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中考英语一轮复习语法知识
长难句
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考点复习
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一、长难句分析攻略
（一）结构分析
英语长难句有三多, 即修饰成分多、并列成分多、结构层次多。请看2021年山东菏泽中考阅读理解D篇的开头句: Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon(马拉松) in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
　　这是由but连接的并列句。前一个分句为Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day. 该句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。后一个分句为含有状语从句和定语从句的复合句, 其中主句是一个主系表结构的句子。
　　朱柯铭从未想过自己有一天会成为英雄, 然而他恰恰在周六, 在甘肃省白银市举办的山地马拉松比赛中, 有21人丧生, 但他拯救了六名跑步者的生命。
（二）方法攻略
（三）必背技巧
1. 悉究本末——在语篇阅读中, 通过扫读就能获取所需信息, 多数句子没必要过分解读。
2. 字字对译——由于英汉语序有时是不同的, 如果直译, 句意会不通顺, 更不能表达原句的意思。
3. 望文生义——要结合上下文语境和文化背景等, 从整体上理解句子的真正含义, 切不可望文生义。
二、熟词生义应对攻略
（一）特征理解
所谓熟词生义, 其实多是一词多义, 只是其中有些意思我们不熟悉而已。不熟悉的一个重要原因是不能理解各个词义之间的关系, 如本义与引申义之间的关系。在英语学习过程当中有大量的熟词生义需要我们去发现、去积累。如:
【真题示例】 (2021·荆门中考) Now Mr Brown is rich. He doesn’t need to make money. But he says, “I’m really thankful to Steve and other kind people for helping me. I want to help others, too. ” He keeps on selling ice-cream. He gives ice-cream to kids for free. He also gives his money to poor families.
【问题】The underlined word “free” means 　　　.
A. 自由的　　　　B. 空闲的　　　　C. 免费的　　　　D. 不受约束的
【解析】所给选项都是free的意思, 这就要在具体语境中判断free的意思。由下句“He also gives his money to poor families”可判断句意: 布朗先生免费给小孩冰激凌。故选C。
【真题示例】 (2021·广元中考)We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children’s Villages. You need to be good at singing and dancing. You also need to be glad to accept different opinions. That is to say, you need to be open-minded with a loving heart.
【问题】The underlined word open-minded means　　　 according to the passage
A. 思想开明的 B. 乐于助人的 C. 性格外向的 D. 积极主动的
【解析】You also need to be glad to accept different opinions. 意为“你需要乐于接受不同意见”, 由此可判断open-minded 意为“思想开明的”, 故选A。
【真题示例】(2021·威海中考). . . So when Joe had a really bad seizure, Buddy was the one who called for help and began making sounds into the phone. Emergency rescue(急救) workers arrived within minutes and found Joe. They took him to the hospital where he recovered. Joe later said, “Buddy’s my world. He’s my best friend, no doubt. He’s always there, and I just hope I can be as good to him as he’s been to me. ”
【问题】“Buddy’s my world. ” means “Buddy’s 　　　. ”
A. like a hero B. a good dog C. everything to me
【解析】Buddy’s my world的字面意思为“Buddy是我的世界”。由后面的“He’s always there”结合语境 when Joe had a really bad seizure, Buddy was the one who called for help and began making sounds into the phone可知, Buddy救了他的主人, 所以Buddy对他来说意味着一切。故选C。
（二）多义词产生的原因
1. 使用范围的转移。如handsome 形容男性的相貌, 意为“英俊的; 帅的”。形容女性, 意义就变成了“健美而端庄的, 标致的”。用于修饰金钱, 如a handsome sum of money, 意义则是“可观的, 相当多的”。
2. 使用对象的改变。如律师所说的action 往往是legal action, 即“法律诉讼”; 而士兵所说的action可能就是military action, 即“军事行动”。
3. 出于修辞的需要。在修辞里, 本体和喻体之间存在相似之处, 所以eye of a needle意为“针眼”; the apple of his eye意为“他的掌上明珠”。
（三）应对技巧
基本方法: 基本义+语境=衍生义。如:
特殊句式的理解攻略
（一）应对步骤
（二）常见句式示例
例如：
1. Hearing the joke, we couldn’t help laughing. 听了这个笑话, 我情不自禁地笑了起来。
2. He can’t but admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己错了。
3. The bus didn’t leave until all the seats were taken. 直到车上坐满了乘客, 公交车才开走。
4. What he said was nothing less than a lie. 他说的纯属是谎言。
5. We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。
6. Your work is far from(is not at all) satisfactory. 你的工作一点儿也不令人满意。
7. They are too young to understand what is going on.
他们还太小, 不明白发生了什么事。
8. Why not come and see me tomorrow 明天来看我怎么样
9. What on earth is he busy doing 他究竟在忙什么
（三）技巧攻略
1. 理解词义, 学会“见义思迁”
　　 仅仅记住词义是不够的, 要学会在语境和搭配中引申词义, 这样才能理解词汇在文中的真正含义。也就是说, 既要牢记词义, 也要学会见“义”思迁。
2. 切分复杂句, 学会“庖丁解牛”
　　遇到结构复杂的长句子, 只是一遍一遍地读, 效果不好, 需得像庖丁解牛一样把句子分解开, 明确各部分之间的结构, 分清主次关系, 才能真正理解这个句子。
3. 把握句子的命脉, 学会“四抓”
　　题有题眼, 文有文眼, 即使一个句子, 也要有“眼”, 一个词语就能生动一个句子, 也能救起一个句子。此“眼”就是句子的命脉。找“句眼”有四抓: 抓谓语部分、抓修饰成分、抓词语本身、抓象征意义。
4. 理解句子, 懂得“言外之意”
　　任何一篇文章的内容都是前后密切联系的, 这就需要在具体的语境中分析句子的含义和作用, 体会句子的言外之意。
理解文章主旨, 掌握“三不离”!
　　由篇章理解语句, 由语句理解篇章, 这是理解文章的有效方法。需要掌握“三不离”, 即字不离句, 句不离段, 段不离篇。
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语篇练习
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根据首字母提示补全短文。
Everyone needs friends. Our friends give us warnings a___1___ danger. Our friends o___2___ advice on how to deal with different situations. True friends get to know not only our j___3___ but also our sadness from each other. With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. W___4___ friendship, life is sad and unfortunate.
I have friends in high positions and friends in the rank and file. Some are r___5___ and in power. Some are relatively poor and without power. Some are like myself, working as a t___6___, helping students read and write, happy with a simple life.
We all c___7___ for each other, love and help each other. We feel we are the happiest when we chat and exchange i___8___ with one another. With my friends, I know what to treasure(爱惜), what to tolerate(容忍) and what to s___9___ .
I’ll keep m____10____ new friends, and I will never forget my old friends.
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根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整
Welcome to Cape Town!
Cape Town isn’t the capital city and it isn’t the l____11____ city in South Africa either, but it is the most popular city. Every year, millions of t____12____ visit Cape Town. From the beautiful beaches to great s____13____ centres, Cape Town has something for everyone.
For outdoor or sports fans, Cape Town provides fantastic activities l____14____ hiking and climbing. The beautiful beaches are good for water sports, including surfing. If you are brave e____15____, you can even try to go down into the deep sea and get eye to eye w____16____ a great shark in the cage! But of course, it’s also a good choice for you to walk a____17____ the wooden roads and enjoy natural sights around if you are not so brave.
The w____18____ in Cape Town is pleasant. In summer, the local temperature is about 26°C．And remember mid summer here is January! And the winter temperatures don’t usually fall below 10°C．Two of the main l____19____ here are Xhosa and English. The population of Cape Town is about 3.5 million.
Cape Town is the city that has e_____20_____. It will make your vacation unforgettable.
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根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
“Your beliefs become your thoughts; your thoughts become your words; your words become your actions; your actions become your habits; your habits become your values; your values become your destiny(命运).”
The words above were said by Mohandas Handhi. F____21____ these words, we can learn the importance of values.
Since values are so important in our life, then what values should we learn so as to live a m____22____ life
Love — By love, it doesn’t necessarily mean romantic love. Instead, it could mean k____23____. There are many ways for us to be kind to others. For example, we can give a h____24____ to people who are in trouble, or we can say some encouraging words to t____25____ who are sad.
Responsibility(责任)—Responsibility s____26____ to be a huge word for middle school students. However, we should learn to take responsibility for our actions. We should not be selfish or think just for o____27____.
Honesty—“Honesty is the best policy,” but in fact how many of us believe that A____28____ we grow up, we find it easier to tell lies. But we should remember that though we may not always be caught, those demons(恶魔) of dishonesty will go with us for the r____29____ of our life.
Courage — Courage means we should be willing to admit our mistakes and f____30____ difficulties and challenges without fear.
Let’s keep these values in mind and live a meaningful life.
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根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t___31___ Chinese culture and art.
At the age of a Chinese garden, there is usually a h___32___ stone or wall to screen (挡住) your view in order to later produce unexpected happiness w___33___ you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山) and a big lake. The best e___34___ is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations are very i___35___ in a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i___36___ Four Seasons Rockeries (四季假山).
G___37___ in the south are mostly small in size. So people hang a mirror opposite a window to take in the outside sights. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. Then wherever the visitors are, they can s___38___ the garden in the mirror. A pool or a lake in a garden w___39___ the same way. A pool runs from south to north t___40___ the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected (倒映) in the pool.
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The Future of Flying
Imagine a scene: Millions of people going to and fro (来来回回), travelling to ____41____ destinations. Robots work here and ____42____, helping people go around. There are various gardens in which people can sit and relax.
Does it sound ____43____ a small town from the future It is, in fact, the Beijing Daxing International Airport, which topped the Guardian’s “Seven Wonders of the Modern World” list.
After nearly five years of construction the airport officially opened ____44____ Sept. 25th, 2019. Located at the southern border of Beijing, it is the world’s ____45____ integrated transportation hub (枢纽). It is quite large ____46____ of its area and its travel capacity (承载量).
It has the world’s largest flight terminal (航站楼)in a single building. The building has an area of 700, 000 square metres—the size ____47____ 98 soccer fields. It will eventually be able to handle more than 100 million passengers a year, China Daily reported. That’s around the total population of the UK and Canada.
Apart from this, the airport has attracted attention because it uses new technologies that make ____48____ safer and more efficient. For example, airport luggage tracking (追踪)technology allows passengers to track their luggage in real time by ____49____ a mobile app.
The airport will also use a robot-operated parking system. Drivers only need to park their cars in designated (指定的)locations. Robots will then lift the cars and carry them to an empty space. _____50_____ collecting their vehicles, drivers simply need to scan (扫描) a parking ticket to find out where to collect their cars.
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In a national spelling competition, an 11-year-old girl, Sara, was ____51____ to spell a word. But because of her low voice, the judges（裁判）were not sure if the girl spelled the word ____52____ a B or D．They asked her to repeat ____53____ she said. By then, Sara realized that she had made a mistake. Instead of ____54____ a lie, she told them that she said the wrong letter. As a ____55____, she lost the competition.
As the girl ____56____ back to her seat, all the people stood up and cheered for her. She smiled. Many newspapers reported the girl’s story the next day. In fact, she won great respect from others ____57____ she was honest.
The young girl could simply tell a lie and nobody would find it out except ____58____. But she was brave enough to tell the ____59____. She made the right choice.
It’s true that the choices we make today will decide what we are like tomorrow. Our children will follow us. If we want them to grow up to be _____60_____, we must show them that we are honest ourselves.
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The 24-kilometer-long Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge will be another great bridge in China after the HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The construction(建造) of it started ____61____ December 29, 2016 and it will take about 8 years to finish it.
Because of the work both on and under ____62____ water, the project requires a lot of talent and hard work. And people are happy that the bridge will have a great influence on ____63____ life. Now they ____64____ over two hours driving to Shenzhen from Zhongshan, but after the bridge is built, it will just take about twenty minutes.
On March 28, 2019, a newspaper reporter interviewed Yang Runlai—____65____ of the general engineers of the bridge. He said it would be more difficult ____66____ challenging to build the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge than to build the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. He also said the workers were very busy with their work and they ____67____ had time to spend with their families.
____68____ the 1980s, China has made great achievements in bridge building. ____69____ foreign people, including Europeans,admire these achievements. As Chinese, we surely ____70____ pride in our country.
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The famous Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, ____71____ of illness at the age of 91 in May,2021. Yuan Longping is not only a famous scientist in agriculture(农业), but also a romantic husband and a caring grandfather. He is known as ____72____ of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻) which pulled countless people out of ____73____.
A documentary recorded some of his life stories. In the opening parts, Yuan’s three granddaughters recalled stories about their grandfather and said that he mostly cared about ____74____ English and maths studies. The grandkids recalled that when Yuan travelled to Hong Kong ____75____ his family, he tried to buy a new watch for his wife, but he didn’t, because it was too ____76____, and he fed his wife with a candy.
Hundreds of people ____77____ Yuan’s 90th birthday celebration. This is a heartwarming moment. Yuan cut the first piece of cake ____78____ gave it to his wife at once. The documentary also found Yuan developed an “exercise programme”, to ____79____ mahjong with friends for an hour at 8 pm every evening to protect his brain, ____80____ he was quite busy. When his seawater rice research was successful, he was very excited, and copied the action of ducks with “quack, quack, quack” while passing a pond.
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根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Extreme Amazon (亚马孙之最)
Twenty percent of all the water that goes into oceans around the world comes from one river—the Amazon.
The Amazon River ____81____ (begin) in the Andes Mountains in Peru. It travels about 6,400 kilometres to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the ____82____ (large) river in the world. It is also the second longest. Most of the Amazon’s water comes from rain. During the rainy ____83____, parts of the river are 190 kilometers wide.
The Amazon River goes ____84____ the world’s largest rain forest. The Amazon rain forest is ____85____ to the largest number of plants and animal species on Earth. There are 2.5 ____86____ (million) kinds of insects, such as the world’s largest ant. At least 3,000 kinds of fish live there , and one-fifth of all the bird species in the world. Some of the Amazon’s animals are ____87____ (danger), such as the anaconda(水蟒), the largest snake in the world. ____88____ there are also gentle animals, like the sloth(树懒)and the pink dolphin.
The Amazon is very important to Earth. There ____89____ (be) still many kinds of animals and plants there that we don’t know about. If we lose the Amazon, we ____90____ (lose) a big part of life on Earth.
参考答案
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1．(a)gainst 2．(o)ffer 3．(j)oy 4．(W)ithout 5．(r)ich 6．(t)eacher 7．(c)are 8．(i)deas 9．(s)hare 10．(m)aking
【解析】本文主要介绍了朋友的好处。
1．句意：我们的朋友警告我们要提防危险。根据“warnings...danger.”结合首字母可知是指提防危险，against“以防”，介词，符合语境，故填(a)gainst。
2．句意：我们的朋友就如何处理不同的情况提供建议。根据“Our friends...advice on how to deal with different situations”可知是指提供建议，offer“提供”，动词，主语是复数，动词应用原形。故填(o)ffer。
3．句意：真正的朋友不仅知道我们的快乐，也知道我们的悲伤。根据“sadness”可知和悲伤对应的是快乐，joy“快乐”，名词，故填(j)oy。
4．句意：没有友谊，生活是悲哀和不幸的。根据“life is sad and unfortunate.”可知没有友谊，生活是悲哀和不幸的，without“没有”，是介词，故填(W)ithout。
5．句意：有些人有钱有势。根据“Some are relatively poor”可知和贫穷对应的是富裕，rich“富裕的”，形容词。故填(r)ich。
6．句意：有些人像我一样，当老师，帮助学生读书写字，过着简单的生活。根据“helping students read and write, happy with a simple life.”可知老师会帮助学生读书写字，teacher“老师”，可数名词，被a修饰，应用单数，故填(t)eacher。
7．句意：我们都互相关心，互相爱护，互相帮助。根据“We all...for each other, love and help each other.”以及首字母可知是指互相关心，care“关心”，动词，主语是we，动词用原形，故填(c)are。
8．句意：我们觉得我们在彼此聊天和交流思想时是最快乐的。根据“when we chat and exchange...with one another.”结合首字母可知，是指交换各自的想法，idea“想法”，可数名词，应用复数形式，故填(i)deas。
9．句意：和朋友在一起，我知道什么该珍惜，什么该包容，什么该分享。根据“With my friends, I know what to treasure(爱惜), what to tolerate(容忍) and what to...”结合首字母可知是指分享，share“分享”，动词，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填(s)hare。
10．句意：我会不断结交新朋友，我永远不会忘记老朋友。根据“new friends”可知是指交新朋友，make friends“交朋友”，固定短语keep doing sth“不断做某事”，故填(m)aking。
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11．largest 12．tourists 13．shopping 14．like 15．enough 16．with 17．along 18．weather 19．languages 20．everything
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南非第二大城市开普敦的一些情况。
11．句意：开普敦不是首都，也不是南非最大的城市，但它是最受欢迎的城市。根据“but it is the most popular city.”及首字母提示可知，这里说的是开普敦不是最大的城市。largest“最大的”。故填largest。
12．句意：每年，数百万游客访问开普敦。根据“visit Cape Town”和首字母提示可知，这里说的是游客。tourist为“游客”，根据“millions of”可知，这里要用复数形式。故填tourists。
13．句意：从美丽的海滩到大型购物中心，开普敦为每个人都提供了一些东西。根据句意和首字母提示可知，这里指的是shopping centres“购物中心”，故填shopping。
14．句意：对于户外或运动爱好者，开普敦提供徒步旅行和攀岩等精彩活动。根据“hiking and climbing”可知，这里是举例说明开普敦提供什么样的精彩活动，like为“例如，好比”，符合语境，故填like。
15．句意：如果你足够勇敢，你甚至可以尝试深入深海，与笼子里的大鲨鱼对视！根据句意及首字母提示可知，这里指的是“足够地勇敢”，enough为“足够地”，副词，修饰形容词，故填enough。
16．句意：如果你足够勇敢，你甚至可以尝试深入深海，与笼子里的大鲨鱼对视！根据“get eye to eye”及“a great shark in the cage!”可知，这里指的是与鲨鱼对视，with为“和……在一起”，符合语境，故填with。
17．句意：当然，如果你不那么勇敢的话，沿着木制道路行走，欣赏周围的自然景观也是一个不错的选择。根据“the wooden roads and enjoy natural sights...”及首字母提示可知，这里指的是“沿着木制道路行走”，go along为“进行，前进”。故填along。
18．句意：开普敦的天气宜人。根据“In summer, the local temperature... temperatures don’t usually fall below 10°C. ”及首字母提示可知，这里说的是开普敦的天气，weather为“天气”，不可数名词。故填weather。
19．句意：这里的两种主要语言是科萨语和英语。根据“Xhosa and English”及首字母提示可知，这里说的是语言，language为“语言”，可数名词，又根据“Two of the main”可知，这里要使用其复数形式，故填languages。
20．句意：开普敦是一座拥有一切的城市。根据“Cape Town has something for everyone.”及“It will make your vacation unforgettable.”以及首字母提示可知，这里指的是开普敦这里什么都有，everything为“ (有关的) 一切，万事”，故填everything。
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21．(F)rom 22．(m)eaningful 23．(k)indness 24．(h)and 25．(t)hose 26．(s)eems 27．(o)urselves 28．(A)s 29．(r)est 30．(f)ace
【解析】本文引用甘地的名言提出我们应该学会怎样的价值观来过有意义的生活，主要包括爱，责任，勇敢等。
21．句意：从这些话中，我们可以学到价值观的重要性。根据“...these words, we can learn the importance of values.”可知，从这些话中学到东西，from“从”符合语境，故填(F)rom。
22．句意：既然价值观在我们的生活中是如此重要，那么我们应该学习什么价值观，以过上有意义的生活？根据“Since values are so important in our life, then what values should we learn so as to live a m...life ”可知，为了过上有意义的生活，meaningful“有意义的”，作定语修饰life，故填(m)eaningful。
23．句意：相反，它可能意味着善意。根据“There are many ways for us to be kind to others.”可知，是善良，在动词后作宾语，用名词kindness，故填(k)indness。
24．句意：例如，我们可以帮助有困难的人，或者我们可以对那些悲伤的人说一些鼓励的话。根据“we can give a h...to people who are in trouble”可知，帮助有困难的人，give sb a hand“给予某人帮助”，故填(h)and。
25．句意：例如，我们可以帮助有困难的人，或者我们可以对那些悲伤的人说一些鼓励的话。根据“or we can say some encouraging words to t...who are sad”可知，鼓励那些伤心的人，those“那些”符合语境，故填(t)hose。
26．句意：责任——对中学生来说，责任似乎是一个很大的词。根据“Responsibility s...to be a huge word for middle school students.”可知，责任似乎是一个很大的词，seem“似乎”，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单，故填(s)eems。
27．句意：我们不应该自私或只考虑自己。根据“We should not be selfish or think just for o...”可知，只考虑自己，用反身代词ourselves，表示“我们自己”，故填(o)urselves。
28．句意：随着我们长大，我们发现说谎更容易了。根据“A...we grow up”可知，随着长大，用as引导时间状语从句，故填(A)s。
29．句意：但我们应该记住，虽然我们可能不会总是被抓住，但那些不诚实的恶魔将伴随我们的余生。根据“those demons(恶魔) of dishonesty will go with us for the r... of our life”可知，此处是the rest of one’s life短语，意为“余生”，故填(r)est。
30．句意：勇气意味着我们应该敢于承认自己的错误，毫无畏惧地面对困难和挑战。根据“Courage means we should be willing to admit our mistakes and f...difficulties and challenges without fear.”可知，用其让我们面对困难，face“面对”符合语境，故填(f)ace。
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31．(t)raditional 32．(h)uge 33．(w)hen 34．(e)xample 35．(i)mportant 36．(i)ts 37．(G)ardens 38．(s)ee 39．(w)orks 40．(t)hrough
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
31．句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special form of t... Chinese culture and art.”可知，中国园林显示中国传统文化和艺术，traditional“传统的”，作定语修饰其后的名词，故填(t)raditional。
32．句意：在中国园林的年代，通常有一块巨大的石头或墙壁来遮挡你的视线，以便稍后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的快乐。根据“At the age of a Chinese garden, there is usually a h...stone or wall to screen (挡住) your view”可知，有巨大的石头或墙壁来遮挡视线，huge“巨大的”，作定语修饰其后的名词，故填(h)uge。
33．句意：在中国园林的年代，通常有一块巨大的石头或墙壁来遮挡你的视线，以便稍后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的快乐。根据“in order to later produce unexpected happiness w...you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山) and a big lake”可知，当你看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的快乐，用when引导时间状语从句，故填(w)hen。
34．句意：最好的例子是颐和园。根据“The best e...is the Summer Palace.”可知，拿颐和园举例，example“例子”，根据“is”可知，使用名词单数形式，故填(e)xample。
35．句意：在中国式园林中，岩层是非常重要的。根据“Rock formations are very i...in a Chinese-style garden.”可知，岩层是非常重要的，important“重要的”，在句中作表语，故填(i)mportant。
36．句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。根据“Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i...Four Seasons Rockeries (四季假山).”可知，此处指个园，作定语修饰其后的名词，用its代替，故填(i)ts。
37．句意：南方的花园大多面积不大。根据“G...in the south are mostly small in size.”可知，南方的花园面积不大，garden“花园”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(G)ardens。
38．句意：这样无论游客在哪里，他们都能从镜子中看到花园。根据“they can s...the garden in the mirror”可知，能从镜子中看到花园，see“看到”，can后用动词原形，故填(s)ee。
39．句意：花园中的水池或湖泊也是如此。根据“A pool or a lake in a garden w...the same way.”可知，水池或湖泊的作用也是一样的，work“产生……作用”，主语是单数，动词用三单。故填(w)orks。
40．句意：一个水池从南向北穿过片石山坊的花园。根据“A pool runs from south to north t...the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang.”可知，水池穿过片石山坊的花园，强调内部穿过，用through，故填(t)hrough。
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41．different 42．there 43．like 44．on 45．largest 46．both 47．of 48．it 49．using 50．When
【解析】本文介绍北京大兴国际机场，它是世界上最大的综合交通枢纽机场，机场使用了新技术，使其更安全、更高效。
41．句意：数百万人往返于不同的目的地。根据“going to and fro”可知此处指“去不同的地方”；different“不同的”。故填different。
42．句意：机器人到处工作，帮助人们四处走动。根据“helping people go around”可知此处指“机器人到处工作，帮助人们”；here and there“到处”。故填there。
43．句意：听起来像未来的小镇吗？根据下文“It is, in fact, the Beijing Daxing International Airport,…”事实上，它是北京大兴机场；可知此处指“像未来的小镇”；like“像……”。故填like。
44．句意：经过近五年的建设，机场于2019年9月25日正式开放。空格在“Sept. 25th, 2019”前，表具体日期，用介词on。故填on。
45．句意：它是世界上最大的综合交通枢纽，位于北京南部边界。根据“the world’s”，结合上文“which topped the Guardian’s ‘Seven Wonders of the Modern World’ list”可知此处指“世界上最大的综合交通枢纽”；largest“最大的”。故填largest。
46．句意：它的面积和通行能力都相当大。根据“its area and its travel capacity”可知此处指“面积和通行能力都很大”；表达“二者都……”，用both of…。故填both。
47．句意：该建筑面积70万平方米，相当于98个足球场。根据“has an area of 700, 000 square metres”和“98 soccer fields”可知此处指“建筑面积相当于98个足球场”；the size of…“……的大小”。故填of。
48．句意：除此之外，机场吸引了人们的注意，因为它使用了新技术，使其更安全、更高效。“make sth+形容词”意为“使某物……”；根据“the airport…”可知此处用it指代“机场”。故填it。
49．句意：例如，机场行李跟踪技术允许乘客使用移动应用程序实时跟踪行李。根据“a mobile app”可知此处指“使用移动应用程序实时跟踪行李”；use“使用”，介词后接动名词。故填using。
50．句意：在取车时，司机只需扫描停车单就可以找到取车地点。根据上文“Drivers only need to park their cars in designated locations. Robots will then lift the cars and carry them to an empty space.”介绍司机如何停车；可知此处指“司机取车时如何操作”；when“当……时候”。故填When。
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51．asked 52．with 53．what 54．telling 55．result 56．went 57．because 58．herself 59．truth 60．honest
【解析】本文主要讲述了一个11岁的小女孩在拼写比赛中没有通过撒谎赢得比赛的故事。
51．句意：在一场全国拼字比赛中，一个11岁的女孩Sara被要求拼写一个单词。根据“to spell a word”可知在比赛中她被要求拼写一个单词，ask“要求”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填asked。
52．句意：但由于她的声音很低，评委们不确定这个女孩的拼写是B还是D。根据“spelled the word…a B or D”可知是带有字母B还是D，用介词with。故填with。
53．句意：他们要求她重复她所说的话。句子是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
54．句意：她没有撒谎，而是告诉他们她说错了字母。tell a lie“说谎”，of后加动名词。故填telling。
55．句意：结果，她输掉了比赛。根据“she lost the competition”可知她没有说谎，结果输掉了比赛，as a result“结果”。故填result。
56．句意：当女孩回到座位上时，所有的人都站起来为她喝彩。根据“back to her seat”可知是回到座位，go back to“回到”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填went。
57．句意：事实上，她因为诚实而赢得了别人的尊重。前后两个句子是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
58．句意：这个女孩可以撒谎，除了她自己，没有人会发现。根据“tell a lie and nobody would find it out except”可知除了她自己没人发现她说谎，此处用反身代词herself“她自己”。故填herself。
59．句意：但她敢于说出真相。由语境可知，她没有说谎，说出了真相，tell the truth“讲真话”。故填truth。
60．句意：如果我们希望他们长大后变得诚实，我们必须向他们表明我们自己是诚实的。根据“we must show them that we are honest ourselves”可知想让孩子诚实，我们自己必须要诚实，作be动词的表语用形容词honest“诚实的”。故填honest。
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61．on 62．the 63．their 64．spend 65．one 66．and 67．Hardly/seldom 68．Since 69．Many 70．take
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲深圳中山大桥艰难的建立过程及中国桥梁建设的成就。
61．句意：它的建造开始于2016年12月29日并会花费大约8年时间来完成。根据“December 29, 2016”可知具体时间前用介词“on”，故填on。
62．句意：因为这个工作在水面和水下，所以这个工程需要大量的才能和艰难的工作。根据“on and under...water”可知名词“water”前应用“the”来修饰，表示特指，故填the。
63．句意：人们很高兴这个桥将会对他们的生活产生巨大影响。根据“have a great influence on...life”可知空格处要填形容词性物主代词，主语“people”对应的形容词性物主代词是“their”。故填their。
64．句意：现在他们花费2个多小时开车从中山到深圳。根据“they...over two hours driving to Shenzhen from Zhongshan”可知是“花费”2小时，主语是人，应用“spend”，故填spend。
65．句意：在2019年3月28日，一个记者采访了杨润来——桥梁总工程师之一。根据“...of the general engineers of the bridge.”可知是“one of...”，表示“……之一”。故填one。
66．句意：他说相比建立珠港澳大桥，去建立深圳中山大桥会是更困难和有挑战性的。分析句子可知“difficult”和“challenging”是并列关系，故填and。
67．句意：他也说工人们都忙于他们的工作并且他们几乎没有时间和家人待在一起。根据“were very busy with their work”可知是没有时间和家人待在一起，要表示否定就要用否定词，且表示“很少”，对应的英文是“hardly”或“seldom”。故填hardly/seldom。
68．句意：自从20世纪80年代，中国已经取得了桥梁建设的伟大成就。根据“China has made great achievements in bridge building”可知时态用的是现在完成时，“the 1980s”是过去的时间状语，应用“since”来引导，“since”是现在完成时的标志之一。故填Since。
69．句意：许多外国人，包括欧洲人，钦佩这些成就。根据“...foreign people，including Europeans”可知空格处修饰“foreign people”，且表示“许多”，对应的是“many”，首字母大写。故填Many。
70．句意：作为中国人，我们当然为我们国家感到自豪。根据“...pride in our country.”可知此处是短语“take pride in”表示“对……自豪”，故填take。
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71．died 72．Father 73．hunger 74．their 75．with 76．expensive 77．attended 78．and 79．play 80．though##although
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名科学家袁隆平的故事。
71．句意：中国著名科学家袁隆平于2021 5月因病去世，享年91岁。根据空后“of illness”可知，是死于疾病，“die死亡”，又因为“in May,2021”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，故填died。
72．句意：他被称为杂交水稻之父，使无数人摆脱饥饿。根据常识可知，袁隆平是杂交水稻之父，“father父亲”，因为是专有名词，所以f需要大写，故填Father。
73．句意：他被称为杂交水稻之父，使无数人摆脱饥饿。因为袁隆平是杂交水稻之父，是许多人摆脱了贫困，“hunger贫困”，名词作宾语。故填hunger。
74．句意：袁的三个孙女回忆起他们祖父的故事，说他最关心他们的英语和数学学习。分析句子可知，此空需填形容词性物主代词，又因为主语“ Yuan’s three granddaughters”，所以其物主代词为their。
75．句意：孙女们回忆说，袁和家人去香港时，他想给妻子买一块新手表。分析句子可知，此空需填介词，“with和”符合语境，故填with。
76．句意：但他没有，因为太贵了，他给妻子吃了糖果。根据“but he didn’t”可知，袁没有买，所以猜测是太贵了，“expensive昂贵的”，形容词作表语，故填expensive。
77．句意：数百人参加了袁的90岁生日庆祝活动。根据下文“Yuan’s 90th birthday celebration.”90岁生日庆祝活动，所以是参加活动，“attend参加”，又因为是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，故填attended。
78．句意：袁先生切下第一块蛋糕，立刻把它给了他的妻子。分析句子可知，此空需填连词，又因为是并列关系，所以用并列连词and，故填and。
79．句意：纪录片还发现，袁制定了一项“锻炼计划”，每天晚上8点与朋友打一小时麻将，以保护自己的大脑，尽管他很忙。短语“play mahjong打麻将”，此处不定式表目的，故填play。
80．句意：纪录片还发现，袁制定了一项“锻炼计划”，每天晚上8点与朋友打一小时麻将，以保护自己的大脑，尽管他很忙。分析句子可知，此空需填连词，且为让步状语从句，所以用引导让步状语从句地连词“though/although即使”，故填though/although。
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81．begins 82．largest 83．season 84．through 85．home 86．million 87．dangerous 88．But 89．are 90．will lose
【解析】本文介绍了亚马逊之最：亚马逊河是世界最大的河流，也是世界第二长河，它流经世界最大的雨林—亚马逊热带雨林。亚马逊热带雨林有世界上最多的动植物，对地球的生态环境非常重要。
81．句意：亚马逊河发源于秘鲁的安第斯山脉。根据后一句travels可知，此句也用一般现在时，主语是单数形式，动词用三单，故填begins。
82．句意：它是世界上最大的河流。根据in the world可知，三者以上的比较要用最高级，故填largest。
83．句意：在雨季，部分河段宽达190公里。根据“During the rainy …, parts of the river are 190 kilometers wide”可知，此处指在雨季期间，season为“季节”，此空应填单数名词，故填season。
84．句意：亚马逊河流经世界上最大的热带雨林。根据“The Amazon River goes… the world’s largest rain forest”可知，此处指流经热带雨林，go through意为“通过”，故填through。
85．句意：亚马逊雨林是地球上动植物物种最多的家园。根据“The Amazon rain forest is… to the largest number of plants and animal species on Earth”可知，亚马逊雨林是动植物的家园，“家园”为home，故填home。
86．句意：世界上有250万种昆虫，比如世界上最大的蚂蚁。表示具体的数量，基数词后接数词的单数形式，故填million。
87．句意：亚马逊的一些动物很危险。are后接形容词作表语，dangerous为“危险的”，故填dangerous。
88．句意：但也有温和的动物，比如树懒和粉红海豚。空格前后句是转折关系，应填but，句首首字母大写，故填But。
89．句意：那里还有许多我们不知道的动物和植物。根据全文可知，此句是一般现在时，主语animals and plants是复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。
90．句意：如果我们失去亚马逊，我们将失去地球上很大一部分生命。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will lose。1

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