第十章 句子种类教案-中职高考英语语法复习讲练测

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

第十章 句子种类教案-中职高考英语语法复习讲练测

资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中职高考英语语法复习讲练测教案
第九章 句子成分和基本句型
【读考纲,思考点】
句子按使用目的可以分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。考试考查时主要在单项选择和句子翻译中。侧重考查疑问句中疑问词的选择;感叹句中感叹词的选择;祈使句主要是考查句子翻译。在学习过程中,分清句子类型,能提高单项选择的正确率,做句子翻译时能把句意翻译得更准确、恰当。
考点统计
年度 题号 知识点 层次要求 难易程度
了解 理解 掌握 容易 较易 中难 较难
2017
2018 7 疑问句(特殊疑问句) √ √
2019 1,3 疑问句(选择疑问句,一般疑问句) √ √
2020 6 疑问句(特殊疑问句) √ √
2021 疑
【讲考点,习能力】
第一节 陈述句和疑问句
学习陈述句时,主要掌握其肯定句式和否定句式。疑问句中侧重考查特殊疑问词的选择和各个时态对应的一般疑问句。反义疑问句则是疑问句中的难点。学习时应重点关注。
陈述句
陈述句用来说明一个事实或表明一个看法。有肯定句式和否定句式。
陈述句肯定句:主语+谓语+其他
The rain stopped. 雨停了。
The old man hurt his leg last Thursday. 这位老人上周三腿受伤了。
Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄了。
The teacher gave me a new book. 老师给了我一本新书。
He often makes his sister cry. 他经常把妹妹弄哭。
陈述句否定句:be动词 / 情态动词 /助动词+not+实意动词
They were not watching TV at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们没在看点书。
Bob could not speak English at the age of 8. 鲍勃8岁的时候还不能说英语。
Tom doesn't ask me about math. 汤姆不问我数学。
注意:句中有little / few / hardly / never / neither / seldom等词为否定句。
Few students are listening carefully. 没有一个学生认真听讲。
Neither Joy nor Sam likes singing. 乔伊和山姆都不喜欢唱歌。
She seldom went to the seaside in winter. 冬天她很少到海边去。
He can hardly speak English. 他几乎不会说英语。
【经典例题】
【例1】 Look ! At the foot of the hill _____ our new school building.
A. stand B. stands C. standing D. stood
解析:B本题考查陈述句语序。句意 “看!在山脚下_____我们新的教学楼。”可知句子缺谓语动词、“矗立”意思。在陈述句中,地点状语位于句首要全部倒装。本题主语为“our new school building”为单数,且时态应为一般现在时。故选B
【例2】 I got up late yesterday, so I _____ my breakfast with me on the bus.
A. take B. took C. am taking D. have taken
解析:B本题考查一般过去时态谓语动词选择。根据题意“昨天我起床晚了,所以我就在公交车上吃早餐”,并列复合句前后句子要保持时态一致,后一句也应用一般过去时。故选B
【例3】 The results of the examination ______ out in two weeks.
A. come B. will come C. came D. have come
解析:B本题考查一般将来时态谓语动词选择,句意“考试结果两周后____”in two weeks 表示将来,所以应该用将来时。A.一般现在时;C.一般过去时;D. 现在完成时。故选B
【试一试】1
( ) 1. A national park _______ here in 1952.
A. was created B. has created C. created D. is created
( ) 2. _______ the game means everything to him.(2015年单招题第3题)
A. Winning B. To win C. Won D. Win
( ) 3. Look here! This pair of shoes ________ perfect.
A. look B. looks C. looked D. is looking
( ) 4. The news _________ students exciting at the moment.
A. make B. makes C. making D. made
( ) 5. Lily enjoys ________ chess, but she doesn’t like football games.
A. played B. playing C. play D. to play
疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题。常见的疑问句有4种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。
1、一般疑问句
用yes,no来回答的句子。其句子结构为:
情态动词 / 系动词 / 助动词+主语+谓语+其他?
May I use your pen 我可以用一下你的刚笔吗?
Is he a teacher 他是老师吗?
—Don’t you want to go 你不想去吗?
—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 不,我想去。/是的,我不想去。
2、特殊疑问句
不用yes,no来回答,需用陈述句回答的句子。
结构:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句
常见的特殊疑问词:what,when,where,which,who,whose,why,how,how often等。
What are you doing 你在做什么?
Which do you want 你想要哪个?
Who broke the window 谁把窗户打烂了?
Where do you live 你住哪儿
When was he born 他何时出生?
3、选择疑问句
提出两种或多种选择,要求对方选一种。不用yes,no来回答。
结构:Which,whose提问;或者一般疑问句+ or +省略的一般疑问句
—Would you like milk or tea 你想要牛奶还是茶?
—Tea /Milk , please. / Neither , I like coffee.
Which subject do you like, physics or chemistry 你喜欢哪个学科,物理还是化学?
Will you live in hotel or in your home
4、反义疑问句
附加疑问句。表提问人没有把握需要得到对方证实。
结构:陈述句+附加疑问句
原则:前肯后否;前否后肯
陈述句子中有be动词、助动词、情态动词时,反义疑问句部分则用对应的be动词、助动词、情态动词。陈述句中是实义动词时用do、dose、did。
It’s Monday today, isn’t it 今天是星期一,是吗?
He often goes to school by bike, doesn’t he 他常常骑自行车上学,对吗?
They went to the park yesterday, didn’t they 他们昨天去的公园,是吗?
That isn’t your book, is it 那不是你的书,是吗?
Jim doesn’t speak French, does he 吉姆不会说法语,对吗?
注意:
陈述句部分有:little / few / hardly / never / neither /seldom / nothing
/nobody等词时,反义疑问部分用肯定。
He never said she would come, did he 他从来没说她会来,是吗?
They seldom go to the cinema, do they 他们很少去电影院,对吗?
Nobody can answer the question, can they 没有人能回答这个问题,是吗?
Few people know about it, do they 几乎没有人知道有关这件事情,是吗?
Neither you nor I can work it out, can we 你我都不能算出它,对吗?
陈述句部分为肯定祈使句,反义疑问句用will you或者won’t you;
Pass me the pen, will you / won’t you 把这支钢笔递给我,好吗?
Go and get it for me, won’t you 去帮我取个东西,好吗?
Please help us, will you 请帮帮我们,好吗?
陈述句为否定祈使句,反义疑问句用will you。
Don’t be late again , will you 不要再迟到了,行吗?
Don’t do that again, will you 不要再这样了,好吗?
Don’t forget to send the e-mail, will you 请别忘了发邮件,可以吗?
祈使句为Let’s…结构反义疑问句用shall we;
Let us…结构反义疑问句用will you。
Let us help you , will you 让我们帮助你,好吗?
Let’s have a rest , shall we 咱们休息一会儿,行吗?
Let’s go and see a movie , shall we 走,我们一起去看电影,好吗?
(3)陈述部分主语somebody / some / none / anybody / anyone / everybody / everyone / no none等不定代词时,反义疑问句主语用they;
Someone is waiting for you, isn’t they 有人正在等你,是吗?
No one knows him, do they 没人认识他,不是吗?
Everyone knows the answer, do they 每个人都知道答案,是吗?
(4)陈述部分主语是something、anything、everything、nothing时,反义疑问句主语用it。
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it 所有的事看起都没问题,不是吗?
Nothing is important, is it 没有什么重要的,不是吗?
Nothing can stop us going forward, can it 没有什么可以阻止我们向前,不是吗?
(5)陈述部分是there be结构时,反义疑问句的主语用there
There are some books you are interested in, aren’t there
这里有你感兴趣的书,是吗?
There is something wrong with your bike, isn’t there
你的自行车出问题了,是吗?
There will not be any trouble, will there 不会有任何问题,不是吗?
【例1】— ______ do you like your fish cooked (2018年单招题第7题)
— Well done, please.
A. When B. Why C. How D. Where
解析:C本题考查特殊疑问句的疑问词选择。根据答语“全熟”可知问句句意应为“ 你的鱼要几分熟?”,在点餐中问几分熟应该用疑问词“How”,故选C
【例2】— Coffee or tea , sir (2019年单招题第1题)
— ______
Go ahead. B. You’re welcome.
C. Coffee, please. D. None of your business.
解析:C本题考查选择疑问句的回答。根据句意“先生喝茶还是咖啡?”可知是给了两个选项的选择疑问句,回答通常是二者选其一,或者两者都不(neither,排除D)C项选了其中一项。故选C
【例3】You've talked to her, ______ you (2019年统招题第9题)
A. don’t you B. aren’t you C. haven’t you D. won’t you
解析:C本题考查反义疑问句的简短问句部分。根据句意“你已经跟她谈了,_____?”反义疑问句的陈述部分是肯定形式,简短问句用否定形式。陈述句主语是“you”谓语动词是现在完成时“have”做助动词,所以用haven’t you故选C。
【例4】— Aren't you going out tonight
— ______. I have to work on my paper.
A. Yes, I am B. Yes, I am not C. No, I am D. No, I am not
解析:D本题考查一般疑问句回答。句意“今晚你没有出去吗?”“_____我要写论文。”不管问句是肯定还是否定意义,都用yes或no回答,但之后的简答部分必须与之保持一致,因此排除B和C。如问句含有否定意义,yes和no,翻译时分别译为“不”和“是的”。故选D。
【试一试】2
( ) 1. — Which book do you prefer, this one ______ that one
— This one.
A. and B. in C. or D. with
( ) 2. — Do you like summer or winter
— ______. I really like the snow.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Summer D. Winter
( ) 3. — Tom, ______ are you in such a hurry
— The meeting will start soon. I don’t want to be late.
A. where B. how C. when D. why
( ) 4. — ______did you get there
— On foot.
A. How B. What C. When D. Where
( ) 5. — He is new here, _____
— Yes, he is from Chengdu. He came here last week.
does he B. doesn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he
第二节 祈使句、感叹句
考点统计
年度 题号 知识点 层次要求 难易程度
了解 理解 掌握 容易 较易 中难 较难
2017 1 祈使句 √ √ √
2018 3 祈使句 √ √ √
2019
2020 1 祈使句 √ √ √
2021
【讲考点,习能力】
一、祈使句
祈使句没有主语,即把主语省略的句子。祈使句通常用来表示请求、命令、警告、忠告、建议等的句子。祈使句分为肯定句式和否定句式。
1、祈使句肯定句式
Shut up! 请闭嘴!
Be quiet! 别说话!
Be kind to your sister. 对妹妹要和善。
Watch your step. 走路小心。
Keep off the grass. 勿踩草坪。
Do be careful. 请务必小心。
Please drive more slowly. 请开慢一点。
Please make yourself at home. 请自便。
Remember to call me, please. 请记得给我打电话。
Let me have a try. 我来试一试。
Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。
2、祈使句否定句式
No parking. 禁止停车
No photo. 禁止拍照
No entry!不准入内。
Please don’t be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。
Don’t worry about! 不要担心!
Don’t be late again! 不要再迟到了!
Never say that again! 不要再那样说了!
Let’s not hurry/Don’t let’s hurry 我们不要太着急。
3. “祈使句+and / or+陈述句”结构
(1)祈使句 + and (then,and then) + 陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句 + and (then,and then) 相当于if引导的条件句。
Come early,and you’ll catch the first bus.
=If you come early,you’ll catch the first bus.
来早点,你就能赶上第一班汽车。
Use your head,then you’ll find a way. 开动脑筋,那么你就会找到办法。
One more word,and I'll get angry with you.
如果你再说一句话,我就生你的气了。
Another week,and the railway station will be completed.
再有一周,火车站就完工了。
(2)祈使句 +(or,or else,otherwise)+ 陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句 +(or,or else,otherwise)相当于unless引导的条件句。
Work hard,otherwise,you’ll fail. = Unless you work hard,you’ll fail.
努力干,要不,你会失败的。
Use your head,or else you won’t find a way.
= Unless you use your head, you won’t find a way.
开动脑筋,否则,你就找不到办法。
巧选and, or:选择连接词,只看陈述句,and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝。
【例1】Here is the menu, madam. Please _____ your time.(18年单招第3题)
A. make B. have C. take D. use
解析:C本题考查祈使句中与time搭配的动词用法。句意为“女士,这是菜单。请慢慢看。”固定搭配“take your time”。故选C
【例2】Please ______ your book and turn to Page 51.
A. take up B. take off C. take out D. take down
解析:C 本题考查祈使句和take构成的短语。句意“拿出书并翻到51页。”take out意为“拿出”。故选C。A,拿起,开始从事;B,起飞,脱下;D,记下,拿下。均不符合题意,故选C
【例3】It’s cold outside. Please______ something warm.
A. put on B. puts on C. putting on D. to put on
解析:A本题考查祈使句。句意“外面很冷。请穿点暖和的”可知句子差穿上这个意思。从句子结构可以看出,没有主语。所以本句为please+动词原形的祈使句。故选A
【试一试】1
( ) 1. ______ open the window. I feel a little cold.
A. Do B. Not C. Don't D. Please not
( ) 2. — _________dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes.
— OK, mom.
A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Gets
( ) 3. Tommy, ___ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.
A. do B. don’t C. must D. mustn’t
二、感叹句
感叹句用来表示赞赏、喜悦、惊奇等强烈情感的句子。感叹句由what 、how来引导。
1、What 引导的感叹句, 中心词为名词。
What +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)!
注意:用a还是用an是以形容词的发音决定。
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊!
What a careless boy you are! 你真是一个粗心的男孩!
What an old building that is!那是一栋多么破旧的楼房!
What an honest girl Marry is! 玛丽是一个多么城市的女孩啊!
What an interesting film it is! 多么有趣的电影啊!
What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!
what thick snow we are having here!我们这儿的雪多厚啊!
What noise they are making! 他们太吵了!
What strange clothes he is wearing! 他穿的衣服可真奇怪啊!
What hard-working boys they are! 多么努力的男孩们啊!
What red apples! 多么红的苹果啊!
2、How 引导的感叹句。中心词为形容词或副词。
How +形容词 /副词 +(主语+谓语)!
How disappointed !
How exciting a football match is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊!
How happily he plays! 他玩得多开心啊!
How dangerous the animals are! 这些动物真危险啊!
How dry the weather is! 天气真干燥啊!
How +主语+谓语!
How time flies!时光飞逝啊!/光阴似箭!
How it blows! 风刮得真大啊!
【例1】_____ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!
A. What B. Why C. How D. Where
解析:C考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意为:在繁忙的道路上快速骑行是多么危险啊!感叹的中心词是dangerous是形容词。it为主语,is为谓语动词。所以该感叹句中心词。符合How +形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)结构。故选C
【例2】— ______ hard work you have done!
— It's very kind of you to say so.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
解析:A考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意“你真努力学习啊!”句中“hard work”中心词是work,是不可数名词,符合What +形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)结构。故选A
【例3】______ beautiful weather! Let’s go for a picnic.
A. How B. What C. Where D. Why
解析:B考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意“多好的天气啊!我们去野炊吧!”句中,中心词是天气weather,是名词。符合What +形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)结构。故选B
【试一试】2
( ) 1. ______ weather it is! Let's go outside for a walk.
A. What good B. What a good C. How good D. How a good
( ) 2. — We are going to take part in Running Man.
— exciting news!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
( ) 3. ______ funny the story is!
A. Why B. Which C. What D. How
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览