资源简介

(共36张PPT)
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words While Reading
高中英语阅读理解
词义猜测题策略与技巧
How to deal with unfamiliar words if you come across while reading
Ignore them and continue reading
Guess the meaning of them
高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
Master some tips of guessing the meanings of words .
Develop your ability to analyze, compare and summarize.
Use what you have learned to solve the problem.
Be brave and confident in face of difficulty.
Learning aims
课标怎么说？
《新课标》：
语言技能：根据上下文线索(context clues)推断语言的意义。
高考怎么考？
2018-2022年高考阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年
全国卷Ⅰ / 甲卷 1短语 take the plunge 1短语 Safe!Safe!Safe! 1单词 currency 1单词 stumble 1单词
dominant
全国卷Ⅱ / 乙卷 1单词 maintenance 1单词 concede 2单词collapsed 短语 an added meaning 2代词 I 短语tug at the heartstring 1单词
juicer
全国卷Ⅲ (新高考全国卷） 1单词 keeping tabs on 1短语 taking on 1句子
More is more
新高考卷Ⅰ 1短语 embark on 1单词 decimate 2代词 that 单词beanpoles
新高考卷Ⅱ 2代词 something 短语hit home for me 1短语 get up to mischief 1短语 the offender
词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。
怎么考？
词义猜测题之设问方式
1.The word “...” in paragraph...means
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in paragraph...
3.What do the underlined words “...” probably mean
4.What does the underlined word/phrase “...”in paragraph...refer to
5.The underlined word “...” in paragraph...most probably means “ ”.
6.According to the passage, the word “ ’’ is known as_____.
7.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “ ’’
8.What does the author probably mean by “ ’’
怎么问？
How？
阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤
四步曲
1
2
3
4
定位
分析
Locate the underlined word
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
Analyze the relation with clues
运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
对比
Compare and choose the answer
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
核查
Reread and confirm the answer
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
怎么做？
What does “overwhelmed” mean
Before having the kids, we had nothing to do.
But now we’re overwhelmed.
Game
应接不暇的
1. Mr. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I have known. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
3. Its dining hall provides us with a variety of delicious cuisines, such as roasted beef, fried chicken and so on.
4. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
5. Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
6. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
7. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News weekly, Reader’s Digest.
8. Their valorous manner of working on the front line fearlessly moved people.
9.Some people become vegetarians because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or because they think we should not kill animals for food.
10. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
Discuss
Guess the meanings and find the clues
猜一猜
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
健谈的
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
1
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
同义或近义线索 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜：
2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I have known. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
傲慢的，高傲的
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。
常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,unfortunately,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead,rather than等
2
反义 antonym
反义线索 antonym
例子线索 Example
3
利用文中给出的例子来猜测，
常见的词或短语：such as, like, for example, for instance, including等
猜一猜：
3. Its dining hall provides us with a variety of delicious cuisines, such as roasted beef, fried chicken and so on.
菜肴
举例 Example
猜一猜：
4. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
5.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
6.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
7. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News weekly, Reader’s Digest.
语义学
变戏法的人
期刊
Attributive clause定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
Punctuation marks标点符号：冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
4
Appositive同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
Direct definition 直接下定义：mean, refers to, namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
哑剧
下定义线索 Definition
因果关系 Cause and Effect
5
原因：because，as，since，for
结果：so，thus，as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day.
9.Some people become vegetarians because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or because they think we should not kill animals for food.
adj. 大的
n. 素食主义者
普通常识 Common Sense
6
10.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
beak n. 鸟喙
claw n. 爪；螯，钳
Practice
根据上下文语境推断词义。
1. All his tries to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. successful B. in vain　 C.effective　 D. hurry
2. He was getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.
A. Improved B. worsened C. changed D. increased
3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty B. passive C. protective D. energetic
4. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the
exhibits in one day.
A. small B. large C. dull D.interesting
学以致用
1.根据定义或举例猜测下列句子中划线词的意思。
1. I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar. 2..A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. 3..A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.4.Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers—those who can understand as well as speak many languages.5..He knows a famous cardiologist. A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.6.In summer the weather is very hot, sometimes it causes a dry period ,in other words, drought.7.The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
学以致用
2.根据同义、反义关系猜测下列句子中划线词意思。
1.The big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling.2.Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.3.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.4.In the world, some are well off while others are poor.5. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 6.Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 7.In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry.
学以致用
3.根据因果关系猜测下列句子中划线词意思。
1.Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 2.She felt miserable, for her parents both died weeks ago.3.She did not hear what you said because she was engrossed in her reading.4. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.5.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 6.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.7.John asked the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house.8.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. A. going on for a long time B. that may be permitted
C. not very strong D.not severe
学以致用
4.根据生活常识猜测下列句子中划线词意思。
1.It’s really cold out tonight. My hands are nearly numb. 2.The snake slithered through the grass quietly. 3.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.4.One of symptoms caused by bird flu is a high fever.5.Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.
Summary
Definition下定义
Antonym反义词
Synonym近义词
Example示例
Cause and Effect因果
Common Sense常识
猜测词
Context matters
Direct definition
Appositive
Attributive clause
Punctuation marks
阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略：
1.Finish some exercises about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.
2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map.
3. Continue to remember these words.
Homework
Thanks for listening!
拔高练习
对点真题(2018年全国Ⅱ卷)
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.
What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
根据上下文语境推断词义。
2，下定义线索 Definition
对点真题： (2021年全国甲卷)
Southbank is the center of British skateboarding（滑板）. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered -- landing tricks, being a good skater.
What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
land the trick 学会这项技能
拔高练习
对点真题 (2018.全国卷Ⅰ)
In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation－state and the spread of universal compulsory(义务的) education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
Which of the following best explains “dominant”
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
3，例子线索 Example
拔高练习
4，反义线索 antonym
2
对点真题：(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
It took sb 时间 to do sth. 某人花了多长时间做某事
学以致用
对点真题：（2022年1月浙江卷）
Merebeth’s pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new places, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.
The word “wanderlust” in paragraph2 means a desire to
A. make money B. try various jobs
C. be close to nature D. travel to different places
5，同义或近义线索 synonym or near-synonym
拔高练习
1. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·C片段)
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely....
Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30.What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
Homework
2.（2022年全国乙卷）
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
What does “maintenance” refer to
A. personnel safety B. assistance from drones
C. inspection and repair D. construction of infrastructure
Homework
3. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
…If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I
What does the underlined word “beanpoles” paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight person.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
Homework
Homework
4. (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷) As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way.
C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
5.(2021·全国乙卷) Of those Australians who still have a landline (座机), a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket --- 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
What does the underlined word “ concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
Homework
Homework
6. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt. B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
Homework
7. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
Homework
8. 对点真题(2022·全国甲卷)
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
　After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.

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