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2023-2024学年高二上学期英语人教版（2019）期末达标测试卷B卷
考试时间：120分钟
满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What's the possible relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter.
B. Mother and son.
C. Husband and wife.
2. How much did the woman spend on the dress
A. 40 dollars. B. 10 dollars. C. 50 dollars.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. On a farm. B. At a fruit market. C. At customs.
4. What does the woman want to be
A. A guide. B. A nurse. C. A teacher.
5. Why was the man upset
A. He was late for work.
B. He made his manager annoyed.
C. He argued with his colleagues.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6. What do the speakers want to do
A. Go around the city.
B. Find something to eat.
C. Find a hotel.
7. What do the speakers want to buy
A. A bike. B. A car. C. A map.
听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。
8. Why is the woman a little confused
A. She doesn't know places.
B. The man asks her two places.
C. She doesn't know the man.
9. Where will the man want to go
A. To a post office.
B. To a middle school.
C. To a supermarket.
10. How far is it from the No.13 Middle School to the post office
A.100 meters. B.115 meters. C.150 meters.
听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。
11. What did the man ask the woman to do
A. Take a break. B. Take more pictures.
C. Show him the photos.
12. Why did the man complain
A. The beach was dirty. B. There were no pictures of him.
C. The weather was bad.
13. What can we learn from the conversation
A. The woman is very selfish.
B. The man will copy his pictures into his PC
C. The speakers are on vacation.
听第9段材料，回答第14-17题。
14. What does the man have trouble with
A. His job. B. His study. C. His friends.
15. How many people are there working on the project in all
A. Five. B. Six. C. Eleven.
16. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Ask others for advice.
B. Work hard on the project.
C. Step up as a team leader.
17. What are the speakers talking about
A. Leadership. B. Teamwork. C. Friendship.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did the accident happen
A. Last spring. B. Last summer. C. Last winter.
19. What happened to the elderly gentleman
A. He got stuck in the doors of the train.
B. He missed the train.
C. He was seriously injured on the train.
20. Who offered to help solve the problem
A. The speaker and two other men.
B. The conductor.
C. Nobody.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Learning Streams—Education that Flows
Over the past four decades, the number of homeschooling students has increased to nearly 5 million in the US. Homeschooling has become a mainstream education option. Learning Streams is committed to satisfying homeschoolers' needs.
What We Offer
●Drop-off Day Program
We offer a variety of project-based classes in our drop-off day program two days a week.
●Specialists
Our home school friendly specialists include: language experts, reading specialists, writing and math instructors and more.
●Support
Our team provide individualized support for both new homeschoolers and experienced homeschoolers with curriculum selection, time management and more.
●Community
We pride ourselves on having an energetic community. We recognize that homeschooling is a journey that is more enjoyable when surrounded by like-minded individuals who like to have FUN!
Our Approach
Learning Streams is an alternative education center that offers classes, along with private tutoring, many specialists, and educational consulting. We provide a unique support system for parents looking for an alternative to traditional learning options or needing to outsource(外包) part of their child's education. Private tutoring can be scheduled to offer additional support either on location or online.
Our Philosophy
Educators and specialists, along with people that want to share their amazing skill sets, all work together to provide an exceptional educational experience for children aged 5 and up. We believe that every child has many gifts they can offer the world but needs a safe place to develop them.
21. Which of the following is NOT offered by Learning Streams
A. Experienced specialists. B. Personalized support.
C. Drop-off Day Program. D. Competitive environment.
22. What can children do if they join the program
A. Receive private tutoring online. B. Share amazing skills with educators.
C. Get gifts for their good performance. D. Attend project-based classes every day.
23. Who is the text intended for
A. Those who can't tutor their kids.
B. Those who want their kids educated at home.
C. Those who prefer traditional education for their kids.
D. Those who want their kids to sign up for after-school classes.
B
Whether it is "arguing until one is blue in the face" or "feeling green with envy", the English language is full of idioms linking color to emotion. Now for the first time, scientists have shown that people actually do change colors depending on their feelings, although it is a small change to skin tone around the nose, eyebrows, cheeks or chin. The effects are picked up subconsciously(下意识地) by observers, making it very hard to hide emotions.
The scientists believe the changes of colors are caused by blood flow channeled from the central nervous system depending on our state of mind. "We identified patterns of facial coloring that are unique to every Lemotion we studied," said Aleix Martinez, a cognitive scientist and professor at The Ohio State University. "We believe these color patterns are due to small changes in blood flow or blood composition brought about by the central nervous system. We use them to correctly identify how other people are feeling whether we do it consciously(有意识地) or not."
For the study, the researchers first took hundreds of pictures of facial expressions and separated the images into different color channels that correspond to how human eyes see color—either in a red/green channel or blue/yellow. They then ran the images through computer analysis and found that emotions, such as "happy", "sad", "anger" or "dislike", all formed unique color patterns. "Dislike", for example, creates a blue-yellow cast around the lips, but with a red-green cast around the nose and forehead. Happiness is seen in red at the cheeks and a little blue around the chin, but the same face with a slightly redder forehead and a slightly less blue chin registers as "surprised."
To test whether colors alone could convey emotions—without smiles or frowns(皱眉) to go along with them―the researchers then put together the different emotional color patterns on pictures of faces with neutral expressions. They found that volunteers were able to spot an emotion up to 75 percent of the time. The effect remained regardless of gender, race or overall skin tone.
24. The phrase "arguing until one is blue in the face" is used in Paragraph 1 to _____.
A. explain a phenomenon B. introduce the topic
C. support an argument D. make comparisons
25. What directly causes patterns of facial coloring according to Aleix Martinez
A. Delicate changes in blood. B. Every separate emotion.
C. The central nervous system. D. Conscious self-identification.
26. What can be learned from the text
A. Colors alone could not convey emotions.
B. Each emotion produces a unique color pattern.
C. Observers have difficulty identifying people's emotions.
D. The emotion "dislike" just shows a blue-yellow cast around the lips.
27. What is the text
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. An educational speech. D. A research article.
C
Intelligence is traditionally viewed as the ability to think and learn. Yet in a complex world, there's another set of cognitive(认知的) skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink. Therefore, my aim in this book is to explore how rethinking happens by seeking out the most convincing evidence and some of the world's most skilled rethinkers.
The first section focuses on opening our own minds. You'll find out why a forward-thinking businessman got trapped in the past, how a Nobel Prize-winning scientist welcomes the joy of being wrong, how the world's best forecasters update their views, and how an Oscar-winning filmmaker has productive fights.
The second section examines how we can encourage other people to think again. You'll learn how an international debate champion wins arguments and an African-American musician persuades people to abandon discrimination (歧视). You'll discover how a special kind of listening helped an officer convince the opposing side to join in peace talks. And if you're a Yankees fan, I'm going to see if I can convince you to root for the Red Sox.
The third section is about how we can create communities of lifelong learners. In social life, a lab that specializes in difficult conversations will cast light on how we can communicate better about debated issues like climate change. In schools, you'll find out how educators teach kids to think again by treating classrooms like museums, and approaching projects like rewriting time-honored textbooks. I close by examining the importance of reconsidering our best-laid plans.
This book is an invitation to let go of knowledge and opinions that are no longer serving you well, and to establish your sense of self in flexibility rather than consistency. If you can master the art of rethinking, I believe you'll be better positioned for success at work and happiness in life. Thinking again can help you generate new solutions to old problems and revisit old solutions to new problems. It's a path to learning more from the people around you and living with fewer regrets.
28. How does the author explain his or her ideas in the book
A. By quoting famous sayings. B. By reviewing traditional theories.
C. By presenting research results. D. By providing various examples.
29. Which of the following is probably covered in the second section
A. Helping a student with a complex math problem.
B. Walking an athlete through a detailed training plan.
C. Talking a friend into trying a different dressing style.
D. Guiding an employee to build a successful career path.
30. What does the author suggest readers do in the third section
A. Find faults in textbooks. B. Reflect on existing ideas.
C. Engage in climate debates. D. Change classroom decorations.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rethinking: Find New Ways to Success
B. Intelligence: the Ability to Think and Learn
C. How Can We Adapt to a Complex World
D. Why Does Rethinking Improve Intelligence
D
William Simpson has assumed responsibility for the care of 120 wild horses that roam on his land. He calls the project in Siskiyou county the Wild Horse Fire Brigade, and hopes the discoveries he makes from living among the animals will contribute to the debate around the role herbivores(食草动物) can play in wildfire mitigation. Simpson argues that the steep decline of herbivores in the region—the deer population in California has shrunk to less than 500,000 from an estimated peak of about 2 million in 1960—is a factor in the state's overgrown forests and grasslands, which in turn feeds increasingly extreme wildfires. "We've lost our herbivory so now we have abundant, abnormally high levels of vegetative materials which are driving the fires," he says.
Federal protection was granted to wild horses and burros (驴) in 1971 in an effort to stop their decline. This led to a population surge and a few years later the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) was tasked with reducing the rapid growth. It began removing wild horses from public lands in annual round-ups. Last year, 20,000 horses were removed. Nearly 8,000 of those were adopted or sold, and 1,622 were given fertility treatment.
Simpson describes his method as "Goodallian", after the famed Jane Goodall. He spends every day among the animals, knows them by name and temperament, and is able to record novel behavior. He shares his findings with niche industry publications and on his website. "What I've been able to do is get so close to the horses. I can smell them, I can touch them, I can look at their parasites, I can pull ticks off them," he says. "There's so much that's unknown about wild horses and how they live."
In 2018, a fire tore through Siskiyou country and scorched 15,400 hectares before it was contained. Simpson's home and immediate surroundings remained largely undamaged, which he says is down to the horses. As the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased, Simpson says he is increasingly receiving inquiries, all curious to learn more about the role wild horses may play in reducing the risk of wildfire. "People are finally starting to listen," he says.
32. What does Simpson believe is driving the increase in wildfires
A. Overpopulation of wild horses. B. Reduction of herbivores in that area.
C. Lack of protection for wild horses. D. Ineffective management of public lands.
33. What did the BLM do
A. It relocated horses to critical wilderness areas.
B. It provided long- and short-term care for wild horses.
C. It granted federal protection to wild horses and burros.
D. It took measures to drive the horses away.
34. How does Goodallian work
A. By staying aside the wild horses.
B. By working with Jane Goodall.
C. By recording the name and temperament.
D. By sharing news on the websites.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Survivor of Wildfires B. Call for the Return of Horses
C. Nature Protection Wanted D. Wildfire Does Harm to Horses
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anxiety is a normal feeling characterized by worry or fear. For example, if you have a big test, or when you don’t know how an event will turn out, you are likely to be anxious. ①_____ Here are tips to reduce your symptoms（症状）.
*Get the right amount of sleep.
Getting the proper amount of sleep at night is important. Your mind and body can reset, which helps you make better decisions when you wake up. This can also help adjust your moods and allow you to be able to get through your daily tasks. ②_____ After doing this for a while, your body may start to get tired at the same time each day, which could mean you will have an easier time going to sleep each night.
*③_____
Breathing deeply can often help regulate anxious physical symptoms. When you breathe in deeply, not only does oxygen enter your body, but you also have to take a minute to change what you are doing. Sometimes when you take yourself out of a stressful situation for a while, you can gain a completely new understanding of what’s going on. Try to stop and take deep breaths whenever you start to feel anxious.
*Pay attention to triggers（诱因）.
④_____ In some cases, these things may be obvious, but at other times, you may have trouble identifying them. You can start writing down what happens to you in a journal so that you can rule out certain events and habits.
Anxiety is a part of life, but it doesn’t have to prevent you from living the life you want. There are many ways to change your life and habits. ⑤______
A. Learn how to breathe.
B. Living with anxiety isn’t easy.
C. Examine your values and live by them.
D. Stress can cause you to have trouble falling asleep.
E. You should start to remove the things that trouble you.
F. Be sure to take care of yourself and reduce the stress in your life.
G. Try to go to sleep at the same time each night, even on the weekends.
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Early one Saturday, I headed to a "sugar detox(戒糖)" seminar at my gym.
I was there on the 1 orders. Mark Hyman, a medical director, had advised the sugar detox for me to 2 visceral (内脏的) fat, which he said " 3 a whole range of diseases from cancer to heart disease, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease."
As I started my detox, unexpectedly, Hyman advised me to 4 "more fat, because fat makes you feel full and speeds your metabolism(新陈代谢)," which I didn't know. Then came a second surprise: "Fat 5 helps you burn fat," he explained, 6 many of the myths I'd grown up with.
For the first several days, frankly, my detoxing was 7 . Making certain foods 8 made me want them more. Ice cream. Pasta. Chocolate. Even wine, which contains a 9 amount of sugar. My desire for sugar was intense and seemed never-ending, and if I cheated I felt like a 10 . I was easy to get annoyed and moody.
But by day five the 11 had cooled down. I started to lose weight. Before the detox I weighed 166pounds. Twelve weeks later, I 12 a new low adult weight: 155. My blood test looks much better. And as my belly fat has 13 , I do feel better and more energetic.
I'm now in my fourth month of the 14 detox—I don't want to live without wine or some sweets. I know I can't 15 all added sugars, no matter how alarmed I may be. Sugar detox is worth trying on the whole.
A. teacher's B. friend's C. father's D. doctors
A. lose B. gain C. find D. increase
A. helps B. affects C. heals D. damages
A. remove B. add C. dismiss D. save
A. hardly B. rarely C. actually D. nearly
A. supporting B. destroying C. harming D. defending
A. upsetting B. inspiring C. successful D. fascinating
A. wasted B. hidden C. consumed D. forbidden
A. fair B. small C. proper D. modest
A. boss B. loser C. actor D. beggar
A. interest B. passion C. desire D. curiosity
A. met B. hit C. knew D. found
A. varied B. increased C. reduced D. disappeared
A. flexible B. rigid C. strict D. serious
A. include B. avoid C. neglect D. escape
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turpan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and hardened dumplings.
Exactly 56. _____ invented dumplings remains a mystery. But some scholars suspect they were first spread around the ancient world by peoples living in western China and Central Asia more than 1,700 years ago.
Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the 57. _____ (tradition) meat filling, some communities preferred vegetable dumplings. And because wheat was 58. _____ (hard) to grow outside of northern China than in northern China, those in other regions began making dumplings using rice and sweet potato. The relationship 59. _____ Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is hard to trace, but food historians 60. _____ (make) their best guesses based on available clues.
Turkic tribes spread and 61. _____ (eventual) established the Ottoman Empire around 1300 CE, bringing wrapped food west with them.
Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped dumplings go farther, perhaps 62. _____ (introduce) them to parts of Eastern Europe. These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire.
Later, after Chinese dumpling 63. _____ (variety) were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings. The term is thought 64. _____ (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. During the Second World War, Chinese "jiaozi" was it became known as brought to Japan, 65. _____ "gyoza" and was more typically pan-fried.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的好友Zoe最近学业压力很大。你看出了她的焦虑，决定写一封信表达自己的关心，并给出几条建议。要点如下：
1. 表达关切；
2. 给出建议：调整心态；改进方法；劳逸结合等；
3. 表达期望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My first year of senior high school felt awkward. The school was twice as big as my old school, and to make matters worse, my closest friends went to a different high school. I felt very lonely.
One cold and windy Sunday afternoon, I was sitting at home at our dining room table doing homework, with a fire going in our fireplace. As usual, my cat was lying on top of my papers, purring (发出呼噜声) loudly. She was never far from me. I had rescued her when she was a kitten and put my name on her collar in case she got lost again.
Suddenly, I smelled something strange, and then I noticed that smoke was pouring in. It filled the room so quickly that we all ran out into the front yard. By the time we made our way outside, the whole roof was in flames and the fire was spreading quickly.
When the fire was finally out, our house was almost completely burned down. I was in a bad mood and then it struck me...I hadn't seen my cat. Where was my cat Much to my horror, I realized that my cat was gone and my heart ached for her. Then all at once it hit me—the new school, the fire, my cat—I broke down in tears and cried and cried.
The next day, I went to school. But I was totally embarrassed by everything. My clothes and shoes were borrowed from my aunt. I had no books or homework, and my backpack was gone. I had my life in that backpack! I didn't want to grow up if it was going to be this way. I just wanted to curl up and quit school.
It always seems that bad news spreads quickly. Everyone in high school, including the teachers, was aware of my sad situation. What a way to start off at a new school! This was not the kind of attention I was looking for.
The next day at school, people were acting even stranger than usual. They kept asking me to hurry up to the gym. I thought it was strange, but when I went into the gym, I knew why.
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
There was a big table with all kinds of stuff on it. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
A week later, I was planning my new bedroom when the doorbell rang. ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分
第一节
1. 答案：C
解析：M: What's in that corner, darling
W: Let me look again. It seems to be a cat. Oh, no, it's only Kate's toy panda．
M: She is old enough to learn to take care of her things properly.
2. 答案：A
解析：M: Which dress did you finally buy
W: Well, I liked the blue one very much, but it was 50 dollars. So I bought another one instead and saved 10 dollars.
3. 答案：C
解析：M: Are you carrying any fresh fruit, vegetables or meat
W: Yes, I have a basket of tropical fruit I'm taking as a gift for a friend.
M: Sorry, madam, but it's illegal to bring fresh fruit into the country. Please open your carry-on.
4. 答案：C
解析：M: I think I'd like to be a guide after graduation. What about you
W: I prefer to be a teacher, though my parents expect me to be a nurse.
5. 答案：B
解析：W: What happened You look upset, Peter. Were you late for work or did you argue with colleagues
M: No. I made a lot of typing mistakes, which made my manager very angry.
6. 答案：A
7. 答案：C
解析：W: What a big and beautiful city! Let's go around it.
M: Good idea!
W: But this city is quite strange to us. I think we should find someone to show us around.
M: That will cost us a lot of money, I think.
W: If nobody helps us, it will be difficult for us to go around the city.
M: I think we can ask others about the places we will go to, I think they will be ready to help us.
W: Look, someone is selling maps over there. A map will help us a lot.
M: Yes, I think so. Let's go and buy one.
8. 答案：B
9. 答案：B
10. 答案：C
解析：M: Excuse me, could you tell me where the post office is
W: Go straight on, turn right at the first traffic lights. The post office is about 50 meters away.
M: I see. And is the No. 13 Middle School far away from the post office
W: Not far. It's about 150 meters. Where on earth do you want to go I am a little confused.
M: Oh, I only want to pick up my cousin from school. I was told that the school is next to the post office, and that is why I want to know how to get to the post office first.
11. 答案：C
12. 答案：B
13. 答案：C
解析：M: Where is the camera
W: In my suitcase.
M: Take it out.
W: In a minute. I need a break first.
M: But I can't wait to see the pictures we just took.
W: Fine. Here.
M: Great. Let me see. This is you in front of the cabin, and you on the beach, and you in the sea.
All pictures of you!
W: So not true.
M: What about me You didn't take any photos of me.
W: I guess I was a little bit too self-involved.
M: You think
W: I was just joking. All your pictures have been copied into your РC
14. 答案：A
15. 答案：B
16. 答案：C
17. 答案：B
解析：M: I am having trouble with my job.
W: What is the problem
M: I have been asked to work with five other people on a project, but no one is working together on it.
W: So your group is having a problem with teamwork. Is there anyone that is in charge of the team
M: No, everyone is just doing their own separate work on it.
W: If your group does not have a leader, then you should step up and be one. You should call everyone together for a meeting so they are all in one place.
M: And then
W: Let them know that this project is important, and so is working as a team to get it done.
M: I will ask them what they have gotten done so far.
W: That is a good idea.
18. 答案：B
19. 答案：A
20. 答案：A
解析：One day last summer I was traveling on the London Underground, on the Piccadilly Line. We stopped at Green Park and a few people got on. Among them were an elderly lady and an elderly gentleman, maybe her husband. Actually, he didn't quite get on the train because the automatic doors closed on him as he was getting on. He stepped back but somehow leaned forward. This meant that the doors closed on his neck so his head was inside the train and the rest of his body was outside. His wife, who had found a seat, didn't seem to be the least disturbed. I realized that there was a real danger that he might be dragged along the platform and seriously injured so I leapt from my seat and, along with two other men, pulled at the doors, which soon sprang back. The man took his seat next to his wife. They were both completely calm and didn't say a word.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21.答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据What We Offer部分中的Drop-off Day Program项目、Specialists项目以及Support项目可知,Learning Streams 提供的服务没有涉及竞争环境,故选D。
22.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。明题意:本题问"如果孩子们加入这一项目,他们能做什么 "→寻线索:根据Our Approach部分第一段中的"Learning Streams is an alternative education center that offers classes, along with private tutoring, many specialists, and educational consulting"和第三段"Private tutoring...online"可知,加入这一项目的孩子们可以得到在线私人辅导→定答案:A项"得到在线私人辅导"正确,故选A。
23.答案：B
解析：推断。根据第一段内容和Our Approach部分第二段"We provide a unique support system for parents looking for an alternative...their child's education"可知,该项目为那些寻找替代传统学习方式或需要将孩子的教育部分外包的家长提供独特的支持系统。由此可推知,这篇文章针对那些希望自己的孩子在家接受教育的人,故选B。an alternative to traditional learning options意为"替代传统学习方式的另一种选择",实际指在家接受教育。
B
24.答案：B
解析：推断。第一段中的"Whether it is 'arguing until one is blue in the face' or 'feeling green with envy', the English language is full of idioms linking color to emotion"意为"无论是‘争论到脸色发青’还是‘嫉妒,眼红’,英语中充满了将颜色与情感联系起来的习语"。文章以此为题展开了讨论。由此可知,作者用"争论到脸色发青"这个习语是为了引出话题,故选B。
25.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。根据第二段中Aleix Martinez说的话"We believe these color patterns are due to small changes in blood flow or blood composition brought about by the central nervous system"可知,Aleix Martinez认为这些面部颜色的模式是由于中枢神经系统引起的血流或血液成分的微小变化,故选A。选项A"Delicate changes in blood"与文中的"small changes in blood flow or blood composition"意义一致。
26.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第二段中的"We identified patterns of facial coloring that are unique to every emotion we studied"可知,每种情绪都会产生特有的面部颜色模式,故选B。
27.答案：D
解析：理解文章类型。根据第二段中的"The scientists believe the changes of colors are caused...state of mind",第三段中的"For the study, the researchers first took hundreds of pictures of facial expressions and separated the images into different color channels...blue/yellow"以及最后一段中的"To test whether colors alone could convey emotions"可知,这是一篇研究性文章,故选D。
C
28.答案：D
解析：结合第二至第四段内容可知，作者举了几 个例子，如一位诺贝尔奖获得者如何乐于接受犯错的 喜悦、一位奥斯卡获奖电影制片人如何进行富有成效 的斗争、一位国际辩论冠军如何赢得辩论以及一位非 裔美国音乐家如何说服人们摒弃歧视等，来寻找最有 说服力的证据。这表明作者在书中使用了各种不同 的例子来支持和解释自己的观点。故选D。
29.答案：C
解析：根据第三段中的"The second section examines how we can encourage other people to think again."以及段内的具体例子可知，第二部分将探讨如 何鼓励他人重新思考。作者在该部分中举了国际辩 论冠军如何赢得辩论、非裔美国音乐家如何说服人们 摒弃歧视以及一位军官如何劝服对方参与和平谈判 的例子。因此，"劝说朋友尝试不同的着装风格"可能 会在第二部分中涉及。故选C。
30.答案：B
解析：根据第四段中的"In social life，a lab that specializes in difficult conversations . approaching projects like rewriting time-honored textbooks."可知,在 社交生活中，一个专门研究困难对话的实验室将有助 于我们更好地就气候变化等有争议的问题进行沟通。 在学校里，你会发现教育工作者是如何通过把教室当 作博物馆，以及像重写历史悠久的教科书这样的项目 来教导孩子们重新思考的。由此可知，在第三部分 中，作者建议读者要反思现有的想法。故选B。
31.答案：A
解析：结合全文内容可知，本文探讨了重新思考 的重要性以及如何应用重新思考的技巧。作者通过 引用实例和研究结果，呼吁读者放下不再有益的知识和观点。结合最后一段中的"If you can master the art of rethinking, I believe you'll be better positioned for success at work and happiness in life."可知，重新思考 的艺术对人的工作和生活都有重要意义。因此，A项 "重新思考：寻找通往成功的新路径"适合作为文章标 题。故选A。
D
32.答案：B
解析：细节推断。根据第一段中的Simpson argues that the steep decline of herbivores in the region...feeds increasingly extreme wildfires.可知,辛普森认为,该地区食草动物的急剧下降是该州森林和草原过度生长的一个重要原因,而这些森林和草原又助长了越来越多的极端野火。故选B项。
33.答案：D
解析：直接理解。根据第二段中的It began removing wild horses from public lands in annual round-ups.可知,BLM开始每年将野马从公共土地上清除。故选D项。
34.答案：A
解析：语义转换。根据第三段中的He spends every day among the animals和What I've been able to do is get so close to the horses.可知,他的方法就是每天和那些野马待在一起,去了解它们。故选A项。
35.答案：B
解析：概括文章标题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了野马可能在减少野火风险方面发挥作用。故选B项。
第二节
答案： GACEB
解析：36. 推理判断题。空格前说“For example, if you have a big test, or when you don't know how an event will turn out, you are likely to be anxious.(例如,如果你有一个大的考试,或者当你不知道一个事件将如何发展时,你很可能会焦虑。)”,空格后“Here are tips to reduce your symptoms(症状).(下面是一些减轻症状的小窍门。)”引出一些小窍门,B选项“Living with anxiety isn't easy.(生活在焦虑中并不容易。)”道明了下面的一些小窍门的必要性,起到承上启下的作用,因此B选项符合语境,故选B。
37. 推理判断题。本段首句“Getting the proper amount of sleep at night is important.(晚上有适量的睡眠是很重要的。)”是主题句,表明本段主要是讲睡眠的重要性,G选项“Try to go to sleep at the same time each night, even on the weekends.(试着每晚在同一时间睡觉,即使是在周末。)” 讲明了要如何睡眠,空后的“doing this”指的是G选项中的“go to sleep at the same time each night”,因此G选项承上启下,符合语境,故选G。
38. 段落标题题。空格处是本段的小标题,由空格下方的“Breathing deeply can often help regulate anxious physical symptoms.(深呼吸通常可以帮助调节焦虑的身体症状。)”可知,本段主要讲的是“呼吸”,A选项“Learn how to breathe.(学会呼吸。)”概括了本段的主题,可作为小标题,故选A。
39. 联系下文题。空格后说“In some cases, these things may be obvious, but at other times, you may have trouble identifying them.(在某些情况下,这些东西可能很明显,但在其他时候,您可能很难识别它们。)”E选项“You should start to remove the things that trouble you.(你应该开始清除那些困扰你的东西。)”中的“the things that trouble you”和空后的“these things”相一致,因此E选项引出下文,符合语境,故选E。
40. 联系上文题。空格前说“Anxiety is a part of life, but it doesn't have to prevent you from living the life you want. There are many ways to change your life and habits.(焦虑是生活的一部分,但它并不会阻止你过上你想要的生活。有很多方法可以改变你的生活和习惯。)”F选项“Be sure to take care of yourself and reduce the stress in your life.(一定要照顾好自己,减少生活中的压力。)”呼应了本文的主题,即“减少压力”,因此F选项可总结全文,符合语境,故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：D
解析：析语境:根据下文的"Mark Hyman, a medical director, had advised the sugar detox for me"可知,医学主任Mark Hyman建议作者戒糖→做推断:作者是遵照医生的命令去健身房参加"戒糖"研讨会的→定答案:D项"医生的"正确。
答案：A
解析：根据常识并结合后面的" 43 a whole range of diseases from cancer to heart disease, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease" 可知,该处指医生建议作者戒糖以减掉内脏的脂肪,故选A。
答案：B
解析：该处指医生认为内脏的脂肪对从癌症到心脏病、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等一系列疾病有影响,故选B。affect此处意为"对……有影响"。
答案：B
解析：根据后面的"because fat makes you feel full and speeds your metabolism(新陈代谢)"并结合前面的unexpectedly 和常识可知,此处指出乎意料的是Hyman建议作者增加更多的脂肪,故选B。
答案：C
解析：此处指Hyman说脂肪实际上可以帮助燃烧脂肪,actually"实际上",故选C。
答案：B
解析：根据上文的unexpectedly并结合空后的"many of the myths I'd grown up with"可知,该处指这打破了作者从小至今的许多错误认识。
答案：A
解析：析语境:空前提到"For the first several days, frankly",空后提到"Making certain foods 48 made me want them more"→做推断:作者最开始几天的戒糖过程是令人苦恼的→定答案:A项"令人苦恼的";B项"鼓舞人心的";C项"成功的";D项"迷人的"。故选A。
答案：D
解析：根据上文内容可知,本文讲述的是作者戒糖的过程,由此可知,此处表示禁糖,该空应填forbidden,故选D。
答案：A
解析：此处指甚至是含有相当多的糖的葡萄酒。故选A。
答案：B
解析：上文中的"My desire for sugar was intense and seemed never-ending"表明,作者对糖的渴望非常强烈而且似乎永无止境;下文中的"I was easy to get annoyed and moody"提到作者很容易生气和心情郁闷。由此可知,此处指如果作者作弊,就会觉得自己是个失败者。
答案：C
解析：上文的"My desire for sugar was intense and seemed never-ending"是解题的关键,指的是在开始戒糖的前几天,作者对糖的渴望非常强烈而且似乎永无止境;根据本句中的"But by day five"可知,到了第五天的时候事情发生了变化,作者的这种渴望已经冷却下来了,由此可知,该处应填desire。
答案：B
解析：此处指在戒糖之前,作者的体重是166磅;12周之后,作者的体重达到了成人体重的新低—155磅。动词hit在此表示“达到(某一水平或数量)”。
答案：C
解析：根据上文内容可知,作者已成功减肥。由此可推知,作者的腹部脂肪减少了,故选C。
答案：A
解析：根据下文的"don't want to live without wine or some sweets"可知,作者不想生活中完全没有葡萄酒和甜食。由此可知,此处指作者在戒糖的第四个月进入了弹性戒糖阶段,故选A。
答案：B
解析：根据上句内容可推知,此处指作者不能完全避免添加糖的食物,故选B, avoid指避免。
第二节
答案：who；traditional；harder；between；have made；eventually；introducing；varieties；to have been used；where
解析：56. 主语从句。根据空后的"But some scholars suspect...more than 1，700 years ago"可知，一些学者怀疑它们最早是在1700多年前由生活在中国西部和中亚的人们传播到古代世界各地的。由此可知，此处指的是到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示"谁"，故填who。
57. 形容词。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰meat filling。由此可知，空处应填形容词traditional。
58. 形容词比较级。根据空后的than 可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填harder。
59. 介词。根据空前的"The relationship"以及空后的"Chinese dumplings and those in other areas"可知，该空应填between，表示"中国饺子和其他地区的饺子之间的关系很难追溯"。且the relationship between...and...为固定搭配。
60. 动词的时态。此处指食物历史学家已经根据可用的线索做出了最好的猜测;根据语境可知，做出猜测发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时，故填have made。
61. 副词。句中established为动词，应用副词来修饰，故填eventually。
62. 现在分词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作非谓语，且introduce与主语the Mongol Empire构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，故填introducing。
63. 名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语;根据空后的were可知，该空应用所给词的复数形式，故填varieties。
64. 不定式。"主语+is +及物动词的过去分词+动词不定式"是一个固定句型，相当于It is+及物动词的过去分词+ that从句;由于The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且use这一动作已经完成，故填to have been used。
65. 定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Zoe,
I am sorry to see that you have been under a lot of pressure these days. I have gone through the same struggle as you, so here I’d like to offer several pieces of advice.
Firstly, you need to be more positive and confident. What’s more, it also helps to make a timetable to improve your efficiency. Last but not least, why not try to strike a balance between work and rest Proper relaxation can better prepare you for the upcoming tasks.
Hope my advice can be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Zoe写一封信，就对方因学业压力大感觉焦虑表达关心，并给出几条建议。
1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→stress
建议：advice→suggestions
此外：what's more→in addition
提高：improve→enhance
2.句式拓展
句型转换
简单句变复合句
原句：I have gone through the same struggle as you, so here I’d like to offer several pieces of advice.
拓展句：Because I have gone through the same struggle as you, here I’d like to offer several pieces of advice.
【高分句型1】 I am sorry to see that you have been under a lot of pressure these days. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】 Hope my advice can be of help to you. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
第二节
答案：
There was a big table with all kinds of stuff on it. It was like Christmas. They had taken up a collection and bought me school supplies, notebooks, all kinds of different clothes, tops, sweat, suits, etc. I was overcome by emotion. People who had never spoken to me before were coming up to me to introduce themselves. I got all kinds of invitations to their houses. Their genuine outpouring of concern really touched me. In that instant, I finally breathed a sigh of relief and thought for the first time that things were going to be okay. I made so many friends that day and I decided to move on and look on the bright side of life.
A week later, I was planning my new bedroom when the doorbell rang. "Does this cat belong to you " asked a woman at the door. I couldn't believe my eyes. She was holding my cat! I leaped up and grabbed her out of the woman's arms. I held her close to me and she purred happily. Apparently, my cat had been so freaked by the fire that she ran away. This wonderful woman took her in and worked hard to find out whose cat it was. As I sat there with my cat curling up in my lap, all the overwhelming feelings of loss and tragedy seemed to diminish. I felt gratitude for my life, my new friends, and the kindness of a stranger. My cat was back and so was I.

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