资源简介

邵东一中2023年下学期高三第四次月考英语试卷
时间： 120分钟 总分： 150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，每小题1.5分，共30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where are the speakers most probably
A.In a restaurant B.In a bakery C.In a fruit shop
2.What should be avoided in bear encounters
A.Flee away immediately B.Stay where you are C.Seek shelter in a tree
3.Where did the woman go yesterday
A.To a park B.To an exhibition C.To her sister’s
4.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Office colleagues B.Board members C.Business partners
5.What does the athlete owe his success to
A.Racing at sea level B.Training at high altitudes C.Living in a mountainous area
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.What kind of story is The Women in White
A.An art story B.An adventure story C.A detective story
7.Why will it take Camille a bit of time to finish reading the book
A.It is written in French B.It is quite a long story C.It has a rather complex plot
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.What do the speakers think of taikonauts’ mission
A.Heroic yet lonely B.Honourable yet risky C.Costly yet irreplaceable
9.What does the woman insist on about space exploration
A.Having manned space travel
B.Modernizing space governance
C.Investing in space exploration
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why do Chinese people like to call foreigners “lao wai”
A.To show respect to the old age
B.To convey the idea of a close relationship
C.To stress someone is from another culture
11.What do we learn about the man
A.He disliked Chinese food B.He preferred to travel alone C.He cared about personal privacy
12.What is the conversation mainly about
A.Personal identity B.Interpersonal relationship C.Cultural understanding
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How does the man feel about the play on at Paramount Theater
A.Uninterested B.Disappointed C.Satisfied
14.What do we know about the play on at the Riverside Theater
AIt stars Neil Simon
B.It has been reviewed favorably
C.It is the new adaptation of a classic
15.Which play do they decide to go and see
A.Romeo and Juliet B.The Head of the Snake C.Barefoot in the Park
16.How will the woman purchase the ticket
A.Via Internet B.By phone C.In person
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Who inspired the speaker
A. Erene Gerrard B.Dan Rather C.Richard Genee
18.What was the speaker’s teacher like
A.Flexible B.Approachable C.Knowledgeable
19.What did the speaker’s teacher do to help her
A.He gave her high grades in tests
B.He offered her an editor position
C.He encouraged her to stick to her career path
20.What is the speaker
A.A writer B.A teacher C.A publisher
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
Opened in 1900, this library is part of the University of Manchester, one of the top five universities in the UK. This library offers limitless research potential for students. Whether you want to make use of the rich collections available, or simply explore the site, this library should be on everyone’s must-see list.
The Mitchell Library, Glasgow
The Mitchell Library is one of Glasgow’s most famous landmarks. On the top of the copper dome(圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.
1. Which library requires a reading pass to enter the reading room
A The British Library B. The Mitchel 1 Library
C. John Rylands Library D. Bodleian Old Library
2. At the Mitchell Library, tourists can .
A. join research groups
B. admire Gothic architecture
C. enjoy Glasgow’s rooftop views
D. refer to Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook
3. In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A. Culture B. Fashion C. Science D. Entertainment
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在英国必须去的四个博物馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The British Library, London小标题下的“Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.(众所周知，有阅读证的学生一次会在阅览室里待上几个小时。)”可知，英国图书馆需要有阅读证才能进入阅览室。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Mitchell Library, Glasgow中的介绍“On the top of the copper dome(圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.(在铜圆顶的顶部是一尊罗马女神密涅瓦的青铜雕像。游客可以爬上圆顶，欣赏这座城市最独特的屋顶景色。)”可知，在米切尔图书馆，游客可以欣赏到格拉斯哥的屋顶景色。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选A。
B
Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I’m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said Brennan.
The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always drink the river,” she says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.
However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a cheeseburger. She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them her location every 10minutes or so.
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isn’t lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.
4. What can be learned about Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1
A. She longs for calmness. B. She seeks inner peace.
C. She is fond of travelling. D. She is tired of everyday housework.
5. Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”
A Because he keeps track of her. B. Because he arranges the route for her.
C. Because he accompanies her on the river. D. Because he contacts her with calls and texts.
6. What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Cautious. B. Fearless. C. Ambitious. D. Thoughtless.
7. How is Brennan’s kayak trip according to the passage
A. Odd and instructive. B. Romantic and thrilling
C. Costly and relaxing D. Tough and rewarding.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯茜·布伦南用她的黄色皮艇独自旅行的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. (这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”可知，凯茜·布伦南独自旅行是为了寻求内心的平静。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits.”(她还会和丈夫约翰联系，他帮她选择了河流，并在家里研究了旅行。“他是我有福的虚拟夏尔巴人。”)”可知，布伦南认为她的丈夫是“有福的虚拟夏尔巴人”，因为他为她安排路线。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.(布伦南在湖边长大，从小就擅长游泳和划船。在穿越险滩时，她会仔细观察天气。她对自己的营地和周围的人都很谨慎。当她感到不安全时，她会收拾好装备，回到河上)”可知，布伦南非常谨慎，并不鲁莽。由此可知，划线词reckless与thoughtless“轻率的，欠考虑的”意思接近。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now.(这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”及最后一段中的“She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.(她认为，我们都需要与有线世界断开一些联系，以发现我们周围更广阔的世界)”可知推，布伦南的旅行虽然很艰难，但是很值得。故选D。
C
If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks — a big red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Could you still find your way home？A loggerhead turtle（海龟）could.
According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic（磁力的）sense based on Earth's magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.
Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees, can detect（探测到）magnetic fields. The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs.
As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure out how to use their magnetic sense Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light on the sea.
Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”（罗盘）. He and his team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.
At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. When the researchers reversed（颠倒）the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new "east".
This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic "compasses" and then remember the "correct" direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle.
Lohmann's work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species. Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers have a lot to study.
8. Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they______.
A. detect magnetic fields B. recognize landmarks
C. learn to find directions D. bring up their young
9. In the experiment, after the newborns' magnetic sense was set, their moving direction was determined by______.
A. the light B. other unknown factors
C. the magnetic field D. the light and the magnetic field
10. What is the significance of Lohmann's research work
A. It enables researchers to keep track of turtles.
B. It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field.
C. It helps protect the loggerheads' living environment.
D. It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.
11. What could be the best title of the passage
A. Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals
B. Experiments on Loggerheads
C. The Survival of the Sea Turtle
D. The Loggerhead's Built-in "Compass"
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红海龟与其它很多动物一样都可以感知磁场。与其它动物感知磁场不同的是，海龟依靠光来感知磁场。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults.(然而，它们和红海龟的不同之处在于它们学习使用磁感应的方式。)”可知，海龟和鲸鱼、蜜蜂在寻找方向方面有所不同。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.(在水箱周围，科学家们创造了一个与地球磁场相匹配的磁场。他们在磁场的东边放了一束微弱的光。然后他们放了这些新生幼海龟。)”和第六段“At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. When the researchers reversed（颠倒）the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new "east".(刚开始，这些新生幼海龟游向光线。在科学家关掉灯之后，在东方看到光的海龟总是往东游。当研究人员逆转磁场时，这些海龟掉头向新的“东方”游去。)”可知，磁感应设定后，其运动方向由磁场决定，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Lohmann’s work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species.( Lohmann的工作促使其他人保护这种濒危物种的栖息地。)”可知，Lohmann的研究工作的意义在于它有助于保护红海龟的生存环境。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了红海龟与其它很多动物一样都可以感知磁场。与其它动物感知磁场不同的是，海龟依靠光来感知磁场。所以The Loggerhead's Built-in "Compass"(海龟的内置“指南针”)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
D
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
12. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
13. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B. achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
14. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
15. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人工智能，随着科技的发展，机器人可能会超出人类的控制，所以短文对人与机器人之间的关系进行了探讨。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，一台具有特定用途的机器还有另外一个特性，这个特性我们通常与生物联系在一起: 一种希望保持自身存在的愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ___16___
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ___17___ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ___18___
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ___19___The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ___20___ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
【16题详解】
根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
【17题详解】
前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
【18题详解】
该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接．也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tononi的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。
【20题详解】
该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯．该空前面一句里出现了protect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和important呼应．也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization ___21___ for all
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce _____22_____ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth ____23____ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes ___24___ at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who ___25___ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. ___26___, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in ___27___ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually ___28___ the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually ___29___ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. ______30______, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to ______31______ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of ______32______. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to ______33______ and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no ______34______. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The ______35______ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
21. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy
22. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population
23. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing
24. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase
25. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore
26. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all
27. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign
28. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening
29. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn
30. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
31. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise
32. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind
33. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out
34. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back
35. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，文章主要讲述的是市场开放，即全球化给人们带来的影响。文章中包含两种相反的观点，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的好处，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的问题，各有充足的论点和论据。文章最后得出结论：全球化不可避免、无回头路可走，只有想办法找到一条最好的全球化的道路。
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：问题是，经济全球化对所有人都好吗（有好处吗） A．possible可能的；B．smooth顺利的，光滑的，平稳的；C．good好的；D．easy简单的。根据上一句的“increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market可知，逐渐地把世界经济转变为了一个自由流动的全球大市场，很明显这是讲市场开放的好处，这里是针对这种情况进行发问，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：经济全球化帮助减少贫困。A．crime 犯罪；B．poverty贫困；C．conflict冲突；D．population人口。根据后文的“It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries ”中的increased wealth(增加的财富)可知，市场开放给这些国家带来了财富的增加，财富增加了，那么就是减少了贫困问题。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：增加的财富使教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长。A．contributing促成，导致；B．responding对……做出反应；C．turning转向，向某人求助；D．owing to由于。根据后面的improved education and longer life可知，教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长，因此是产生了好的促进作用，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：这24个国家的人的收入增加了平均百分之五。A．remain仍然；B．drop下降；C．shift转移，变换；D．increase增加。根据上文中的It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries可知，这24个国家的财富增加了，也就是说他们的收入增加了，即increase。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会。A．doubt怀疑；B．define定义、规定、明确；C．advocate提倡，拥护；D．ignore忽视。根据后面的 economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses可知，发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会，尤其是其中的“benefit from”可知，该观点的those（人们）是支持，提倡市场开放的，故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。上一句讲到了小型的、家庭型的生意会获得更多的机会，该句讲的是他们具体是得到怎样的机会，因此属于具体说明、举例说明，故选择B项的for instance，意为“例如”。In addition意为“此外”，表递进关系。In other words换句话说。All in all总而言之。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。A．mature成熟的；B．new新的；C．local当地的；D．foreign国外的。根据后面的“can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.”中的now, worldwide与前半句的originally和 in 56 open-air markets 是对比关系，即过去是当地市场，现在市场开放后是全球市场。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：经济全球化加大了穷人和富人之间的差距。A．finding找到；B．exploring探索；C．bridging架桥、度过；D．widening变宽。根据前面的“Critics take a different view”可知，该部分陈述的是反对市场开放的观点，因此他们认为市场开放会加大（widen）穷人和富人之间的差距。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：只有少部分发展中国家是从中（市场开放）收益的。A．suffered遭受；B．profited获益、盈利；C．learned学习；D．withdrawn撤退、收回。根据后面的“the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind”可知，穷人、未受教育的人、没有技术的工人和当地人都被丢在了后面，也就是说只有少部分人是从中（市场开放）收益的，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：而且全球化会逐渐威胁到新兴企业。A．Furthermore此外，表递进关系；B．Therefore因此，因果关系；C．However然而，转折关系；D．Otherwise否则，转折关系。根据下文的“globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses.”可知，该观点与上面几句的观点类似，都是属于反对市场开放的，但是该观点与上面的加大贫富差距不一样，因此跟上一观点是递进关系，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：例如，印度的手艺人目前看起来是从全球化中收益了，因为他们可以出口他们的商品，但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。A．consume消耗、消费；B．deliver递送，发表；C．export出口；D．advertise做广告。根据上文中的“small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet”可知，当地人可以通过互联网把商品卖到世界各地，即向国外出口（export)商品，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。根据前文face fierce competition可知，激烈的竞争可能会导致他们破产，即out of business。Out of trouble 脱离困境；out of power丧失权力；out of mind心不在焉。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。A．keep up保持、继续、不落后；B．come in进来；C．go around四处走动、供应；D．help out帮助……摆脱困境。根据上文的out of business和下文的be crowded out可知，此处指的是小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：全球化是必然，是没有回头路可走的。A．taking off起飞，脱掉；B．getting along相处、进展；C．holding out伸出、坚持；D．turning back往回走。根据下文可知，随着科技的发展，还会有更多的开放政策，将会出现更好的全球化，因此可知，全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走的，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：目前最大的挑战就是找到一个方法，来创造出一个能够对每一个人都有好处的全球化。A．agreement同意、一致；B．prediction预测、预计；C．outcome后果；D．challenge挑战。创造出对每个人都有好处的全球化是一个挑战。故选D。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Huazhao Festival have remained silent for centuries. However, the traditional festival closely ____36____ (connect) with spring is coming back to life, because of growing enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture and a rising need for seasonal sightseeing tours.
Huazhao Festival ____37____ (say) to be celebrated as the birthday of the flower goddess in every second month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Its origin can date ____38____ the period before the Qin Dynasty and was ____39____ (official) set as a festival during the Sui and Tang dynasties. During the Tang Dynasty, the festival ____40____ (fall) on the 15th day of the second lunar month. It was one of the three nationwide celebrate back then. The other two were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
However, the timing of the festival varies between regions, because of the difference in when flowering begins. As ___41___ result, many parts of the country took turns ____42____ (launch) their celebrations as if presenting a feast for the eyes in relay.
Despite ____43____ (variety) highlights, the festive celebrations across different regions shared the features of hanfu — a traditional Chinese style of clothing — and flower appreciation. The festival also plays a key role in boosting shopping and caters to spending in nearby areas.
Its renaissance reflects the change in young people’s aesthetic orientation (审美取向), emotional needs and consumption preferences, and indicates their ____44____ (recognize) of excellent traditional Chinese culture. Behind that is the ____45____ (grow) cultural confidence among young people.
【答案】36. connected
37. is said
38. from 39. officially
40. fell 41. a
42. to launch
43. various
44. recognition
45. growing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了花朝节的起源和节日活动等相关情况。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于人们对中国传统文化的热情日益高涨，对季节性观光旅游的需求不断增加，这个与春天密切相关的传统节日又重新焕发了生机。be connected with和……相关，此处应用过去分词作定语，故填connected。
【37题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：据说花朝节是在中国农历的每个第二个月庆祝花女神的生日。主语Huazhao Festival和动词say之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be said to do据说，主语表示单数意义，be动词用is，故填is said。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：它起源可以追溯到秦朝之前的时期，并在隋唐时期被正式定为节日。date from追溯到，固定短语，故填from。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词set应用副词形式，故填officially。
【40题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：在唐朝，这个节日是在农历二月十五日。根据时间状语“During the Tang Dynasty”可知句子应用一般过去时，故填fell。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：因此，全国许多地方轮流举行庆祝活动，仿佛在传递中呈现一场赏心悦目的盛宴。as a result因此，固定短语，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。take turns to do sth轮流做某事，故填to launch。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管亮点各不相同，但不同地区的节日庆祝活动都有汉服（一种中国传统服装）和赏花的特点。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词highlights，various各种各样的，形容词，故填various。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：它的复兴反映了年轻人审美取向、情感需求和消费偏好的变化，表明了他们对中国优秀传统文化的认可。结合空前的their可知，空处应填名词作宾语，recognition认可，不可数名词，故填recognition。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这背后是年轻人日益增长的文化自信。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词confidence，growing增长的，形容词，故填growing。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节： 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。十一国庆假期你去某个城市旅行了，请你给你的美国笔友Terry写一封信，分享你的旅游见闻。内容包括：
1. 这个城市的美景和美食；
2. 邀请他去这个城市游玩。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Terry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Terry,
I hope this letter finds you well. I recently went on a vacation to Nanjing during the National Day holiday and I want to share my travel experience with you.
Nanjing is a city filled with beautiful scenery and delicious food. One of the highlights of my trip was visiting the famous Purple Mountain, where I had the opportunity to hike and enjoy the breathtaking views of the city. The historic sites, such as the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the Nanjing City Wall, were also incredibly impressive.
In terms of food, Nanjing is known for its local cuisine, such as Nanjing salted duck, whose delicious flavour made my mouth water.
Give a visit to Nanjing during your free time. I’m sure you’ll like it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于十一国庆假期去了某个城市旅行这一情况，给你的美国笔友Terry写一封信，分享你的旅游见闻。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：opportunity→ chance
因……而出名：is known for→ is famous for
景色：scenery→ sights
就……而言：In terms of→ As far as...be concerned
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nanjing is a city filled with beautiful scenery and delicious food.
拓展句：Nanjing is an attractive city, which is filled with beautiful scenery and delicious food.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One of the highlights of my trip was visiting the famous Purple Mountain, where I had the opportunity to hike and enjoy the breathtaking views of the city.（运用了关系副词where引导的定语从句。）
【高分句型2】In terms of food, Nanjing is known for its local cuisine, such as Nanjing salted duck, whose delicious flavour made my mouth water.（运用了关系代词whose引导的定语从句。）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The rivers and streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon, we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and saw the best miracle (奇迹) in my life.
I was making lunch for the family in the kitchen when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches, thinking that whatever task he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, very careful not to spill (洒出) the water he held. I stepped closer as he went into the woods. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, I almost screamed at him to get away. A huge buck was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to drink the water in my boy’s hands.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and a small trickle began to creep out. He knelt down and began to cup his hands, letting the drips slowly fill up his “cup”. And now I knew what’s going on. The week before, he had made the same trouble with our horses, which caused his father scolded him for wasting water. That should be the reason he didn’t ask me for help. It took almost 20 minutes for the drops to fill his hands. When he stood up and turned back, I was there in front of him. At the sight of me, Billy was stunned to the spot. His eyes were filled with tears. “Mom, I’m not wasting water.” He said quietly. I quickened my pace forward and hugged him tightly, tears rolling down my cheeks. “I see, good boy,” I said gently.
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him look after the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drops...and more. I looked up at the sky. It was raining! I couldn’t believe my eyes! It was as if God himself, was weeping with pride. I surprisingly perceived that the rain was a real miracle, saving our farm, just like my boy saved a life!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者所在地区差不多一个月没下雨了，庄稼快死了，奶牛也停止产奶了，但在旱季最热的一天里，作者发现六岁的儿子比利拿着水偷偷摸摸地朝树林走去，去给一头小鹿喂水，作者大感惊讶，学到了分享的真谛，见证了有生以来见过的最好的奇迹。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当水没了，比利跳起来跑回房子。”可知，第一段可描写作者跟在儿子比利身后看儿子回去取水，儿子发现了作者，害怕地说自己没有浪费水。
②由第二段首句内容“这次我和他一起，从厨房里舀了一小口水。”可知，第二段可描写作者帮儿子一起取水给鹿，然而出现了奇迹：天上下雨了。
2.续写线索：跟随——取水——发现——帮助——下雨——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始双手成杯状：began to cup both hands / started to cup both hands
②站起来：stood up/rose to his feet
③充满：be full of/be filled with
情绪类
①惊讶地：surprisingly/in astonishment
②哭泣：weeping/crying
【点睛】[高分句型1]And now I knew what’s going on.（由what引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The week before, he had made the same trouble with our horses, which caused his father scolded him for wasting water.（由which引导的非限制性的定语从句）
听力答案： 1-5 BAACB 6-10 CABAB 11-15 CCABB 16-20 CCBCA邵东一中2023年下学期高三第四次月考英语试卷
时间： 120分钟 总分： 150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，每小题1.5分，共30分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where are the speakers most probably
A.In a restaurant B.In a bakery C.In a fruit shop
2.What should be avoided in bear encounters
A.Flee away immediately B.Stay where you are C.Seek shelter in a tree
3.Where did the woman go yesterday
A.To a park B.To an exhibition C.To her sister’s
4.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Office colleagues B.Board members C.Business partners
5.What does the athlete owe his success to
A.Racing at sea level B.Training at high altitudes C.Living in a mountainous area
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.What kind of story is The Women in White
A.An art story B.An adventure story C.A detective story
7Why will it take Camille a bit of time to finish reading the book
A.It is written in French B.It is quite a long story C.It has a rather complex plot
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.What do the speakers think of taikonauts’ mission
A.Heroic yet lonely B.Honourable yet risky C.Costly yet irreplaceable
9.What does the woman insist on about space exploration
A.Having manned space travel
B.Modernizing space governance
C.Investing in space exploration
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Why do Chinese people like to call foreigners “lao wai”
A.To show respect to the old age
B.To convey the idea of a close relationship
C.To stress someone is from another culture
11.What do we learn about the man
A.He disliked Chinese food B.He preferred to travel alone C.He cared about personal privacy
12.What is the conversation mainly about
A.Personal identity B.Interpersonal relationship C.Cultural understanding
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How does the man feel about the play on at Paramount Theater
A.Uninterested B.Disappointed C.Satisfied
14.What do we know about the play on at the Riverside Theater
A.It stars Neil Simon
BIt has been reviewed favorably
C.It is the new adaptation of a classic
15.Which play do they decide to go and see
A.Romeo and Juliet B.The Head of the Snake C.Barefoot in the Park
16.How will the woman purchase the ticket
A.Via Internet B.By phone C.In person
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Who inspired the speaker
A. Erene Gerrard B.Dan Rather C.Richard Genee
18.What was the speaker’s teacher like
A.Flexible B.Approachable C.Knowledgeable
19.What did the speaker’s teacher do to help her
A.He gave her high grades in tests
B.He offered her an editor position
C.He encouraged her to stick to her career path
20.What is the speaker
A.A writer B.A teacher C.A publisher
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
Opened in 1900, this library is part of the University of Manchester, one of the top five universities in the UK. This library offers limitless research potential for students. Whether you want to make use of the rich collections available, or simply explore the site, this library should be on everyone’s must-see list.
The Mitchell Library, Glasgow
The Mitchell Library is one of Glasgow’s most famous landmarks. On the top of the copper dome(圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.
1. Which library requires a reading pass to enter the reading room
A. The British Library B. The Mitchel 1 Library
C. John Rylands Library D. Bodleian Old Library
2. At the Mitchell Library, tourists can .
A. join research groups
B. admire Gothic architecture
C. enjoy Glasgow’s rooftop views
D. refer to Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook
3. In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A. Culture B. Fashion C. Science D. Entertainment
B
Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I’m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said Brennan.
The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always drink the river,” she says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.
However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a cheeseburger. She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them her location every 10minutes or so.
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isn’t lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.
4. What can be learned about Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1
A. She longs for calmness. B. She seeks inner peace.
C. She is fond of travelling. D. She is tired of everyday housework.
5. Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”
A. Because he keeps track of her. B. Because he arranges the route for her.
C. Because he accompanies her on the river. D. Because he contacts her with calls and texts.
6. What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Cautious. B. Fearless. C. Ambitious. D. Thoughtless.
7. How is Brennan’s kayak trip according to the passage
A. Odd and instructive. B. Romantic and thrilling
C. Costly and relaxing D. Tough and rewarding.
C
If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks — a big red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Could you still find your way home？A loggerhead turtle（海龟）could.
According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic（磁力的）sense based on Earth's magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.
Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees, can detect（探测到）magnetic fields. The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs.
As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure out how to use their magnetic sense Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light on the sea.
Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”（罗盘）. He and his team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.
At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. When the researchers reversed（颠倒）the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new "east".
This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic "compasses" and then remember the "correct" direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle.
Lohmann's work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species. Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers have a lot to study.
8. Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they______.
A. detect magnetic fields B. recognize landmarks
C. learn to find directions D. bring up their young
9. In the experiment, after the newborns' magnetic sense was set, their moving direction was determined by______.
A. the light B. other unknown factors
C. the magnetic field D. the light and the magnetic field
10. What is the significance of Lohmann's research work
A. It enables researchers to keep track of turtles.
B. It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field.
C. It helps protect the loggerheads' living environment.
D It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.
11. What could be the best title of the passage
A. Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals
B. Experiments on Loggerheads
C. The Survival of the Sea Turtle
D. The Loggerhead's Built-in "Compass"
D
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
12. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
13. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A prevent themselves from being destroyed
B. achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
14. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
15. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ___16___
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ___17___ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ___18___
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ___19___The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ___20___ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization ___21___ for all
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce _____22_____ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth ____23____ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes ___24___ at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who ___25___ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. ___26___, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in ___27___ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually ___28___ the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually ___29___ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. ______30______, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to ______31______ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of ______32______. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to ______33______ and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no ______34______. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The ______35______ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.
21. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy
22. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population
23. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing
24. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase
25. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore
26. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all
27. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign
28. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening
29. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn
30. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
31. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise
32. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind
33. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out
34. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back
35. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Huazhao Festival have remained silent for centuries. However, the traditional festival closely ____36____ (connect) with spring is coming back to life, because of growing enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture and a rising need for seasonal sightseeing tours.
Huazhao Festival ____37____ (say) to be celebrated as the birthday of the flower goddess in every second month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Its origin can date ____38____ the period before the Qin Dynasty and was ____39____ (official) set as a festival during the Sui and Tang dynasties. During the Tang Dynasty, the festival ____40____ (fall) on the 15th day of the second lunar month. It was one of the three nationwide celebrate back then. The other two were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
However, the timing of the festival varies between regions, because of the difference in when flowering begins. As ___41___ result, many parts of the country took turns ____42____ (launch) their celebrations as if presenting a feast for the eyes in relay.
Despite ____43____ (variety) highlights, the festive celebrations across different regions shared the features of hanfu — a traditional Chinese style of clothing — and flower appreciation. The festival also plays a key role in boosting shopping and caters to spending in nearby areas.
Its renaissance reflects the change in young people’s aesthetic orientation (审美取向), emotional needs and consumption preferences, and indicates their ____44____ (recognize) of excellent traditional Chinese culture. Behind that is the ____45____ (grow) cultural confidence among young people.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节： 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。十一国庆假期你去某个城市旅行了，请你给你的美国笔友Terry写一封信，分享你的旅游见闻。内容包括：
1. 这个城市的美景和美食；
2. 邀请他去这个城市游玩。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Terry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The rivers and streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon, we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and saw the best miracle (奇迹) in my life.
I was making lunch for the family in the kitchen when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously walking with a great effort trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches, thinking that whatever task he had been doing was completed.
Moments later, however, he was once again walking toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, very careful not to spill (洒出) the water he held. I stepped closer as he went into the woods. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He had a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, I almost screamed at him to get away. A huge buck was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to drink the water in my boy’s hands.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案： 1-5 BAACB 6-10 CABAB 11-15 CCABB 16-20 CCBCA

展开更多......

收起↑