第四章 数词教案-中职高考英语语法复习讲练测

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第四章 数词教案-中职高考英语语法复习讲练测

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中职高考英语语法复习讲练测教案
第四章 数 词
【读考纲,思考点】
数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词分为基础词和序数词两类。基数词表示人或事物的个数,如:one, two, three;序数词表示先后顺序,如:first, second, third。数词主要考查基数词、序数词、倍数的表达以及hundred,thousand,million,billion等的用法。
考点统计
年度 题号 知识点 层次要求 难易程度
了解 理解 掌握 容易 较易 中难 较难
2020 4 分数的表达 √ √
【讲考点,习能力】
一、基数词
1. 构成:
范围 变化形式 例词
1~12 各不同,逐个记 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19 词尾均为-teen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90整十 逢十词尾为-ty twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99非整十 十位和个位之间加连字符“-” twenty-one, forty-seven, eighty-eight
101~999 百位与十位之间用and连接 103 one hundred and three 468 four hundred and sixty-eight
1000以上 从数字右端向左端数起,每三位作为一个单位,分别是thousand, million和billion。在每一个单位内,按三位数的构成拼写,中间用逗号分开 1,024 one thousand and twenty-four 137,000 one hundred and thirty-seven thousand 1,410,379,301 one billion four hundred and ten million three hundred and seventy-nine thousand three hundred and one
100 1000 1,000,000百万 1,000,000,000十亿 单独记 one hundred one thousand one million one billion
2. hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen(一打), score(20)等表达
用作基数词单位前有具体数字或有several,few等修饰词时,hundred, thousand, million, billion通常不带复数词尾-s;但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数,通常与of短语连用。例如:
two thousand people 两千 thousands of people 成千上万的人
two dozen oranges 二十四个橙子 dozens of oranges 几十个橙子
one million dollars 一百万美元 scores of chairs 几十把椅子
二、序数词
构成
1st first 11th eleventh 60th sixtieth
2nd second 12th twelfth 70th seventieth
3rd third 20th twentieth 80th eightieth
4th fourth 21st twentieth-first 90th ninetieth
5th fifth 22nd twentieth-second 100th one hundredth
6th sixth 23rd twentieth-third 1000th one thousandth
7th seventh 24th twentieth-four
8th eighth 30th thirtieth
9th ninth 40th fortieth
10th tenth 50th fiftieth
许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成,如four—fourth,six—
sixth,ten—tenth,sixteen—sixteenth,但nine—ninth,eight—eighth。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词
尾的y改为ie,再加-th构成。
first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”,如4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。
非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可,如twenty-first, thirty-sixth, ninety-ninth, three hundred and sixty-fifth等。
hundred, thousand, million等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等。
2. 序数词前通常要用定冠词the,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词the。例如:
My room is on the second floor and his on the third.
我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
注:有时序数词前不用定冠词the,而用不定冠词a/an,表示在原有基础上的增加,有“又,再”之意。例如:
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
Would you like a second cup of tea 你想再要一杯茶吗?
序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于:定冠词表特指,不定冠词表泛指,有类似another的意思,但比another的意思更明确。
三、数词的用法
1. 表示日期
1949年 读作nineteen forty-nine
6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June
2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six
2018年5月2日May 2nd, 2018 读作the second of May, twenty eighteen
2. 表示钟点
半小时用half,一刻钟用a quarter,≤30分钟用past,>30分钟用to。
08:00 eight o’clock或eight
09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past nine
02:30 two thirty或half past two
05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six
14:15 fourteen fifteen或a quarter past fourteen
23:05 twenty-three O five或five past twenty-three
22:55 twenty-two fifty-five或five to twenty-three
3. 表示编号
单纯的编号,可在基数词前加number,简写为No.,如No.2。
序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况:
① 小序号可用“the +序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如:第一节课可以说the First Lesson或Lesson One。
② 大序号通常只用“名词+基数词”。如:Room 808(808号房间 )Bus No.168(168路公共汽车)1490 Nanjing Road(南京路1490号)
③ 用“a/the + number+基数词+名词”。如:a No.3 bus(一辆3路公共汽车),the No.3 bus(那辆3路公共汽车)。
4. 表示倍数
表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。例如:
(1)倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。例如:
This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
(2)倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。例如:
This bridge is four times longer than that one. 这座桥比那座桥长四倍。
I am twice older than you. 我的年龄是你的两倍大。
(3)倍数+ the size/length/weight/height/width…+of+表示比较对象的名词。例如:
This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
They're twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
5. 表示分数
(1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母的序数词要用复数。分子与分母之间可加也可不加连字符号“-”。例如:
two thirds 2/3 three fifths 3/5 one-fifth 1/5 five-sevenths 5/7
注意:1/2读作a/one half;1/4读作a(one)fourth或者a quarter;3/4读作three fourths或者three quarters;3 读作three and two fifths。
(2)表示几分之几的人或物时,要用介词of。若作主语,谓语动词要与of后的名词一致。例如:
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. 三分之二的钱都花在食物上了。
The centimeter is one-hundredth of the meter. 厘米是米的百分之一。
6. 表示百分数
百分数由“基数词+percent”组成,百分号(%)读作 percent(percent一律用单数形式)。例如:
30% thirty percent 60% sixty percent
若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时,要加of,作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。例如:
Forty percent of the students wear glasses. 百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。
Two thirds of the juice is mine. 三分之二的果汁是我的。
7. 表示小数
小数点前的数按总数念,同其他基数词读法一样,小数点用point,小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如:9.65读作nine point six five,218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
表示年代
表示在某个世纪的几十年代,用“in the +整十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示,可直接加s,也可加’s。如:“在20世纪80年代”是in the 1980’s或in the 1980s,读作in the nineteen eighties。
注意:不要漏掉the
表示年龄
(1)表示某人几岁的确切年龄,用“基数词+years old”或 “at the age of+基数词”,也可直接用基数词。例如:
He began to study English at (the age of) seventy. 他70岁开始学英语。
She’s seventy years old. 她70岁了。
“基数词-year-old”可构成复合形容词,放在被修饰词前作定语;“基数词+years old”构成形容词词组,只能做后置定语和表语。例如:
He is a 15-year-old boy. √
He is a 15 years old boy. ×
(2)表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄,用“in one’s+整十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)”来表达。例如:
He went to America in his thirties. 他30多岁时去了美国。
【经典例题】
【例1】________ trees were cut down , and many birds lost their homes.
A.Three millions B.Millions of
C.Three millions of D.Million of
解析:B本题考查millions of 的用法。句意:数百万棵树被砍伐,许多鸟类失去了家园。million“百万”,前面有具体数字时,million用原形;后面有of时,million要加s。故选B
【例2】Tom is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
A.nine; nine B.ninth; ninth
C.nine; ninth D.ninth; nine
解析:C本题考查基数词和序数词的用法。句意:汤姆九岁了。今天是他的第九岁生日。nine九,基数词,表示数量;ninth第九,序数词,表示顺序。根据句意可知,空一表示数量,应用基数词nine;空二表示顺序,应用序数词ninth。故选C
【例3】In Myanmar, the population now has become ________ that in 1971.
A.twice as big as B.as twice big as
C.as big twice as D.as big as twice
解析:A 本题考查倍数的用法。句意:在缅甸,现在的人口已经是1971年的两倍。此处为“A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as…”倍数表达,表示“……是……的几倍”。故选A
【例4】Almost ____ of the students in this class ____ glasses, that is ___ of them.
A.two thirds; wear; 60 percent B.two thirds; wear; 60 percents
C.two third; wears; 60 percent D.two third; wears; 60 percents
解析:A 本题考查分数的用法。句意:这个班几乎三分之二的学生都戴眼镜,占比60%。分子为一以上时,序数词应用复数形式。分数作主语,谓语动词要与of后的名词一致,因students为复数名词,所以谓语动词用 wear。Percent 不用复数形式。故选A
【试一试】
( ) 1. _____of the students are girls, and the rest_____ boys.
(2020年单招第4题)
A. Two third; is B. Two third; are
C. Two thirds; are D. Two thirds; is
( ) 2. The story happened ______.(2013年对口高考第15题)
A. in 1970’s B. in his 70’s
C. in 70’s D. in the 1970’s
( ) 3. ______ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A. Several millions B. Many millions
C. a millions D. Millions of
( ) 4. I started to learn painting when I was in ________ .
A. the fifth grade B. the five grade
C. grade fifth D. the grade five
( ) 5. The shoe store is on the _____ floor and I buy ____ pairs of shoes in it.
A.two; two B.two; second
C.second; second D.second; two
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