come”以及“Desperate to get him help, she decided to carry Pamuk more than a mile from her home to the spot she’d ____10____ that David would be visiting.”可知，小女孩在一条厚厚的雪道上走了一英里来找兽医给小狗看病，是因为他听说兽医David要来，所以，兽医要来的消息已经传开了，此处指的是“显然地”符合语境。故选C项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，兽医会来的消息已经传开了，这给了这个8岁的女孩Cemre Su TiirkBz拒绝放弃的一个机会。A. presented产生，显露；B. deserved应得，应受；C. wasted浪费；D. required要求。根据上文中的“word had gotten around that a vet would come”可知，兽医要来的消息传开了，由此可知，这应该是给小女孩“产生”了一个小女孩不能放弃的机会。故选A项。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cemre的狗，名叫Pamuk，生病了。A. asleep睡着的；B. flat平的；C. silent沉默的；D. sick生病的。根据下文中的“Fortunately, the dog’ s sickness wasn’t all too ____13____ .”可知，此处指的是小狗是“生病的”符合语境。故选D项。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不顾一切地想要得到帮助，她决定把Pamuk从她的家带到一英里外她听说大卫要来的地方。A. promised承诺；B. heard听见，听闻；C. suggested建议；D. admitted承认。根据上文中的“word had gotten around that a vet would come”以及“Desperate to get him help, she decided to carry Pamuk more than a mile from her home to the spot”可知，小女孩听说有兽医要来，所以迫不及待的从家来到她“听闻”Divid会去的地方。故选B项。
51. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当小女孩在一边看着的时候，David做了一次检查。A. passed by经过；B. lay down放下；C. grew up成长；D. looked on旁观，看待。根据上文中的“David, of course, couldn’t turn Cemre and Pamuk away.”可知，Divid没有拒绝他们，结合下文中的“David performed a(n) ____12____ .”可知，David给小狗做了检查，此时的小女孩应该是在一旁“旁观”符合语境。故选D项。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当小女孩在一边看着的时候，David做了一次检查。A. study研究，学习；B. examination检测；C. operation手术，操作；D. play玩耍。根据下文中的“Fortunately, the dog’ s sickness wasn’t all too ____13____ .”可知，幸运地是，小狗的病情不严重，由此可知，此处指的是给小狗做了“检查”符合语境。故选B项。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，狗的病并不太严重。A. serious严重的；B. similar相似的；C. rare稀有的；D. real真的。根据上文中的“Fortunately”可知，小狗的病情并不是“严重的”符合语境。故选A项。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：David发现Pamuk只是有一些让他不舒服的皮肤问题，但很容易治疗。A. types种类；B. products产品；C. issues问题；D. colors颜色。根据下文中的“that were making him uncomfortable”可知，这种疾病使得小狗不舒服，由此可知，此处的疾病指的是皮肤“问题”符合语境。故选C项。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cemre和她的狗得到了帮助，但他们也得到了一个朋友。A. help帮助；B. food食物；C. shelter避难处；D. respect尊敬。根据上文中的“Desperate to get him help, she decided to carry Pamuk more than a mile from her home to the spot she’d ____10____ that David would be visiting.”小女孩是迫不及待的来到她听说David回去的地方给小狗寻求帮助，由此可知，此处指的是他们得到了“帮助”符合语境。故选A项。
语法填空【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了匈牙利女孩学习汉语的经历，同时在匈牙利，学习汉语的兴趣也越来越大。
56. 考查非谓语。句意：Petofi的雕像矗立在上海鲁迅博物馆前的广场上，为中匈两国的传统友谊欢迎数百万游客。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语stands，空格处的动词在句中作非谓语，与主语status（雕塑）之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此需使用现在分词在句中作状语。故填welcoming。
57. 考查介词。句意：随着时间的流逝。在匈牙利，学习汉语的兴趣越来越大。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语as time went by，意为“随着时间的流逝”，位于句首时首字母大写。故填As。
58. 考查定语从句。句意：19岁的匈牙利女孩Varge Bonita，中文名胡令月，不远万里来到东方，在北京开始了她的大学生活，希望能更多地了解中国。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词A 19-year-old Hungary girl指人，且从句中缺少定语，因此可使用关系代词whose在句中作定语。故填whose。
59. 考查时态。句意：7岁时，她第一次听到汉语时，就爱上了汉语，这是一种“声调特别，字迹优美”的语言。根据句中时间状语at the age of seven可知，该句陈述过去事实，主语she为单数形式，因此需使用一般过去时。故填fell。
60. 考查冠词。句意：7岁时，她第一次听到汉语时，就爱上了汉语，这是一种“声调特别，字迹优美”的语言。分析句子结构可知，此处指“一种语言”，表示泛指，special为辅音音素开头的单词，因此可使用不定冠词a进行修饰。故填a。
61. 考查介词。句意：对她来说，学习汉语不仅仅是掌握一门语言，而是了解中国5000年的历史，其中有很多有趣的方面。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语access to，意为“接近；接触”。故填to。
62. 考查名词。句意：随着汉语在匈牙利的普及，街道上的中文标志越来越多，公交车售票机上的汉字也越来越多。分析句子结构可知，定冠词the后接名词popularity（流行；普及）进行修饰。故填popularity。
63. 考查副词。句意：随着汉语在匈牙利的普及，街道上的中文标志越来越多，公交车售票机上最容易看到汉字。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用副词commonly（普遍地）在句中作状语修饰seen。故填commonly。
64. 考查被动语态。句意：随着汉语在匈牙利的普及，街道上的中文标志越来越多，公交车售票机上最容易看到汉字。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do sth.，意为“很可能做某事”，Chinese characters与spot（发现）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态。故填be spotted。
65. 考查形容词。句意：有无限的可能性尚未被探索。后文提到“possibilities which have not been explored possibilities which have not been explored”（可能性尚未被探索）“还有未被探索的可能性”说明还有很多可能性，即“无限的”，空处可使用形容词endless（无限的）作定语修饰名词possibilities（可能性）。故填endless。
听力原文：
Text 1
M: Getting to work in the morning seems to take longer each day. I was late again this morning.
W: Are you still driving in
M: Yes. The traffic was so bad in the morning. It’s just one traffic jam after another on the road (1).
a traffic jam 交通堵塞
Text 2
W: Have you noticed that people here in Mexico stand very close together
M: Yes. It’s the same in Peru too.
W: It’s the opposite in Britain. I was a little uncomfortable here at first (2). But after a few days, I’m gelling used to it.
Text 3
M: Hi, I ordered a book from Justin Lewis Iasi week. I was wondering if it has come in yet (3). My name is Peter Schneider.
W: Lei me check it for you, Mr. Schneider. Yes, the book has arrived this morning and should be ready for you to pick up this afternoon.
Text 4
W: Have you seen Jim since it happened
M: Yes. He was hoping to spend his holiday touring with his football team but he had to pull out.
W: When will he be able to play again
M: It takes months for a broken leg lo recover fully (4).
pull out从某事物中退出
Text 5
W: I wish I had more time to spend with Lily. She has to go to a babysitter every morning.
M: It’s tough when you work so much.
W: Well, sometimes I have to ask my boss for a leave lo look after her (5).
babysitter临时保姆：（居家）保姆
Text 6
M: Did you see that thunderstorm yesterday afternoon The lightning was amazing.
W: I was walking home from football practice when the rain started (6).
M: It was really heavy.
W: Yeah. When it began I’d just left the sports center, so I was able to go back and take cover inside. I called my mum to say I’d be home late. Anyway, I met a friend who was still there so we just chatted and waited till it was over. Shame I missed seeing the lightning though (7). I heard ii was very impressive.
shame遗憾
Text 7
W: Oh, Jeremy, there you arc. Have you had a chance to check out the problem I mentioned yesterday I think there’s an issue with the heater in the conference room.
M: Ah ... not yet. I’ve been setting up the new workspaces for the part-time workers we recently hired (9).
W: I’m planning to host our visiting clients in that room this afternoon, so I’ll change the location if it’s still cold in there.
M: OK, I’ll get to the conference room as soon as I finish.
W: Great. And let me know if it can’t be fixed by noon (8).
Text 8
W: Thanks for letting me borrow the lent, Sam (10).
M: No problem, Tara. I was worried it’d be too small.
W: It was a little tight but we managed. We’ll have to get a big one for next time. Anyway, it was a great camping trip!
M: Are you going again soon
W: No, we’re practicing our rock climbing for a little while to get into shape (11).
M: It’s great for building strength! Me and Shelly do ii at the climbing center just out of town. It’s fun solving the puzzle of how to get up, and exciting too!
W: True that! My gym has a practice wall but we’d like to do it in the wild one day!
M: I have a guide I can recommend. He’ll take you to the best climbing spot and it has all the equipment too!
W: Great! Do you want to practice together
M: Sure, I’m going with Shelly at 6 pm tonight.
W: Excellent. I’ll meet you at the center then! (12)
Text 9
M: So Olivia, tell us how that happened.
W: Well, when I was driving in the mountain road, I took a wrong turning and got completely lost (13).
M: Was that frightening
W: Yeah. While I was trying to decide how to get back to the main road, some heavy snow started coming down.
M: I was quite certain it wouldn’t last long. It was March in Italy.
W: I wasn’t worried at first, but I didn’t have much petrol left so I switched off the engine (14). I tried to phone for help but couldn’t get through.
M: How did you stay warm With the car heater
W: That meant having the engine on so I only used it a bit. Instead I got all of my jumpers and trousers from my suitcases and wore them all night (15). I was still frozen, though, and wished I had some coffee or tea with me.
M: So you spent the whole night inside the car
W: Yes. I managed to contact the emergency services finally. They knew my location from my phone signal. They’d called to ask if I needed an ambulance and luckily I didn’t need it, so they just cleared the snow and led me along the road back to the main road (16).
Text 10
M: Continuing our broadcast of public service announcements, Worldwide Helpers announces upcoming openings for a number of volunteer worker positions. All applicants must meet the following requirements.
First of all, applicants must be over 18 years of age (17). The company apologizes, but there can be no exceptions to this rule. Second, people interested in these positions may not have police records. A parking ticket and things like that are, of course, no problem. The employer will, of course, check with the police to confirm your clean record.
In addition, applicants must supply references from past or present employers or teachers along with their recent CV (18). These references must be relevant to the applicant’s work habits (19). Remember, these are references from employers or teachers. A note from your dear old Mum won’t do. Worldwide Helpers assures me that they will contact these references to confirm they are genuine.
Although all positions are volunteers, the employer will cover some of your expenses. For example, they will pay for transportation to and from the job site. Aside from that, the cost of phone calls is covered. But I’m sorry to say that you have to have dinner at your own home (20).

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