人教版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle词汇解析素材

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人教版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle词汇解析素材

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高中英语人教版2019-选必修第三册
Unit 2词汇笔记
1 tobacco n.烟草;烟叶
2 alcohol n.酒;酒精
3 abuse n.滥用;虐待;辱骂
vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
构词:ab相反+use用→不(正当)使用→abuse n.&v.滥用+use
alcohol abuse 酗酒,abuse of power 滥用职权,scream abuse高声谩骂
He was physically and emotionally abused.他的身心受到了摧残。
alcohol abuse酗酒
personal abuse 人身攻击
abuse one's authority/office/power/
position 滥用职权
abuse one's privilege 滥用特权
4 physical adj身体的:客观存在的;物理学的
派生:physics n.物理+-al与······有关的→physical adj.物理学的;符合自然法则的
physical appearance 外貌
physical pain 身体疼痛
physical beauty 形体美
physical exercise 体育锻炼
physical examination 体检
physical education(=PE)体育
one's physical and mental health某人的身心健康
5 dominate vt. &vi.支配;控制;占有优势
联想:do做+minate(minute的近似拼写)→做时间的主人,“支配”(dominate)好每一分钟
domin主人;控制+-ate使;赋予→dominate v.控制
dominate the passions控制强烈的感情
dominate the weaker 支配弱者
dominate the situation 左右形势
political domination 政治上的支配
6 repeatedly adv.重复地
派生:repeat+-ed→repeated adj.重复的;反复发生的+-ly······地→repeatedly adv.重复地;再三地
say repeatedly that...重复地说······
repeat oneself重复自己说过的话
repeat the class/grade/year重修这门课/留级/重读一年
repeat sth. (after sb.)(跟某人)读某物
learn by repetition 通过重复来学习
the constant repetition of...不断重复的······
7 psychology
n.心理学;心理;心理影响
构词:psych-心理+-ology 学科→psychology n.心理学[注意]p不发音
8 cue n.提示;暗示;信号
vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
比较:“提示,线索”(clue)去掉1仍是“提示,暗示”(cue)a cue for sth./to do sth.······的提示 cue me暗示我
9 in response to回答;答复
示例:in response to one’s enquiry 回复某人的询问
respond v.回答,回应;作出反应,响应
response n.回答;答复;响应,反应
in response to one's enquiry回复某人的询问
make no response to对······没作出回应
receive an encouraging response
from从······得到令人鼓舞的回应
make a positive response to对······作出积极的回应
respond to 对······作出回应
表“对······作出回应”时,无论是动词respond 还是名词 response,均搭配介词to。
10 reward n.回报;奖励:报酬
vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
搭配:reward sb.with sth.for(doing sth.)因(做某事)用······回报某人
He rewarded us with a lot of money for helping him.对于我们的帮助,他大加酬谢。
in reward for作为对······的报答;作为······的报酬
as a reward for 作为对······的奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.因某事而给某人报酬
ask for no reward 不要求报酬
reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人
a rewarding experience/job有益的经历/工作
11 rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖
派生:rely+able可······的,能······的→reliable adj.可信赖的;可依靠的[y变为i]
12 rely on依赖;依靠;信赖
搭配:rely on sb./sth. to do sth.依靠某人/某物做某事
rely on a compass to get there 依靠指南针到达那儿
rely on=depend on依赖,依靠,指望;相信
rely on sb.for sth.依靠某人提供某物
rely on/upon sb. to do sth.指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon (doing)sth.依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely on it that...=depend on it that...相信/指望·····
当 rely on后接that从句作宾语时,必须先接it再接that从句,it是形式宾语
You can rely on it that Peter would like to accept the suggestion.你可以相信彼得愿意接受这个建议。
13 facilitate vt.促进:促使;使便利
构词:facil(e)容易做的+it+-ate使→facilitate vt.促使→facilitate learning 有利于学习,facilitate economic growth加快经济发展
facilitate more rapid economicgrowth 促进更加快速的经济增长
sports/cultural facilities体育/文化设施
public facilities 公共设施
communication facilities 通信设备
computer facilities计算机设备
14 examine vt.(仔细)检查;审查;測验
比较:exam-examine-examination
examine one's body 检查身体 take an exam 参加考试
examine...for..检查······找······
examine a witness 审问证人
examine a map 查看地图
examine the quality of a product检查产品的质量
examine sb.in/on sth.测验某人······
15 negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的
构词:neg否认,拒绝+ative有······倾向(性质)的→否认的→negative adj.消极的,否定的→positive adj.积极的,肯定的表达态度的词:indifferent adj.漠不关心的,supportive adj.支持的
be negative about 对······持否定态度
a negative attitude 否定的态度
have a negative effect on对······有消极的影响
a negative image 负面的形象
become negative 变得消极
a negative view 消极的观点
16 escalator n.自动扶梯;滚梯
构词: escal梯子+ator表名词→escalator自动扶梯
17 straight away立即:马上
同义:at once,right away, right now, immediately
come/get straight to the point 开门见山
be straight with sb.对某人说实话
look straight at me 直直地看着我
walk straight 直走
sit up/stand straight坐直/直立
18 pessimistic adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
派生:pessimist n.悲观主义者+-ic与······有关的→pessimistic adj——pessimism/n.悲观,悲观情绪,悲观主义
be pessimistic about 对······悲观
a pessimistic view of life对人生的悲观看法
in a pessimistic mood 以悲观的情绪
have a pessimistic attitude to/towards...对······持悲观态度
be optimistic about 对······乐观
be optimistic that...对·······乐观
They are cautiously optimistic that
the reforms will take place.他们对是否实行改革表示谨慎的乐观。
19 discipline n.自制力:纪律;学科
vt.自我控制;管教;处罚
拆分:dis-+cip+line→discipline
不(dis-)刺碰(cip)底线(line),这是“纪律”(discipline)
keep/observe discipline 遵守纪律
strict discipline 严格的纪律
school discipline 校纪
serious discipline problems严重的纪律问题
discipline a child 教训孩子
discipline sb.for...因······而处罚某人
20 pill n.药丸:药片
联想:生“病”(ill)了就要吃“药”(pill)
delete v.删除
拆分:de去掉+lete (=litter)-→去掉垃圾→delete v.删除
delete sth. from sth.把某物从另一物中删除
delete the last paragraph删除最后一段
21 decide on决定:选定
示例:decide on the course for the future 确定未来发展的方向
decide on doing sth.决定做某事
decide on leaving 决定离开
decide on going abroad 决定出国
decide on a target 决定目标
It is/was decided that...已经决定······
a man of decision 果断的人
make a decision 作出决定
decide to do sth.决定做某事
22 make up one's mind下定决心
示例:make up one's mind to examine the evidence thoroughly下决心全面检查证据
make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做某事
make up for弥补,补偿
make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成
make out 辨认出;明白,理解
make it及时到达;取得成功
23 compose Vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写
构词:com共同+pose放,放置→放到一起→ compose v.-(1nd=)组成→Ten men compose the committee.十人组成了委员会。
be composed of由······组成(或构成)的
compose/write a song写歌
compose/write music作曲
compose a letter/poem/speech写信/诗歌/演讲稿
a classical music composer古典音乐作曲家
a composition by Mozart莫扎特的作品
polish a composition 润色作文
24 be composed of 由...组成(或构成)的
示例:The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
be made up of;consist of(无被动,无进行)
25 surgeon n.外科医生
拆分:sur+ge+on(苏+哥++昂),苏哥昂是一名“外科医生”)→physician n.内科医生
26 surgery n.外科手术;外科学
串记:At the agency, the gentle surgeon urgently urged the aged agent to go for surgery.
在办事处,温和的外科医生急切地催促年老的代理商做外科手术。
27 liberation n.解放;摆脱
构词:liber自由使·····→liberate v.使自由→解放
liberate v.解放;使自由+-ion(名词后缀:行为,状态,结果)→liberation n.解放;摆脱
the People's Liberation Army(PLA)中国人民解放军
women's liberation 妇女解放
before liberation 解放前
liberate...from使自由;使摆脱约束
liberty of speech 言论自由
at liberty自由;不再受监禁
28 shave vi, vt.&n.剃(须发);刮脸
联想:谁(音似s)有(have)“刮”(shave)胡刀?
29 shave off剃掉;刮去
示例:Charles made up his mind to shave off his beard.查尔斯下决心刮掉胡子。
30 beard n.胡须;络腮胡子
联想:b,d在“耳朵”(ear)两边很对称-络腮胡子
31 disturb vt.打扰;搅乱:使烦恼
构词:dis分散+tur搅动→搅动开→disturb v.扰乱Sorry to disturb you.对不起,打扰你一下。
disturb sb.打扰某人
disturb a plan 打乱计划
disturb papers on the desk弄乱桌子上的文件
a disturbing piece of news一则令人不安的消息
be disturbed by/about/at对······感到忧虑
be seriously/deeply/greatly disturbed非常烦恼
be disturbed to do sth.做某事感到不安
be disturbed that...对······感到不安
-ing形容词常用来形容事物,表示事物本身具有的性质、特点;
·-ed形容词常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等。
常见的有:interesting,interested;surprising, surprised; exciting,excited;shocking,shocked等。
32 cigarette n.香烟;卷烟
构词:cigar n.雪茄烟+ette小的东西→cigarette n.香烟
33 specialist n. 专科医生:专家
派生:special adj.特别的,专门的+-ist表人→specialist n.专家→专科医生
an eye specialist 眼科医生
call in a specialist请专科医生
a celebrated/distinguished/noted specialist 著名专家
an experienced specialist经验丰富的专科医生
a specialist in on...某方面的专家
34 consultant n.顾问;高级顾问医师
派生:consult v.咨询++-ant······人→consultant n.顾问→(英国英语)高级顾问医师;会诊医师
consultant service 咨询服务
a consultant program 咨询程序
a consultant mission 顾问团
consultant papers 咨询文件
consult with sb.about/on sth.与某人就某事进行磋商;就某事咨询某人
consult with sb. about a secret与某人商量一个机密
consult a teacher/map/dictionary请教老师/查阅地图/查阅词典
consult sb. about sth.就某事向某人咨询
35 drug n.毒品;药物
对比:rug小地毯一g挖,掘→drug毒品→dig
drug abuse 药物滥用;嗜毒
36 skip v.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走
vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走:跳绳
n.蹦跳
联想:一个黑“皮肤”(skin)的男孩“蹦蹦跳跳地走”(skip)了skip breakfast不吃早饭
go skipping 去跳绳
skip a grade 跳级
skip breakfast 不吃早饭
skip school/class逃学/逃课
skip over the fence 跳过棚栏
skip over略过;遗漏
skip over the details 略过细节
37 dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
示例:Climbing so high made me feel dizzy.爬那么高使我感到头晕目眩。
feel dizzy感到头晕目眩
the dizzy pace of life令人目眩的生活节奏
be dizzy with success 被成功冲昏头脑
38 flu n.流感
示例:She's got flu.她患上了流感。
39 stimulate vt.激发;促进:刺激
构词:stimul刺,刺激+ate使,赋予→stimulate vt.刺激;激发
stimulate growth 刺激增长
stimulate demand 刺激需求
stimulate the economy 刺激经济
stimulate sb. to do sth.刺激某人做某事
stimulate one's interest in激发某人在······方面的兴趣
拓artificial stimulation人工刺激
40 dentist n.牙科医生
串记:I'm confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信这个牙医将会否认这个机密的意外事件。
41 sugary adj.含糖的;甜的
派生:sugar n.糖充满······的;有······特性的→sugary adj.含糖的;甜的
42 nut n.坚果
比较:nut-put-but→切割cut,坚果nut,放入put,但是but
43 skateboard n.滑板
vi.滑滑板
合成:skate滑冰+board木板→skateboard滑板
44 dynamic
adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的
构词:dynam力量+ic与······有关;······的→dynamic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→dynamics n.力学;动力学
a dynamic personality充满活力的个性
a dynamic leader一位精力充沛的领导
a dynamic plan 动态规划
45 virus n.病毒;病毒性疾病
46 stress out焦虑不安;疲惫不堪
示例:feel stressed out 感到心力交瘁(=feel stressed)
get/feel stressed out变得/感到焦虑
under stress在压力下;有压力
lay stress on 强调;重视
stress the fact 强调事实
stress the importance of...强调······的重要性
stress the importance of the stress of
pronunciation 强调发音重读的重要性
47 worn out筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
示例:Can we sit down?I'm worn out.我们能坐下吗?我都累坏了。
[拓]worn out破烂不堪的;废旧的
These shoes are worn out.这些鞋破得不能再穿了。
be worn out=be/get/feel tired out筋疲力尽
wear sb./sth.out让某人筋疲力尽;用坏某物
wear away 逐渐磨损,磨蚀出凹痕
wear off 逐渐减弱,渐渐消失
run out 花光,用尽
run out of 花光······,用尽······
48 bowling n.保龄球运动
音译:保龄。bowl碗,木球+-ing→bowling
49 comedy n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
拆分:come+dy→来(come),看第一(dy)场“喜剧”(comedy)
50 monthly adv. & adj.每月:每月- -次的
n.月刊
派生:month n.月,一个月的时间+-ly→monthly
-ly除表示“以······方式,······地”(如happily)和构成形容词表示“具有······性质”(如 cowardly怯懦的,scholarly学者型的)之外,还可表示“每隔······时间”,再如hourly,daily,weekly

a monthly budget月度预算
a monthly news digest每月新闻摘要
the fashion monthlies 时装月刊
类似单词:
daily adv.&adj.每日;日常的n.日报
weekly adv.&adj.每周;每周的n.
周报;周刊
yearly adv.&adj.每年;每年的
51 enhance vt. 提高;增强;增进
联想:en使+hance(音似:焊死)→使焊死→“增强”耐久度→enhance the reputation of the company提高公司声誉
enhance one's reputation提高某人的声望
enhance efficiency提高效率
enhance friendship 增进友谊
enhance the image 提升形象
52 refresh v.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
派生:re-再,又+fresh adj.清新的;凉爽的→refresh vt.刷新,使恢复精力,使凉爽→get refreshed恢复精力;得到刷新
refresh oneself使恢复精力;清醒头脑
refresh the document 刷新文件
refresh sb.'s memory使某人想起,唤起某人的回忆
get refreshed变得精力充沛,得到刷新
53 absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收
构词:ab去掉,离去rb吸收→吸收掉→absorb v.吸收→吸引注意力→be absorbed in sth.全神贯注于某事
be absorbed in集中注意力于
拓“集中注意力于”的常见表达:
be devoted to
pay attention to
put one's heart into
lose/bury oneself in
concentrate/fix/focus (one's attention)on
54 Aristotle 亚里土多德(古希腊哲学家)
55 People's Liberation Army (PLA]
中国人民解放军
56 Lao Zi老子(中国古代哲学家)

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