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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中职高考英语语法复习讲练测教案
第十二章 主谓一致
【读考纲，思考点】
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，所以正确判断主语是单数还是复数是主谓一致的关键，主谓一致经常和其它考点相结合进行考查。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。除此之外，还要注意一些特殊用法。
考点统计
年度 题号 知识点 层次要求 难易程度
了解 理解 掌握 容易 较易 中难 较难
2017
2018
2019
2020 4 分数+of+复数名词作主语；the rest作主语 √ √
2021 8 ,10 一段时间作主语；不定代词neither作主语 √ √
【讲考点，习能力】
英语中主语的“人称”和“数”的变化决定着谓语动词形式的变化，这种变化依据三项原则：语法一致原则， 意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、 语法一致原则
即主语和谓语在语法形式上一致:主语为单数形式，谓语动词用相应单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用相应复数形式。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Li Lei and his brother go to the museum once a month.
李雷和他弟弟每月去一次博物馆。
She is a teacher and her parents are workers . 她是名老师，她的父母是工人。
My sister has been to Hongkong twice. 我的姐姐去过两次香港。
I haven’t been to Hongkong . 我没去过香港。
1、单数名词、不可数名词、动名词、不定式和从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
The film is very moving . 这部电影很感人。
A lot of money has been spent on the new road . 大量的钱花在了这条新路上。
Doing sports is a relaxing way. 运动是一种放松方式。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
What we need is more time . 我们所需要的是更多的时间。
2、复数名词或代词作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The doctors are busy saving the wounded . 医生们正忙着救伤员。
They are new comers here . 他们是新来者。
3、由and , both… and 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Apple and banana are my favorite fruits . 苹果和香蕉是我喜欢的水果。
Both China and the USA are big countries. 中国和美国都是大国。
注意：both… and …连接两个名词表示两个人或物时，谓语用复数形式；表示同一个人同或一物，或者指同一概念时，谓语用单数形式。
The singer and the actor are coming to our school tomorrow.
那位歌手和那位演员明天要来我们学校。（两个名词前分别有the修饰，指两个人）
The singer and actor is coming to our school tomorrow.
那位歌手兼演员明天要来我们学校。（只有第一个名词前有the修饰，指同一人）
Fish and chips is British food. 鱼和炸薯条是英式食物。
4、不定代词作主语，谓语用单数形式。如：one， each , everybody , someone , somebody, anyone , anybody nobody , no one , everything, something , anything , nothing , either , neither 等。
Someone is knocking at the door . 有人在敲门。
No one knows the secret. 没有人知道那个秘密。
Nothing is serious . 没有什么严重的。
Each of us has a chance to make a speech. 我们每个人都有机会发言。
5、all指人作主语时，动词用复数；all指物作主语时，动词用单数。none作主语时, 表单数概念，谓语用单数形式，表复数概念，谓语用复数形式。
All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利。
None of this money is his . 这钱不是他的。
None of my friends ever come to see me. 我的朋友都不来看我。
6、each , every , either , neither , no 等修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。
Each student has a dictionary . 每个学生都有一本字典。
Neither of my brothers lives nearby. 我的两个兄弟都不住在附近。
Every single day is a new beginning . 每一天都是新的开始。
7、many a , more than one 修饰名词作主语，虽然意义上是复数，但谓语用单数形式。
Many a student is singing in the classroom . 许多学生在教室里唱歌。
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花。
8、当主语后面有as well as , with, along with, together with , but , like , rather than, exceptbe , besides等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
The teacher along with two students is from the US.
跟着两个学生的这位老师来自美国。
【例1】Visitors _____ to be as quiet as possible in the hall .
A. are asking B. are asked C. ask D. asks
解析：B本题考查主谓一致。句意：要求来宾在大厅里尽可能保持安静。主语visitors是复数，排除D, 根据句意知道要用被动语态， 故选B
【例2】Winning the game ______ everything to him.
A. mean B. means C. to mean D. meaning
解析：B 本题考查主谓一致。句意：赢得比赛对他来说意味着一切。此句是动名词“v-ing形式”作主语，谓语用单数，故选B
【例3】Both basketball and football ______ my favorite sports.
is B. are C. was D. were
解析：B 本题考查主谓一致。句意：篮球和足球都是我最喜欢的运动。此句是both...and...连接的两个并列名词作主语，谓语用复数，排除A, C, 此句无过去概念， 故选B
二、 意义一致原则
指根据主语所表达的单复数意义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
1、集体名词（如：people , police , family , class 等）作主语时，动词用复数；但有些集体名词作主语，如果强调整体，动词用单数形式；强调集体中的个体时，动词用复数。
The people here are very friendly . 这儿的人们非常友好。
The police are searching for the missing boy . 警察正在寻找走失的孩子。
My family is a big one. 我的家是个大家庭。（强调整体）
My family are having lunch now. 我的家人们正在吃午饭。（强调个体）
2、有些单词虽然以s结尾，但其本身不表示复数意义，动词通常用单数。如：maths（数学）, news（新闻）, means（手段，方式）, politics（政治）, physics（物理）等
Maths is very important. 数学很重要。
No news is good news . 没有消息就是好消息。
3、主语为一段时间、一笔金钱、一段距离时，虽是复数形式，但表单数概念，动词用单数形式。
Three years is a long time. 三年是很长一段时间。
Three hundred miles is a long way . 三百英里是很长的一段路。
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱。
4、“the + 形容词 ”表示一类人时，动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of in China. 在中国，老年人受到很好的照顾.
The good is not always beautiful. 好的并不总是美的。
“half of , the rest of , most of , all of以及百分数或分数+ of 等后接名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词而定。
Half of the studentd are the Youth League members . 一半的学生是共青团员。
The rest of the books are about western culture. 余下的书是关于西方文化的。
About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys .
我们学校约60%的学生是男生。
All of the water here is polluted . 这儿所有的水都被污染了。
Two thirds of the bread has been eaten. 三分之一的面包被吃掉了。
a number of （许多，大量）+ 名词作主语，谓语用复数形式;
the number of （......的数量）+ 名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。
A number of people enjoy shopping online. 许多人喜欢网购。
The number of the students in our class is forty-five .我们班的学生人数是45人。
在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数与其后的主语一致。
Between two hills is a small river. 两座山之间有一条小河。
Comes into an old man . 一个老师走了进来。
There goes the bell . 铃响了。
定语从句的关系词who , which , that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词与前面的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
Those who are interested in painting can join in the club.
Tom is one of the boys who are fond of computer games .
Mr Wang is the only one of the teachers who receives flowers on Teachers’ Day.
【例1】The United States _____ a developed country.
A. be B. is C. are D. has
解析：B 本题考查主谓一致。句意：美国是一个发达国家。 主语the United States 美国，虽然单词 states是复数形式，但表示整体概念，故选B
【例2】A great deal of money ____ spent on books.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been
解析：D本题考查谓语动词与主语的语义搭配。 句意：大量的钱已经花在了书上。主语是“大量的钱”，不可数名词表单数，排除A, C, 根据句意动词应该用被动，故选D
【例3】Don’t take anything that ______ others.
belong to B. belongs to C. belong D. belongs
解析：B 本题考查定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词一致。句意：不要拿任何属于别人的东西。先行词anything是不定代词表单数，动词用单数形式，排除A C项，belong to “属于” 是固定搭配， 故选B
就近一致原则
指在句中不止一个主语时，谓语动词根据就近的那个主语确定单复数形式
1、在There be 句型中
There is a pear and some banana in the basket . 篮子里有一个梨子和一些香蕉。
There are three hundred and sixty- five days in a years. 一年有365天。
由 or , either... or ... , neither... nor , not only ... but also 等连接的两个名词或代词作主语，动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
You or he is going to be invited to the meeting . 你或他将被要求出席那个会议。
Neither he nor his parents have been away from their hometown.
他没离开过家乡，他父母也没离开过。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for the holiday.
学生和老师都期望假期。
注意：主谓一致性在实际使用中比较复杂，总之一定要根据语境意思判断主语的单复数概念，从而确定谓语动词的该用单数还是复数。
【例1】____ there any juice and cola in the fridge
A . Is B. Are C. Has D. Have
解析：A 本题考查主谓一致--就近原则。句意：冰箱里有果汁和可乐吗？There be 句型中be 与邻近的名词保持一致，此句中就近名词是juice果汁（不可数，单数），故选A
【例2】Not only the students but also their hteacher ____ good at playing football.
A. am B. is C. are D. being
解析：B 本题考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生，还有他们的老师都擅长踢
足球。not only ... but also 连接的两个名词作主语，动词与邻近的主语一致，also后的主语是their teacher，单数，故选B
【例3】Neither my parents nor I _____ at home last night.
am B. are C. was D. were
解析：C 本题考查主谓一致-- 就近原则。句意：昨晚我的父母和我都没在家。Neither...nor... 连接两个人或物作主语，动词与邻近主语一致，此句邻近主语是I , 时间又是last night (昨晚）过去，故选C
【试一试】
( ) 1. Each of the girls here ______ to the Great Wall .
have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
( ) 2. Physics _______more interesting than maths , do you think so
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 3. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift .
A. is offered B. are offered C. has offered D. have offered
( ) 4. Milk and orange juice _______ my favorite drink.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 5. This pair of trousers ________ of pure cotton.
A. is made B. are made C. has made D. have made
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