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高中英语人教版2019-选必修第三册
Unit 2词汇笔记
1 tobacco n.烟草;烟叶
2 alcohol n.酒;酒精
3 abuse n.滥用;虐待;辱骂
vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
构词：ab相反＋use用→不（正当）使用→abuse n.＆v.滥用+use
alcohol abuse 酗酒，abuse of power 滥用职权，scream abuse高声谩骂
He was physically and emotionally abused.他的身心受到了摧残。
alcohol abuse酗酒
personal abuse 人身攻击
abuse one's authority/office/power/
position 滥用职权
abuse one＇s privilege 滥用特权
4 physical adj身体的:客观存在的;物理学的
派生：physics n.物理＋-al与······有关的→physical adj.物理学的；符合自然法则的
physical appearance 外貌
physical pain 身体疼痛
physical beauty 形体美
physical exercise 体育锻炼
physical examination 体检
physical education（＝PE）体育
one's physical and mental health某人的身心健康
5 dominate vt. &vi.支配;控制;占有优势
联想：do做＋minate（minute的近似拼写）→做时间的主人，“支配”（dominate）好每一分钟
domin主人；控制＋-ate使；赋予→dominate v.控制
dominate the passions控制强烈的感情
dominate the weaker 支配弱者
dominate the situation 左右形势
political domination 政治上的支配
6 repeatedly adv.重复地
派生：repeat＋-ed→repeated adj.重复的；反复发生的＋-ly······地→repeatedly adv.重复地；再三地
say repeatedly that...重复地说······
repeat oneself重复自己说过的话
repeat the class/grade/year重修这门课／留级／重读一年
repeat sth. (after sb.)（跟某人）读某物
learn by repetition 通过重复来学习
the constant repetition of...不断重复的······
7 psychology
n.心理学;心理;心理影响
构词：psych-心理＋-ology 学科→psychology n.心理学［注意］p不发音
8 cue n.提示;暗示;信号
vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
比较：“提示，线索”（clue）去掉1仍是“提示，暗示”（cue）a cue for sth.／to do sth.······的提示 cue me暗示我
9 in response to回答;答复
示例：in response to one’s enquiry 回复某人的询问
respond v.回答，回应；作出反应，响应
response n.回答；答复；响应，反应
in response to one＇s enquiry回复某人的询问
make no response to对······没作出回应
receive an encouraging response
from从······得到令人鼓舞的回应
make a positive response to对······作出积极的回应
respond to 对······作出回应
表“对······作出回应”时，无论是动词respond 还是名词 response，均搭配介词to。
10 reward n.回报;奖励:报酬
vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
搭配：reward sb.with sth.for（doing sth.）因（做某事）用······回报某人
He rewarded us with a lot of money for helping him.对于我们的帮助，他大加酬谢。
in reward for作为对······的报答；作为······的报酬
as a reward for 作为对······的奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.因某事而给某人报酬
ask for no reward 不要求报酬
reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人
a rewarding experience/job有益的经历／工作
11 rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖
派生：rely＋able可······的，能······的→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的［y变为i］
12 rely on依赖;依靠;信赖
搭配：rely on sb.／sth. to do sth.依靠某人／某物做某事
rely on a compass to get there 依靠指南针到达那儿
rely on=depend on依赖，依靠，指望；相信
rely on sb.for sth.依靠某人提供某物
rely on/upon sb. to do sth.指望／相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon (doing)sth.依赖／信任／指望（做）某事
rely on it that...＝depend on it that...相信／指望·····
当 rely on后接that从句作宾语时，必须先接it再接that从句，it是形式宾语
You can rely on it that Peter would like to accept the suggestion.你可以相信彼得愿意接受这个建议。
13 facilitate vt.促进:促使;使便利
构词：facil（e）容易做的＋it＋-ate使→facilitate vt.促使→facilitate learning 有利于学习，facilitate economic growth加快经济发展
facilitate more rapid economicgrowth 促进更加快速的经济增长
sports/cultural facilities体育／文化设施
public facilities 公共设施
communication facilities 通信设备
computer facilities计算机设备
14 examine vt.(仔细)检查;审查;測验
比较：exam-examine-examination
examine one＇s body 检查身体 take an exam 参加考试
examine...for..检查······找······
examine a witness 审问证人
examine a map 查看地图
examine the quality of a product检查产品的质量
examine sb.in／on sth.测验某人······
15 negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的
构词：neg否认，拒绝＋ative有······倾向（性质）的→否认的→negative adj.消极的，否定的→positive adj.积极的，肯定的表达态度的词：indifferent adj.漠不关心的，supportive adj.支持的
be negative about 对······持否定态度
a negative attitude 否定的态度
have a negative effect on对······有消极的影响
a negative image 负面的形象
become negative 变得消极
a negative view 消极的观点
16 escalator n.自动扶梯;滚梯
构词： escal梯子+ator表名词→escalator自动扶梯
17 straight away立即:马上
同义：at once，right away， right now， immediately
come／get straight to the point 开门见山
be straight with sb.对某人说实话
look straight at me 直直地看着我
walk straight 直走
sit up／stand straight坐直／直立
18 pessimistic adj.悲观的;悲观主义的
派生：pessimist n.悲观主义者＋-ic与······有关的→pessimistic adj——pessimism／n.悲观，悲观情绪，悲观主义
be pessimistic about 对······悲观
a pessimistic view of life对人生的悲观看法
in a pessimistic mood 以悲观的情绪
have a pessimistic attitude to/towards...对······持悲观态度
be optimistic about 对······乐观
be optimistic that...对·······乐观
They are cautiously optimistic that
the reforms will take place.他们对是否实行改革表示谨慎的乐观。
19 discipline n.自制力:纪律;学科
vt.自我控制;管教;处罚
拆分：dis-+cip+line→discipline
不（dis-）刺碰（cip）底线（line），这是“纪律”（discipline）
keep／observe discipline 遵守纪律
strict discipline 严格的纪律
school discipline 校纪
serious discipline problems严重的纪律问题
discipline a child 教训孩子
discipline sb.for...因······而处罚某人
20 pill n.药丸:药片
联想：生“病”（ill）了就要吃“药”（pill）
delete v.删除
拆分：de去掉+lete (=litter)-→去掉垃圾→delete v.删除
delete sth. from sth.把某物从另一物中删除
delete the last paragraph删除最后一段
21 decide on决定:选定
示例：decide on the course for the future 确定未来发展的方向
decide on doing sth.决定做某事
decide on leaving 决定离开
decide on going abroad 决定出国
decide on a target 决定目标
It is／was decided that...已经决定······
a man of decision 果断的人
make a decision 作出决定
decide to do sth.决定做某事
22 make up one's mind下定决心
示例：make up one＇s mind to examine the evidence thoroughly下决心全面检查证据
make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做某事
make up for弥补，补偿
make up 编造；化妆；和好；组成
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make it及时到达；取得成功
23 compose Vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写
构词：com共同+pose放，放置→放到一起→ compose v.-(1nd=)组成→Ten men compose the committee.十人组成了委员会。
be composed of由······组成（或构成）的
compose/write a song写歌
compose／write music作曲
compose a letter/poem/speech写信／诗歌／演讲稿
a classical music composer古典音乐作曲家
a composition by Mozart莫扎特的作品
polish a composition 润色作文
24 be composed of 由...组成(或构成)的
示例：The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
be made up of；consist of（无被动，无进行）
25 surgeon n.外科医生
拆分：sur+ge+on(苏＋哥＋＋昂），苏哥昂是一名“外科医生”）→physician n.内科医生
26 surgery n.外科手术;外科学
串记：At the agency， the gentle surgeon urgently urged the aged agent to go for surgery.
在办事处，温和的外科医生急切地催促年老的代理商做外科手术。
27 liberation n.解放;摆脱
构词：liber自由使·····→liberate v.使自由→解放
liberate v.解放；使自由＋-ion（名词后缀：行为，状态，结果）→liberation n.解放；摆脱
the People's Liberation Army(PLA)中国人民解放军
women＇s liberation 妇女解放
before liberation 解放前
liberate...from使自由；使摆脱约束
liberty of speech 言论自由
at liberty自由；不再受监禁
28 shave vi, vt.&n.剃(须发);刮脸
联想：谁（音似s）有（have）“刮”（shave）胡刀？
29 shave off剃掉;刮去
示例：Charles made up his mind to shave off his beard.查尔斯下决心刮掉胡子。
30 beard n.胡须;络腮胡子
联想：b，d在“耳朵”（ear）两边很对称-络腮胡子
31 disturb vt.打扰;搅乱:使烦恼
构词：dis分散＋tur搅动→搅动开→disturb v.扰乱Sorry to disturb you.对不起，打扰你一下。
disturb sb.打扰某人
disturb a plan 打乱计划
disturb papers on the desk弄乱桌子上的文件
a disturbing piece of news一则令人不安的消息
be disturbed by/about/at对······感到忧虑
be seriously/deeply/greatly disturbed非常烦恼
be disturbed to do sth.做某事感到不安
be disturbed that...对······感到不安
-ing形容词常用来形容事物，表示事物本身具有的性质、特点；
·-ed形容词常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等。
常见的有：interesting，interested；surprising, surprised; exciting,excited；shocking，shocked等。
32 cigarette n.香烟;卷烟
构词：cigar n.雪茄烟＋ette小的东西→cigarette n.香烟
33 specialist n. 专科医生:专家
派生：special adj.特别的，专门的＋-ist表人→specialist n.专家→专科医生
an eye specialist 眼科医生
call in a specialist请专科医生
a celebrated/distinguished/noted specialist 著名专家
an experienced specialist经验丰富的专科医生
a specialist in on...某方面的专家
34 consultant n.顾问;高级顾问医师
派生：consult v.咨询＋+-ant······人→consultant n.顾问→（英国英语）高级顾问医师；会诊医师
consultant service 咨询服务
a consultant program 咨询程序
a consultant mission 顾问团
consultant papers 咨询文件
consult with sb.about／on sth.与某人就某事进行磋商；就某事咨询某人
consult with sb. about a secret与某人商量一个机密
consult a teacher/map/dictionary请教老师／查阅地图／查阅词典
consult sb. about sth.就某事向某人咨询
35 drug n.毒品;药物
对比：rug小地毯一g挖，掘→drug毒品→dig
drug abuse 药物滥用；嗜毒
36 skip v.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走
vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走:跳绳
n.蹦跳
联想：一个黑“皮肤”（skin）的男孩“蹦蹦跳跳地走”（skip）了skip breakfast不吃早饭
go skipping 去跳绳
skip a grade 跳级
skip breakfast 不吃早饭
skip school／class逃学／逃课
skip over the fence 跳过棚栏
skip over略过；遗漏
skip over the details 略过细节
37 dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
示例：Climbing so high made me feel dizzy.爬那么高使我感到头晕目眩。
feel dizzy感到头晕目眩
the dizzy pace of life令人目眩的生活节奏
be dizzy with success 被成功冲昏头脑
38 flu n.流感
示例：She＇s got flu.她患上了流感。
39 stimulate vt.激发;促进:刺激
构词：stimul刺，刺激+ate使，赋予→stimulate vt.刺激；激发
stimulate growth 刺激增长
stimulate demand 刺激需求
stimulate the economy 刺激经济
stimulate sb. to do sth.刺激某人做某事
stimulate one's interest in激发某人在······方面的兴趣
拓artificial stimulation人工刺激
40 dentist n.牙科医生
串记：I＇m confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信这个牙医将会否认这个机密的意外事件。
41 sugary adj.含糖的;甜的
派生：sugar n.糖充满······的；有······特性的→sugary adj.含糖的；甜的
42 nut n.坚果
比较：nut-put-but→切割cut，坚果nut，放入put，但是but
43 skateboard n.滑板
vi.滑滑板
合成：skate滑冰＋board木板→skateboard滑板
44 dynamic
adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的
构词：dynam力量＋ic与······有关；······的→dynamic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→dynamics n.力学；动力学
a dynamic personality充满活力的个性
a dynamic leader一位精力充沛的领导
a dynamic plan 动态规划
45 virus n.病毒;病毒性疾病
46 stress out焦虑不安;疲惫不堪
示例：feel stressed out 感到心力交瘁（＝feel stressed）
get／feel stressed out变得／感到焦虑
under stress在压力下；有压力
lay stress on 强调；重视
stress the fact 强调事实
stress the importance of...强调······的重要性
stress the importance of the stress of
pronunciation 强调发音重读的重要性
47 worn out筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
示例：Can we sit down？I＇m worn out.我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。
［拓］worn out破烂不堪的；废旧的
These shoes are worn out.这些鞋破得不能再穿了。
be worn out＝be／get／feel tired out筋疲力尽
wear sb.／sth.out让某人筋疲力尽；用坏某物
wear away 逐渐磨损，磨蚀出凹痕
wear off 逐渐减弱，渐渐消失
run out 花光，用尽
run out of 花光······，用尽······
48 bowling n.保龄球运动
音译：保龄。bowl碗，木球+-ing→bowling
49 comedy n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
拆分：come+dy→来（come），看第一（dy）场“喜剧”（comedy）
50 monthly adv. & adj.每月:每月- -次的
n.月刊
派生：month n.月，一个月的时间＋-ly→monthly
-ly除表示“以······方式，······地”（如happily）和构成形容词表示“具有······性质”（如 cowardly怯懦的，scholarly学者型的）之外，还可表示“每隔······时间”，再如hourly，daily,weekly
）
a monthly budget月度预算
a monthly news digest每月新闻摘要
the fashion monthlies 时装月刊
类似单词：
daily adv.＆adj.每日；日常的n.日报
weekly adv.＆adj.每周；每周的n.
周报；周刊
yearly adv.＆adj.每年；每年的
51 enhance vt. 提高;增强;增进
联想：en使＋hance（音似：焊死）→使焊死→“增强”耐久度→enhance the reputation of the company提高公司声誉
enhance one＇s reputation提高某人的声望
enhance efficiency提高效率
enhance friendship 增进友谊
enhance the image 提升形象
52 refresh v.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
派生：re-再，又＋fresh adj.清新的；凉爽的→refresh vt.刷新，使恢复精力，使凉爽→get refreshed恢复精力；得到刷新
refresh oneself使恢复精力；清醒头脑
refresh the document 刷新文件
refresh sb.'s memory使某人想起，唤起某人的回忆
get refreshed变得精力充沛，得到刷新
53 absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收
构词：ab去掉，离去rb吸收→吸收掉→absorb v.吸收→吸引注意力→be absorbed in sth.全神贯注于某事
be absorbed in集中注意力于
拓“集中注意力于”的常见表达：
be devoted to
pay attention to
put one's heart into
lose/bury oneself in
concentrate/fix/focus (one's attention)on
54 Aristotle 亚里土多德(古希腊哲学家)
55 People's Liberation Army (PLA]
中国人民解放军
56 Lao Zi老子(中国古代哲学家)

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