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新教材外研版 英语选择性必修第三册 UNIT 5
UNIT 5高频词汇 知识点清单
Unit 5　Learning from nature
高频词汇精讲
1. take...for granted认为……理所当然;(因习以为常而)对……不予重视
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上,我们如此习惯它们以至于我们甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,而没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。 (教材P66)
情景导学
Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的有些人总是理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。(写作—个人独立)
用法归纳
在“take...for granted”中,当宾语是that从句时,常用it作形式宾语 ,构成“take it for granted that...”结构。
词汇拓展
含有take的其他常见短语:
①take...seriously认真对待……
Don’t take what he says seriously. He likes making fun of others.
别把他的话当真。他喜欢取笑别人。
②take...into account/consideration把……考虑在内
③take it easy放轻松;别紧张
④take one’s time别着急;慢慢来
2. respond to 对……做出反应,响应……
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also...因此,这种建筑不仅能对其环境做出反应,使用更少的能源, 而且……(教材P68)
情景导学
Although Joe was upset by the reporter’s words, he responded to his questions politely.尽管乔对记者的话感到不安,但他还是礼貌地回答了记者的问题。 (人教必修三)
用法归纳
respond to还可表示“　对……做出回答/回应 ”。
词汇拓展
①respond v.做出反应;响应;回答,回应
②response n.回答,答复;反应,响应
response to对……的回答/反应
make no/(a) response没有做出回应/做出回应
in response to作为对……的回答/答复/反应/响应
The response to our advertisement has been somewhat disappointing.
(人们)对我们的广告的反应有些令人失望。
In response to the students’ request, the teacher sang a song
.应学生们的要求,老师唱了一首歌。 (写作—活动介绍)
3. employ v.使用,运用;雇用
Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
受海豚的启发,人们学会了如何在水下发送信号,这种方法目前被应用于海啸预警系统。
(教材P71)
情景导学
A number of people have been employed to deal with the work.
已雇用了许多人来处理这项工作。
For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
在过去的三年里,他一直受雇当消防员。
My mother is a teacher whose time is employed in teaching and taking care of our family.我的母亲是一名教师,她的时间都花在教学和照顾我们全家上。(写作—人物介绍)
用法归纳
①employ sb.　as ...雇用某人担任……
②employ sb.　to do sth.雇用某人做某事
③be employed　in (doing) sth.从事某事;忙于(做)某事
词汇拓展
①employment n.使用;雇用;工作;职业;就业
The company where he is employed requires the employment of many people.
他受雇的公司需要雇用好多人。
②employer n.雇主
③employee n.雇员;受雇者
It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
据报道,在一些西方国家,76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。 (2020全国Ⅱ)
4. withdraw v.(使)退出;撤离;取(款);不再给予,停止提供;脱离(社会),不与人交往
Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
两人都乐于从当时的生活中抽身而退,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
(教材P75)
情景导学
Students can withdraw from a class anytime until the last week of the semester.
学生在学期的最后一周之前可随时退出课程。
Jenny withdrew her hand from Alan’s.珍妮把手从艾伦的手里抽了回来。
They withdrew 100 dollars from a bank account after checking out of their hotel.
他们在旅馆结账后,从银行账户中取了100美元。
用法归纳
①withdraw 　from ...退出……
②withdraw...　from ...从……撤离/提取……
5. depressive adj.抑郁的;患抑郁症的
The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive
court life...他所描写的平静祥和的生活与压抑的宫廷生活形成了对比并对其进行了批判…… (教材P76)
词汇拓展
①depress v.使沮丧,使消沉,使失去信心
it depresses sb. to do sth.做某事令某人沮丧
It depresses me to think that I’ll probably still be doing exactly the same job in ten years’ time.想到十年后我可能还在做完全相同的工作,我很沮丧。
②depressing adj.令人抑郁的,令人沮丧的,令人消沉的
③depressed adj.抑郁的,沮丧的,意志消沉的
be/feel depressed about对……感到沮丧
④depression n.抑郁,沮丧,消沉;萧条期,经济衰退,不景气
Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。 (2020天津)
6. depart v.离开;离职
...The smoke above reluctant to depart.
……依依墟里烟。 (教材P76)
情景导学
We are departing for Paris by the next plane.我们将乘下一班次的飞机前往巴黎。
Flights for Rome depart from Terminal 3.飞往罗马的班机从3号航站楼起飞。
Departing from her usual routine, she took the bus to work.
她一反常态,乘公共汽车上班了。
用法归纳
①depart (　for ...) (from...)(从……)离开(前往……)
②depart 　from 违反,背离(常规)
词汇拓展
departure n.起程,离开;(在特定时间)离开的飞机(或火车等)
departure from... 从……离开
the departure lounge/time/gate 候机(或车)室/离站时间/登机(或上车)口
7. resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节,呼吸(新鲜的)空气,畅饮美酒,品尝水果,尽情享受这一切(教材P76)
情景导学
After long thought, she resigned as education minister.
深思熟虑之后,所以她辞去了教育部长一职。
Because her mother needed to be taken care of, she resigned from her job.
因为母亲需要被照顾,她辞去了工作。
I will never resign myself to failure for I believe I can make progress if I keep trying.
我将永远不会听任失败的摆布,因为我相信如果我继续努力就能取得进步。
(写作—成功与失败)
用法归纳
①resign　as ...辞去……的职务
②resign　from ...从……辞职
③resign oneself　to (doing) sth.使某人自己听任/顺从(做)某事
④resign one’s post/position辞去职务
词汇拓展
①resigned adj.顺从的,逆来顺受的
be resigned to (doing) sth.顺从于(做)某事
Don’t be resigned to losing the match. We must try our best.
不要放任比赛失败。我们必须尽全力。
②resignation n.辞职;辞职信;顺从,听任
8. ease n.舒适,悠闲;容易 v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解;使容易
In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在当今的现代化世界,他们关于简单生活和与自然轻松相处的思想可能会让我们离实现个人幸福和满足更近一步。 (教材P76)
情景导学
Through the Internet, we can obtain a large quantity of learning materials with ease.
我们可以通过互联网轻松地获得大量学习资料。
We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
每天穿着校服,我们感到很自在。 (2019江苏)
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth, putting us at ease.
她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意,使我们放松下来。
I gave him some drugs to ease the pain.我给了他一些药以减轻疼痛。
The “double reduction” policy is to ease students’ homework and after-school tutoring burdens.
“双减”政策是为了减轻学生的家庭作业和课后辅导负担。 (China Daily)
用法归纳
①be/feel 　at (sb.’s) ease(with...)(与……相处)感到舒适;自由自在
②put sb. at ease 使某人舒适/自在/不受拘束
③with ease轻松地;毫不费力地
④ease the burden/pain　减轻负担/痛苦
词汇拓展
①easy adj.容易的,不费力的
②easily adv.轻松地,不费力地
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
architect n.建筑师 architecture n.建筑学architectural adj.建筑学的
convert v.使转变;使转换 convert (...) (from...) into/to... (把……)(从……)变成/转换成…… If people convert the wetland into/to farmland, birds will not have enough space to live.如果人们将湿地转化为农田,鸟类将会没有足够的生存空间
wisdom n.智慧 the wisdom of (doing) sth.(做)某事的智慧
wise adj.明智的,充满智慧的 it is wise to do sth.做某事是明智
的wisely adv.明智地
deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地 She spoke clearly and deliberate-ly to the audience. 她对听众演讲,表达清晰,从容不迫。
deliberate adj.故意的;从容不迫的,不慌不忙的
reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的 be reluctant to do sth.不情愿做某事;做某事很勉强
unwilling adj.不情愿的;不愿意的
purity n.纯洁;洁净 purify v.净化pure adj.纯净的
reject v.拒绝接受 reject a decision/an offer/a sug-gestion 拒绝接受一个决定/一项提议/一个建议
refuse v.拒绝,回绝rejection n.拒绝接受
attain v.得到,获得;达到(某年龄、水平、状况) More and more women are at-taining positions of power.越来越多的女性获得权力职位。
attainment n.[U]获得,达到 [C]成就,造诣 attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的
fulfilment n.满足(感) fulfil v.履行;实现;使满意
evaluate v.评估,评价 Writing down your progress allows you to objectively evaluate your work.写下你的进步可以让你客观地评估你的工作。
evaluation n.评估;评价 make an evaluation评估;估计 self evaluation自我评价
经典结构
1. so...that...如此……以至于……
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上,我们如此习惯它们以至于我们甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。 (教材P66)
情景导学
It is so good a film that I like to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好,以至于我想再看一遍。
We had so little time that we couldn’t finish the work on time.
我们的时间那么少,以至于我们不能按时完成这项工作。
There were so many books in the bookstore that he didn’t know which to buy.
书店里有那么多书,他不知道该买哪本。
Lisa left school so hurriedly that she left her homework.
莉萨离开学校时太匆忙,结果把她的家庭作业落下了。
Mother was so moved that her eyes were shining with tears of joy.
母亲感动得双眼闪烁着喜悦的泪水。 (读后续写—神态描写)
In the past, the factory discharged so much waste that water in the near river was polluted.
过去这家工厂排放了如此多的废物,以至于附近河里的水被污染了
用法归纳
①so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,引导结果 状语从句。
②so...that...的基本句型:
so+形容词/副语 +that...
so+形容词/+a/an+可数名词单数+that...
so+ many /few+可数名词复数+that...
so+much/little+不可数名词 +that...
结构拓展
such...that...也可引导结果状语从句。such...that...引导结果状语从句的基本句型:
①such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...
②such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that...
The Palace Museum is such a well- known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
故宫博物院是一个如此著名的旅游景点,以至于每年有数百万人涌入。
(写作—景点介绍)
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
天气太糟糕,以至于我不得不待在家里。
特别提醒
在so/such...that....句型中:
①当名词前有little时,若little 意为“少的”,表数量,则其前用so修饰;若little 意为“小的”,则用such 修饰。
②so/such位于句首时,主句用倒装结构。
Such a lovely girl is she that all her classmates like her.
她是一个很可爱的女孩,因此她所有的同学都喜欢她。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
他讲话声音那么大,甚至隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
2. “特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
...but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
……但即使是最简单的生物也可以帮助教会我们如何实现这一点。 (教材P68)
情景导学
When and where to hold the meeting remains to be discussed further.
何时何地举行会议还有待进一步讨论。
He has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
他为社区的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自己的自行车的机会。 (2021天津3月)
The problem is where to find the economic aid.问题是到哪里去找经济援助。
I really don’t know whether to accept her invitation or not.
我真的不知道是否要接受她的邀请。
用法归纳
　　①“特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构可在句中作主语 、宾语 、 表语
等。不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
　　②whether 后可接不定式,而if不可以。
结构拓展
“特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构可以改写为疑问词/whether引导的从句。
I haven’t decided when to take a holiday yet.=I haven’t decided when I will take a holiday yet.我还没有决定什么时候去度假。
长难句
Sentence 1
译文　这样想很正常,但当然不是伞给了花灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
Sentence 2
译文　津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发,创建了东门中心。
Sentence 3
译文　陶(渊明)回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应,而梭罗的归隐则是改变他生活方式的个人决定。
必备语法
复习:非谓语动词(短语)作主语、宾语和表语
一、非谓语动词(短语)作主语
1.非谓语动词(短语)作主语的基本用法
情景导学
To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn English.大声读是学习英语的一个好方法。
用法归纳
(1)非谓语动词(短语)中能作主语的是动词不定式(短语)和动名词(短语),分
词不能作主语。
(2) 动词不定式（短语） 作主语多表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作;
动名词（短语） 作主语常表示经常性、习惯性的动作。动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)作主语时谓语动词通常用单数 形式。
2.it代替非谓语动词短语作形式主语
情景导学
It is difficult for her to get up early in the morning.早上早起对她来说很困难。
It is impolite of you to disturb others.你打扰他人是不礼貌的。
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
用法归纳
(1)当较长的不定式短语或动名词短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,常用it 作形
式主语,而将动词不定式短语或动名词短语后置。
(2)常用it代替不定式短语作主语的句式有:
　　It is+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.(如果形容词说明的是人的性格或特征,如careless、
clever、kind、impolite等,不定式的逻辑主语需由of 引出。如果形容词说明的是
不定式的性质,如difficult、easy、hard、important、impossible等,则由for 引出不
定式的逻辑主语。)
　　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一些时间。
(3)常用it代替动名词短语作主语的句式有:
　　It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
　　It’s useless doing sth.做某事没用。
　　It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。
二、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语
1.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语的基本用法
情景导学
The place he wanted to go to is the Summer Palace.他想去的地方是颐和园。
Maria bent her head to avoid being recognized.玛丽亚垂下头,避免被人认出。
用法归纳
(1)非谓语动词(短语)中能作宾语的是动词不定式(短语)和动名词(短语),分词不能作宾语。
(2)动词不定式(短语)可作及物动词的宾语,常接动词不定式(短语)作宾语的动词有:
　　同意提出有计划(agree、offer、plan)
　　要求答应想帮忙(demand、promise、want 、help)
　　准备决定要拒绝(prepare、decide、refuse)
　　期望选择有希望(expect、choose、hope/wish)
　　未能负担莫假装(fail、afford、pretend)
　　打算设法决心坚(intend、manage、determine)
(3)动名词(短语)可作及物动词或介
词的宾语,常接动名词(短语)作宾语的动词(短语)有:
　　考虑建议少延期(consider、suggest/advise、delay/put off)
　　避免错过继续练(avoid 、miss、keep/keep on、practise)
　　否认完成就欣赏(deny、finish、enjoy)
　　禁止想象才冒险(forbid、imagine、risk)
　　不禁介意准避开(can’t help、mind、allow/permit、escape)
(4)常接动名词(短语)作宾语的结构有:
　　have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
　　spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费一些时间做某事
　　be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
2.既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
情景导学
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨
论这个计划。
Please remember to give my regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆(的情景)。
I meant to pay a visit to you the other day.前几天我打算去拜访你。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
错过这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
用法归纳
(1)有些动词后既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,且意义差别不大,这类动词有:begin、 start、 continue、 prefer、 like、 love、 hate等。
(2)有些动词(短语)后既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,且意义差别很大,这类动词(短语)有:
动词(短语) 接不定式作宾语 接动名词作宾语
remember 记着去做某事 记得做过某事
forget 忘记要做某事 忘记做过某事
mean 打算去做某事 意味着做某事
regret 遗憾地做某事 后悔已经做过某事
try 努力去做某事 试着做某事
go on (做完某事)继续做另外一件事 继续做同一件事
can’t help 不能帮着做某事 禁不住做某事
特别提醒
need/require/want作“需要”讲时,deserve作“应受;应得”讲时,其后接动名词的主动形式,
相当于接动词不定式的被动形式,都表示“某事需要/值得被做”。
The roof needs repairing.=The roof needs to be repaired.屋顶需要修理了。
三、非谓语动词作表语
情景导学
Our goal is to be admitted into the famous universities.
我们的目标是被著名的大学录取。
Her job is teaching.她的职业是教书。
The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.
我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。
He felt thoroughly disappointed.他感到完全失望了。
用法归纳
(1)动词不定式作表语,常用于表示主语的状态、目的或内容等;
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表示笼统的、抽象的概念;
(3)现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,多用于说明主语的性质、特征,不可与主语互换位置,表示心理情感的现在分词意为“令人……的 ”。
(4)过去分词作表语时相当于形容词,多用来表示主语的状态或状况,表示心理情感的过去分词意为“感到……的”。
即时巩固
单句语法填空
1.(2021全国甲) It is possible 　to walk (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ)One was that I was 　amazed (amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
3.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 　looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
4.I didn’t mean 　to eat (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help 　trying (try) it.
5.Many Westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 　it can be to eat out.
6.You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be　boring (bore).
7.It is no use　keeping (keep) silent about such a matter.
8.I regret to tell (tell) you that my sister regrets 　making(make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.
9.The purpose of my writing is　to tell (tell) you that we will have an outing.
10.—Did you have difficulty finding (find) Ann’s house
—Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

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