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中职高考英语语法复习讲练测教案
动词
第三节 动词的语态
【读考纲，思考点】
语态是英语学习中一个重要的语法点，是学生在高职考中经常遇到，又不易掌握的一个语法难点。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。本节主要学习动词的被动语态。要正确使用被动语态，归根结底要搞清楚主语与动作的关系。中职英语主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态及少量情态动词的被动语态。
考点统计
年度 题号 知识点 层次要求 难易程度
了解 理解 掌握 容易 较易 中难 较难
2017 7 一般过去时的被动语态 √ √
2018
2019 8 一般将来时的被动语态 √ √
2020
2021
【讲考点，习能力】
一、概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式是被动语态。
We speak English every day. 我们每天说英语。（主动句）
English is spoken in many countries in the world. 世界上很多国家说英语。（被动句）
I lost my mobile phone yesterday. 我昨天丢了手机。（主动句）
My mobile phone was lost by me yesterday. (被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
1. 基本结构：
肯定句式：be+过去分词；
情态动词+be+过去分词
否定句式：be+ not+过去分词；
情态动词+ not+be+过去分词
（注意：get+过去分词也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化）
被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态体现在be动词上，be动词什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后的过去分词不变。几种常用时态的被动形式见下表：
时态 主动语态（以动词do为例） 被动语态（以动词do为例）
1 一般现在时 do/does be(am/is/are) am/is/are + done
2 一般过去时 did be(was/were) was/were +done
3 一般将来时 will/shall do be going to do will be done be going to be done
4 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are+being done
5 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
【典型例题】
【例1】Today Chinese ______by more and more people around the world.
A. speak B. learn C. is spoken D. has learned
解析：C本题考查一般现在时的被动语态，其形式为：is/am/are+动词的过去分词，故选C
【例2】The People’s Republic of China ______ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
解析：B本题考查一般过去时的被动语态，其形式为was/were+动词的过去分词，故选B
【例3】Attention, please! All the mobile phones must ______in the meeting.
A. be turned off B. turned off C. turn off D. be turning off
解析：A本题考查情态动词的被动语态，其形式为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词，故选A
【例4】Don't worry. You _____plenty of time to do it.
A. will give B. have given C. will be given D. are giving
解析：C本题考查一般将来时的被动语态，其形式为：will/shall +be+动词的过去分词，故选C
【试一试】
( ) 1. Mo Yan’s book finally _____ published in 2014.
A. get B. got C. has got D. is getting
( ) 2. The meeting ____ if the manager can’t come back on Monday.
A. canceled B. will cancel C. was canceled D. will be canceled
( ) 3. Visitors ______to be as quiet as possible in the hall.
A. are asking B. are asked C. ask D. asks
( ) 4. The house ______to a young couple last week.
A. was selling B. is sold C. was sold D. has sold
( ) 5. Food _____ in a cool place in summer, or it will go bad quickly.
A. must keep B. mustn't keep C. must be kept D. mustn't be kept
三、主动语态转变为被动语态的方法
1. 主动句为 “ 主谓宾 ” 结构
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；将主动谓语变为被动谓语
（be+过去分词)，如果谓语是一个短语动词，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词；将主动语态的主语变为 by短语。例如：
The boy has finished the homework.（主动句）
The homework has been finished by the boy.（被动句）
Mrs. White looks after her baby carefully. (主动句)
Her baby is looked after carefully by Mrs. White.（被动句）
注意：在某些被动句中，如果不强调动作的执行者，可省略by短语。如：
He was born in 2005. 他生于2005年。
The books were returned to the library the other day.
这些书是前几天还给图书馆的。
2.主动句为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”（可选其中的直接宾语或间接宾语作主语）
Peter gave Tom a book.（主动句）
Tom was given a book by Peter. （被动句）
A book was given to Tom by Peter. （被动句）
直接宾语a book作被动语态的主语时，加了介词“to”表示指向性，指向给予的对象Tom，相当于句子Peter gave a book to Tom.的变形。
以下双宾动词直接宾语改写为被动语态主语时需要在间接宾语前加介词to或者for：
pass（传递） sb. sth.→ sth. be passed to sb.
sell （出售） sb. sth. →sth. be sold to sb.
lend （借出） sb. sth.→ sth. be lent to sb.
bring（带） sb. sth.→ sth. be brought to sb.
make（制作）sb. sth.→ sth. be made for sb.
buy（买） sb. sth.→ sth. be bought for sb.
主动句为“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”
He always keeps his room clean.（主动句）
His room is always kept clean.（被动句）
原句宾语his room做被动语态句中的主语，动词keeps时态不变，改为is（be动词一般现在时第三人称单数）+kept（动词过去分词），补语clean照抄。
注意：一感觉（feel）, 两听（hear, listen to）, 三使（make, let, have）五看（see, watch, notice, observe,l ook at）在主动语态中，后接省略to的不定式作宾补，在转化为被动语态时必须加上to。
The boss made the workers work ten hours a day . (主动句)
The workers were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.（被动句）
I often see her walk along the river after dinner. (主动句)
She is often seen to walk along the river by me after dinner.（被动句）
主动形式表被动意义
1.一些动词后面接doing主动表被动
这些动词是need, want, require（需要）, deserve（应得，值得）, be worth（值得）。例如：
The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
The book is worth reading. = The book is worth to be read. 这本书值得一读。
2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词，常用“主语+动词+副词”表被动
这些动词如sell，write，read，wash，clean，burn，cook，drive，open，lock等与副词如well（好），easily（容易地），perfectly（十分地）等连用，描绘事物的特性，用这种结构主动表被动。例如：
These cars sell well. 这些汽车很畅销。
This kind of meat cooks easily. 这种肉很容易烹煮。
3.系动词（look , feel , taste , smell , sound , appear , seem , turn , stay , get , grow , keep , become）+ 形容词或名词构成系表结构表被动。例如：
The flowers smell sweet. 花闻起来很香甜。
Clothes made of silk feel softer than those made of cotton.
丝制的衣服比棉制的衣服摸起来更柔软。
表示开始和结束的动词（begin , start , finish ,end等）。
The first class begins at 8:30 every morning.每天早上八点半开始上第一节课。
The film ended at ten o’clock. 电影是十点钟结束的。
5. 某些不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
①不定式作定语，和被修饰词有逻辑动宾关系或介宾关系。例如：
He has too much work to finish. 他有很多工作要做。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔来写字。
②不定式前有说明该不定式特征的形容词。例如：
The girl is difficult to get along with. 这个女孩很难相处。
③不定式与特殊疑问词连用。例如：
I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。
五、汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。
It is said that … “据说......”
It is well known that … “众所周知......”
It is reported that ... “据报道......”
It is hoped that ...“希望......”
It is generally considered that ... “普遍认为......”
It is said that she works as an engineer.
据说她是一名工程师。
It is well known that Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
众所周知,杭州因西湖而著名。
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