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上海市行知中学2023-2024学年第一学期期中考试
高三年级 英语试卷
(满分140分，时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Fresh. B. Salty. C. Tender. D. Dry.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A luxurious tie. B. A set of classic works.
C. A red scarf. D. A wallet.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. In a barbershop. B. In the cinema. C. In the mall. D. In the library.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The boy stayed up all night. B. The boy came home too early.
C. The boy is forgiven. D. The boy didn’t go home at night.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She will accompany the man who asks questions.
B. She also doesn’t know the meaning of the term.
C. She sympathized with the man very much.
D. She is well aware of the meaning of the newly coined term.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She needs to hurry. B. The alarm clock didn’t ring.
C She broke the alarm clock. D. She is late for school.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $ 10,000. B. 11 ,000. C. 12 ,000. D. $11 ,000
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He couldn’t offer help because of his foot injury.
B. He can’t stand the noise of these boxes moving.
C. He can’t stand the woman carrying these boxes.
D. He doesn’t want to carry the box down from the fifth floor.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He is just an ordinary man, not a hero.
B. He wants the woman to publicize his deeds.
C. He has already finished financial aid for students.
D. He wants the woman to keep it a secret.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman likes to take a shower before going to bed.
B. The man can’t have a shower before going to bed.
C. Hot water is supplied in the hotel until 10 p. m. in winter.
D The hotel still supplies hot water after 10 p. m.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Have a professional energy checkup.
B. Update all the household appliances.
C. Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup.
D. Find the leaks on the outside of your home.
12.
A. Because it can help you save energy in a house.
B. Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first.
C. Because it can help you remember where you have inspected.
D. Because it can help you reduce the air leaks.
13.
A. How to choose a professional energy checkup.
B. How to conduct the home energy checkup.
C. How to make a list of obvious air leaks.
D. How to save energy in your home.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. To make people remember him.
B. To show his excellent talent.
C. To remember the moments in university.
D. To recall his childhood.
15.
A. It used some advanced narrative skills.
B. It is easy to understand the deep meaning.
C. It has a kind of bell ringing quality.
D It is suitable to recite aloud with expression.
16.
A. He likes to compose poems at quiet corners.
B. He graduated from Harvard University in 1995.
C. He wrote only two poems in his life.
D. He had a good time at Harvard.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. His office is richly decorated.
B. He has used this office for a week.
C. His office is very modem.
D. His office space is spacious enough.
18.
A. To record his trip next week.
B. To communicate with overseas scholars.
C. To collect cost-effective web cameras.
D. To record the contents of the report file.
19.
A. A chair that rises up and down and has arms.
B. A modem simple chair.
C. A folded chair without a handle.
D. A second-hand solid wood chair.
20.
A. How to choose a web camera.
B. How to prepare for an online meeting report.
C. How to improve Professor White’s office.
D. How to decorate Professor White’s Office.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place, they may bring in bacteria that ____21____ (not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ____22____ these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. ____23____ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ____24____ happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ____25____ cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria ____26____ (grow). Then when the air-conditioner ____27____ (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by ____28____ time 221 people had become seriously ill.
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste ____29____ (dump) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, ____30____ (provide) a perfect environment for cholera, a fatal disease.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits. They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their ____31____, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The ____32____ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should ____33____ the market within a few years.
Frederic Zenhausern, director of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of “biometric bodysuits” that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such “smart” clothing could ____34____ future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said. “The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and fluidics (流体学) can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of ____35____ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic.” he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different ____36____. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health. It is made of clear vinyl (乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fluidic devices. In the future, such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or ____37____ as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors and patterns, Zenhausern said. And it could all be made to look stylish by the ____38____ of electronics and high-fashion designs, he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ____39____ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy, a Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, sees possibilities to ____40____ the technology in building design. As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical (词汇的) content,” notes linguist Barbara A. Fox, “they can play a strategic syntactic (句法的) role in a(n) ____41____ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase (整句字) ____42____ the context. “Hey, hey, shh, shh, e on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional ____43____. Um, you know, I am, I’m fine with that, but...other people”.
Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these “hesitation forms”—the sounds of stammering (uh), stuttering (um, um), throat-clearing (ahem!), stalling (well, um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching words or ____44____ for the next thought. You know that “y’know” is among the most common of these ____45____ forms. Its meaning is not the imperious “you understand” or even the old interrogatory “do you get it ” It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase, ____46____ to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word.
These staples of modern filler communication—I mean, y’know, like—can also be used as “tee-up words”. In old times, pointer phrases or tee-up words were “get this, would you believe and are you ready ”. The ____47____ of these rib-nudging phrases was—are you ready—to make the point, to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow... If the ____48____ is to tee up a point, we should accept “y’ know” and its friends as a mildly ____49____ spoken punctuation, the articulated colon (冒号) that signals “focus on this”… If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at all What ____50____ the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all
Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker ____51____. Recent research at Columbia University suggests another reason. Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when ____52____ for the next word. To investigate this ____53____, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices ____54____ to the speaker. They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy, where the subject matter is less ____55____ and more open to word choices.
41.
A. undertaking B. discovering C. disliking D. unfolding
42.
A. depending on B. holding up C. taking over D. arranging for
43.
A. appliances B. substances C. disturbances D. finances
44.
A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account
45.
A. perseverance B. complexity C. hesitation D. obligation
46.
A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended
47.
A. interest B. experience C. advantage D. function
48.
A. architecture B. purpose C. completion D. random
49.
A. annoying B. striking C. entertaining D. embarrassing
50.
A. oppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. motivates
51.
A. danger B. anxiety C. figure D. sculpture
52.
A. bothering B. inspecting C. searching D. accomplishing
53.
A. idea B. chance C. basis D. feedback
54.
A. feasible B. credible C. considerable D. available
55.
A. well-matched B. well-defined C. well-bred D. well-perceived
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature. Some of the trips we do in our lives are purely for pleasure, some are meant to make us stronger, sometimes we travel to explore and learn, and in all of these undertakings we grow and become wiser.
There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing. This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual involves exactly this: a long spiritual hike across the native land. Although widely known as “Walkabout,” in later years the ritual has been referred to as “temporary mobility,” because the former is often used as an insulting term in Australian culture.
A young man on Walkabout
Historically speaking, the walkabout is a ceremony of passage in which young (adolescent) Aboriginal Australians undertake a journey that will help “transform” them into adults. The journey is usually made between the ages of 10 and 16. During this journey which can last for up to six months, the individual is required to live and survive all alone in the wilderness.
This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers. That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout. Only the elders of the group decide whether it is time or not for the child to do it. The children are not completely unprepared for the journey. During the years before the walkabout, the elders instruct them and give them advice about the ceremony and adult life in general; they have been passed the “secrets” of the tribe, the knowledge about their world.
Aboriginal woman
Those who are initiated in the walkabout are also decorated with body paint and ornaments. Sometimes they are marked with a permanent symbol on their bodies. In some cases, a tooth is removed from the mouth, or the nose or ears of the initiated are pierced. Traditional walk about clothes include only a simple loin cloth and nothing more.
During a walkabout, a young person can sometimes travel a distance of over a 1, 000miles. In order to survive this long hike, the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of obtaining food and water for themselves.
That means he needs to hunt, catch fish, and also recognize and use edible and healing plants. The initiated youngster must learn to identify plants such as bush tomatoes, Illawarra plums, quandongs, lilly-pillies, Muntari berries, wattle seeds, Kakadu plums, and bunya nuts.
56. What can be referred from the first two paragraphs of the passage
A. Australians like to engage in all kinds of travel. B. People can gain knowledge through travel.
C. Travel is usually purely for pleasure. D. Walkabout is a long spiritual journey.
57. What do we know about the young Aboriginal Australians
A. All young Australians are required to live alone in the wilderness.
B. The difficulties they experienced in hiking turned them into adults.
C. Walkabout should only be done if they are mentally and physically prepared.
D. Walkabout is an unprepared test for the young Aboriginal Australians.
58. According to the passage, what skill does a person need to acquire in the walkabout
A. Identifying directions. B. Preserving physical strength.
C. Planting plants. D. Hunting and fishing.
59. Which of the following options is true about walkabout
A. Only people who have experienced torture are qualified to the walkabout.
B. Women must decorate themselves with body paint and ornaments.
C. To survive, the participants need to acquire certain survival skills.
D. Native women are not required to participate in the walkabout.
(B)
Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.
The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.
There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury.
Here are several ways to avoid running injury.
● Prepare your body for running by walking.
● Understand your body type and be patient.
● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach.
● Wear the right shoes.
The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury.
60. Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture
A. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints
B. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis
C. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture
D ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture
61. According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance
A. Using some muscles more intensely than others.
B. Training weak muscles more often than strong ones.
C. Adapting your body to stresses slowly.
D. Giving your body little time to recover.
62. According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____.
A. turn to a coach for help B. consult a trained doctor
C. understand your body type first D. wear another pair of running shoes
(C)
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated era. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people reduce economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture (水产养殖), all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones-natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a warning: “We are not suggesting decoupling as the pattern to save the world, or that it solves all the problems.”
Cynics (悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities.
Wernick and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U. S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center, which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, iron ore, cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said.
Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov. 6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future involved greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”
63. What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the first paragraph
A. The difficult situation of economies growth.
B. The profitability of import and export trade.
C. The balance between human development and natural ecology.
D. The consumption of natural resources by industrial development.
64. Which of the following is true of the views of the new environmentalists
A. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth.
B. They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe.
C. They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation.
D. They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future.
65. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage
A Natural resources cannot support economic development.
B. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak.
C. More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time.
D. Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment.
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. Urbanization and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial development.
C. Commodity trading and raw material development.
D. Socioeconomic development and resource consumption.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. ____67____ Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
____68____ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. ____69____
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
____70____ The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games —was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening and summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
A. So why do these movies fail
B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.
C. Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.
D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.
E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.
F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ann Grand: a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures. like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from ideo-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time. and the image visualized are always specific. For example. if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures. like the one in her old house. and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations. This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.
Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
72. 他已经有几十年没见过如此壮丽的日出了。(since)(汉译英)
73. 小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。(sow)(汉译英)
74. 鉴于手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)(汉译英)
75. 正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)(汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions : Write an English composition in 120- -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 假使你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式里选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。必须包含:
(1)你的选择;
(2)你的理由
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海市行知中学2023-2024学年第一学期期中考试
高三年级 英语试卷
(满分140分，时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Fresh. B. Salty. C. Tender. D. Dry.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: The beef looks fresh.
W: But I would recommend the chicken which is tender. The beef is too salty and not juicy.
Question: What does the woman think of the chicken
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A luxurious tie. B. A set of classic works.
C. A red scarf. D. A wallet.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Jack contributed a lot of my survey on the evolution of fashion. I want to buy him a present like a scarf or a wallet.
M: I heard he likes reading. If I were you, I would buy him a set of classics.
Question: What does the man suggest the woman buy for Jack
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. In a barbershop. B. In the cinema. C. In the mall. D. In the library.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I’d like to have my hair colored. But you seem up to your neck.
M: Yes, we usually have a lot more customers on the weekend. Please take a seat. I’m afraid you have to be patient.
Question: Where does this conversation most probably take place
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The boy stayed up all night. B. The boy came home too early.
C. The boy is forgiven. D. The boy didn’t go home at night.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Sorry, mom, I should have come back home earlier. I’ll never do it again.
W: Let’s drop it this time.
Question: What can we learn from this conversation
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She will accompany the man who asks questions.
B. She also doesn’t know the meaning of the term.
C. She sympathized with the man very much.
D. She is well aware of the meaning of the newly coined term.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Alice. I have no idea what this newly coined term means.
W: Well, you are not alone.
Question: What does the woman mean
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She needs to hurry. B. The alarm clock didn’t ring.
C. She broke the alarm clock. D. She is late for school.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Dad, did the alarm clock go off
M: That was 30 minutes ago. You slept right through it. Get up or you’ll be late for school.
Question: What does the man mean
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $ 10,000. B. 11 ,000. C. 12 ,000. D. $11 ,000
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: May I take another look at the Chinese painting Is it still priced 10,000
W: Sorry, sir, its price has risen by 10%.
Question: How much does the Chinese painting cost now
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He couldn’t offer help because of his foot injury.
B. He can’t stand the noise of these boxes moving.
C. He can’t stand the woman carrying these boxes.
D. He doesn’t want to carry the box down from the fifth floor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Moving these boxes up to the 5th floor is really beyond me.
M: They look so big. If only I hadn’t had my ankle twisted yesterday.
Question: What does the man imply
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He is just an ordinary man, not a hero.
B. He wants the woman to publicize his deeds.
C. He has already finished financial aid for students.
D. He wants the woman to keep it a secret.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: What an unsung hero you are. You never told me that you have been financially assisting the students for years.
M: Let the matter rest. It’s just between you and me.
Question: What does the man mean
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The woman likes to take a shower before going to bed.
B. The man can’t have a shower before going to bed.
C. Hot water is supplied in the hotel until 10 p. m. in winter.
D. The hotel still supplies hot water after 10 p. m.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I hope there is hot water in the hotel after ten. I like to have a shower before bed, especially in winter.
W: But the front desk says hot water is available till 9: 00 pm.
Question: What can we learn from the conversation
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Have a professional energy checkup.
B. Update all the household appliances.
C. Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup.
D. Find the leaks on the outside of your home.
12.
A. Because it can help you save energy in a house.
B. Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first.
C. Because it can help you remember where you have inspected.
D. Because it can help you reduce the air leaks.
13.
A. How to choose a professional energy checkup.
B. How to conduct the home energy checkup.
C. How to make a list of obvious air leaks.
D. How to save energy in your home.
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. B
【解析】
【原文】A home energy checkup helps determine where your house is losing energy and money. When such problems are corrected your home will be more energy efficient. While a professional energy checkup provides a complete picture of your home’s energy use, a diligent self assessment can also help you find small problem areas. First, make a list of obvious air leaks. Check for indoor air leaks, such as gaps along the edge of the flooring and joints of the walls and ceiling. Also check the leaks on the outside of your home, especially in areas where two different building materials meet. Finally remember to check other places for leaks including windows, doors and switches. The potential energy savings from reducing leaks in our own may range from 10% to 20% per year. This do-it-yourself home energy checkup will not be as thorough as a professional home energy assessment, but it can help you highlight some of the easier areas to address. When walking through your home, keep a checklist of the areas you have inspected and the problems you have found. This list will help you decide which energy efficiency upgrade should be given priority to.
11. Which of the following is the most probable way to save energy in a house
12. Why does the speaker recommend you to keep a check list
13. What is the speaker mainly talking about
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. To make people remember him.
B. To show his excellent talent.
C. To remember the moments in university.
D. To recall his childhood.
15.
A. It used some advanced narrative skills.
B. It is easy to understand the deep meaning.
C. It has a kind of bell ringing quality.
D. It is suitable to recite aloud with expression.
16.
A. He likes to compose poems at quiet corners.
B. He graduated from Harvard University in 1995.
C. He wrote only two poems in his life.
D. He had a good time at Harvard.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. D
【解析】
【原文】Seamus Heaney was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1995 when he was teaching at Harvard University. On the day when Harvard celebrated its three hundred seventy-fifth anniversary before a large audience, he recited his poem composed in 1986 for the university three hundred and fiftieth anniversary. This 1986 poem relies on the power of repeating words and sounds. Heaney said in an interview, “There’s a kind of bell ringing quality to the poem, which makes it easy on the air.” He remembered writing just two poems during his early years at Harvard when he taught and read a lot. One poem is the anniversary poem. And the other is about learning the alphabets at a primary school. Heaney also recalled the physical Harvard where he had many happy moments. He said, “I still remember the excitement of driving around the campus and seeing the outlines of the houses. And I enjoyed a few quiet corners on campus where I would sit down and take a nap. The library at Adam’s house for one and the Woodbury poetry room for another. Then there was the yard. It was the inspiration for the anniversary poem and also a place that reminded me of my own boyhood in the countryside because it used to be a cow yard.”
Questions:
14. For what purpose did Seamus Heaney compose his 1986 poem
15. What is a feature of Seamus Heaney’s 1986 poem
16. What can be learned about Seamus Heaney
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. His office is richly decorated.
B. He has used this office for a week.
C. His office is very modem.
D. His office space is spacious enough.
18.
A. To record his trip next week.
B. To communicate with overseas scholars.
C. To collect cost-effective web cameras.
D. To record the contents of the report file.
19.
A. A chair that rises up and down and has arms.
B. A modem simple chair.
C. A folded chair without a handle.
D. A second-hand solid wood chair.
20.
A. How to choose a web camera.
B How to prepare for an online meeting report.
C. How to improve Professor White’s office.
D. How to decorate Professor White’s Office.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Professor White.
M: Hi Maggie.
W: It’s been a week since you arrived at the city. Do you like your office
M: Yeah, it’s great to have so much room and I love to see you.
W: I’m glad to hear that. Do you need any equipment or supplies
M: Actually, there are a few things I’ve been thinking about.
W: OK. What do you need
M: Well, I’ll give a presentation at an online conference next week. Is it possible to get a web camera for the computer
W: No problem. It is already at the top of our agenda. We want to encourage using technology to communicate with overseas scholars rather than expensive traveling.
M: Exactly. It’s so much easier and cheaper to do things that way.
W: The department chair likes to hear that kind of thinking. Anything else
M: Well, I hope I’m not asking too much, but can I get a new chair This one is really uncomfortable.
W: I think that’s an old chair. Sorry about that. Is there a specific kind you want, like a folding chair or a rocking one
M: I just like one that rises up and down and has arms.
W: Sure, I got it.
M: Thanks.
Questions:
17. What does the man say about his office
18. Why does the man need a web camera for his computer
19. What kind of chair does the man want
20. What are the speakers mainly talking about
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place, they may bring in bacteria that ____21____ (not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ____22____ these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. ____23____ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ____24____ happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ____25____ cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria ____26____ (grow). Then when the air-conditioner ____27____ (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by ____28____ time 221 people had become seriously ill.
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste ____29____ (dump) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, ____30____ (provide) a perfect environment for cholera, a fatal disease.
【答案】21. were not
22. against
23. Because##Since##As
24. what 25. it##that
26. to grow
27. is turned
28. which 29. dumped
30. providing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是疾病的几种传播途径。
【21题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当人们到达一个新的地方时，他们可能会带来过去不存在的细菌。由in the past可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，that指代的先行词bacteria是复数，因此空格处是were not。故填were not。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：那里的人对这些新细菌没有天然的抵抗力，所以他们更容易感染这种疾病。protection against意为“防御”，因此空格处是介词against。故填against。
【23题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于不熟悉，卫生工作者可能无法识别或阻止其传播。根据语境可知，句子表示“由于不熟悉，卫生工作者可能无法识别或阻止其传播”，空格处意为“因为，由于”，用because/since/as，引导原因状语从句，故填Because/Since/As。
【24题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：例如，当士兵们在第一次世界大战结束后回家时，就会发生这种情况。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“这是所发生的情况”，因此空格处用what引导表语从句，故填what。
【25题详解】
考查代词。句意：这些士兵带来了西班牙流感，夺去了数百万人的生命。空格处用it/that指代前面的Spanish flu，故填it/that。
【26题详解】
考查不定式。句意：它们倾向于收集灰尘和水，这使得细菌很容易生长。make it easy for sb. to do意为“让某人做某事变得容易”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，故填to grow。
【27题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：然后，当空调打开时，细菌就会被吹进家里或办公室，使人生病。when引导的时间状语从句中遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句是一般将来时，因此when引导的从句中用一般现在时，空调是被打开，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语air-conditioner是单数，因此空格处是is turned。故填is turned。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在1976年7月首次发现了这个问题，当时已经有221人患了重病。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词July 1976是时间，因此空格处用which，故填which。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：污染可能是由流入河流然后流入海洋的肥料造成的，或者是由未经处理直接倒入海洋的人类排泄物造成的。句中谓语是may be caused，空格处用非谓语动词，waste和dump之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填dumped。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们可以在水中形成厚厚的一团，为致命疾病霍乱提供了完美的环境。句中谓语是can form，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词表自然而然的结果，故填providing。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits. They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their ____31____, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The ____32____ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should ____33____ the market within a few years.
Frederic Zenhausern, director of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of “biometric bodysuits” that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such “smart” clothing could ____34____ future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said. “The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and fluidics (流体学) can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of ____35____ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic.” he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different ____36____. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health. It is made of clear vinyl (乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fluidic devices. In the future, such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or ____37____ as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors and patterns, Zenhausern said. And it could all be made to look stylish by the ____38____ of electronics and high-fashion designs, he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ____39____ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy, a Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, sees possibilities to ____40____ the technology in building design. As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
【答案】31. K 32. H
33. G 34. E
35. B 36. A
37. D 38. F
39. I 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了未来新型衣服——生物识别紧身衣。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你的体温升得太高，它们可以侦测到化学攻击，给佩戴者送药物，甚至可以闻到香水的味道。由上文“They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their”可知，此处表示给佩戴者送药物，应用名词wearer，作宾语，表示“佩戴者”，由their可知，应用复数形式，故选K。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：军用版本的“气味变色龙紧身衣”采用了燃料电池，为士兵的装备提供了一种轻量级的动力源。由下文“provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment”可知，此处表示“军用的”，为形容词米咯他人有作定语，修饰名词version，故选H。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：这两个版本都会在几年内上市。由下文“the market within a few years.”可知，此处表示上市，应用动词hit，表示“面市并产生影响”，由should可知，应用动词原形，故选G。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：曾豪森说，这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期预警，或者自动向糖尿病患者提供胰岛素。由下文“future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks”可知，发出早期语境，应用动词issue，表示“发出”，由could可知，应用动词原形，故选E。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“生物识别紧身衣展示了如何将电子学和流体学结合到服装中，以执行从高度功能性到美观性等各种各样的任务。”他说。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词tasks，表示“各种各样的”应用形容词diverse，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：平民变色龙衣服会有一些不同的特征。由下文“Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health.(它的生物识别装备展示了如何将微型电子产品嵌入服装以促进健康。)”可知，此处表示“特征”，为名词characteristic，作宾语，由different可知，应用复数，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：在未来，这种装备可以诊断疾病，为穿戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或起到可穿戴的作用。由下文“as a wearable computer.”可知，此处表示“起作用”，为动词短语function as，由could可知，应用动词原形，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说，电子产品和高级时装设计的结合可以使这些产品看起来更时尚。由下文“of electronics and high-fashion designs”可知，此处表示“电子产品和高级时装设计的结合”，应用名词integration作宾语，the integration of意为“……的结合”，故选F。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意： 事实上，在面料中嵌入微电子学的概念有着远远超出服装的潜力。由上文“the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has”可知，此处表示“潜力”，为名词potential作宾语，不可数，故选I。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：波士顿建筑师、哈佛大学设计研究生院客座教授希拉·肯尼迪(Sheila Kennedy)看到了将该技术应用于建筑设计的可能性。由下文“ the technology in building design”可知，此处表示“应用”，为动词employ，由不定式to可知，应用动词原形，故选C。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical (词汇的) content,” notes linguist Barbara A. Fox, “they can play a strategic syntactic (句法的) role in a(n) ____41____ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase (整句字) ____42____ the context. “Hey, hey, shh, shh, e on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional ____43____. Um, you know, I am, I’m fine with that, but...other people”.
Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these “hesitation forms”—the sounds of stammering (uh), stuttering (um, um), throat-clearing (ahem!), stalling (well, um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching words or ____44____ for the next thought. You know that “y’know” is among the most common of these ____45____ forms. Its meaning is not the imperious “you understand” or even the old interrogatory “do you get it ” It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase, ____46____ to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word.
These staples of modern filler communication—I mean, y’know, like—can also be used as “tee-up words”. In old times, pointer phrases or tee-up words were “get this, would you believe and are you ready ”. The ____47____ of these rib-nudging phrases was—are you ready—to make the point, to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow... If the ____48____ is to tee up a point, we should accept “y’ know” and its friends as a mildly ____49____ spoken punctuation, the articulated colon (冒号) that signals “focus on this”… If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at all What ____50____ the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all
Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds For some it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker ____51____. Recent research at Columbia University suggests another reason. Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when ____52____ for the next word. To investigate this ____53____, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices ____54____ to the speaker. They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy, where the subject matter is less ____55____ and more open to word choices.
41.
A. undertaking B. discovering C. disliking D. unfolding
42.
A. depending on B. holding up C. taking over D. arranging for
43.
A. appliances B. substances C. disturbances D. finances
44.
A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account
45.
A. perseverance B. complexity C. hesitation D. obligation
46.
A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended
47.
A. interest B. experience C. advantage D. function
48.
A. architecture B. purpose C. completion D. random
49.
A. annoying B. striking C. entertaining D. embarrassing
50.
A. oppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. motivates
51.
A. danger B. anxiety C. figure D. sculpture
52.
A. bothering B. inspecting C. searching D. accomplishing
53.
A. idea B. chance C. basis D. feedback
54.
A. feasible B. credible C. considerable D. available
55.
A. well-matched B. well-defined C. well-bred D. well-perceived
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了填充词的定义、使用情况以及使用填充词的原因。
41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言学家芭芭拉·福克斯指出，虽然填充词“可能只有很少的词汇内容，但它们可以在展开式对话中发挥战略性的句法作用”。A. undertaking从事；B. discovering发现；C. disliking不喜欢；D. unfolding展开，打开。根据上文“A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know.(填充词是一个明显没有意义的单词、短语或声音，标志着讲话中的停顿或犹豫。也被称为停顿填充或犹豫形式。英语中常见的填充词有um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know)”可知，填充词常用于口语中，只有很少的内容，但可以在展开式对话中发挥战略性的句法作用。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：看起来像是填充词的词也可能是一个单词句，这取决于上下文。A. depending on依靠，取决于；B. holding up举起；C. taking over接管；D. arranging for安排。根据后文“the context”填充词的含义取决于上下文。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对别人不愿意谈论情绪困扰的事实要敏感。A. appliances电器；B. substances物质；C. disturbances干扰；D. finances资产；财源。根据上文“Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional”可知，对别人不愿意谈论情绪困扰的事实要敏感。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：以伦纳德·布卢姆菲尔德为首的现代语言学家在1933年将这些声音称为“犹豫形式”——当说话者正在寻找单词或对下一个想法不知所措时，会发出口吃（呃）、结巴（嗯，嗯）、清嗓子（嗯，嗯）、拖延（嗯，嗯，就是这样）的声音。A. on the contrary相反；B. at a loss困惑；C. at dawn在黎明时刻；D. on no account绝不。根据后文“when the speaker is searching words or”可知，当说话者正在寻找单词或对下一个想法不知所措时，就会说一些填充词。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道“y’ know”是最常见的犹豫形式之一。A. perseverance毅力；B. complexity复杂性；C. hesitation犹豫；D. obligation义务。根据上文“when the speaker is searching words”可知，说话者不知道说什么的时候，“y’ know”是最常见的犹豫形式之一。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被认为是，也被理解为，仅仅是一个填充短语，用来填补声音流中的节拍，就像它的新意义上的like一样，是一个填充词。A. intended打算；B. attended参加；C. pretended假装；D. extended扩大。根据后文“to fill a beat in the flow of sound”指这个词的目的是用来填补声音流中的节拍，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些挑逗性的短语的作用是——你准备好了吗？——阐明观点，把听者的注意力集中在接下来的内容上…… A. interest兴趣；B. experience经历；C. advantage优势；D. function功能，作用。根据后文“to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow...”可知，are you ready的作用是把听者的注意力集中在接下来的内容上。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果目的是为了证明一个观点，我们应该接受“y’ know”和它的朋友作为一个稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，发音清晰的冒号表示“关注这个”…… A. architecture建筑；B. purpose目的；C. completion完成；D. random随机。根据后文“If the purpose”此处指这个词的目的是为了证明一个观点。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果目的是为了证明一个观点，我们应该接受“y’ know”和它的朋友作为一个稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，发音清晰的冒号表示“关注这个”…… A. annoying令人生气的；B. striking惊人的；C. entertaining使人愉快的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据后文“spoken punctuation, the articulated colon that signals “focus on this””指这个词和其他填充词被当作一个稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，发音清晰的冒号表示“关注这个”。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使演讲者用声音来填补沉默的时刻？A. oppresses压迫；B. recycles回收利用；C. highlights强调；D. motivates刺激。根据后文“the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all”指反问是什么促使演讲者用声音来填补沉默的时刻。短语motivate sb. to do sth.表示“促使某人做某事”。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，这是一种紧张的迹象；他们害怕沉默，经历说话的焦虑。A. danger危险；B. anxiety焦虑；C. figure人物；D. sculpture雕像。根据上文“they fear silence and experience speaker”可知，使用填充词是因为说话者害怕和焦虑。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哥伦比亚大学的心理学家猜测，说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿。A. bothering麻烦；B. inspecting检查；C. searching搜索；D. accomplishing完成。呼应上文“when the speaker is searching words”指说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了研究这个想法，他们统计了生物、化学和数学讲师使用填充词的情况，这些学科使用科学的定义，限制了演讲者选择的词汇种类。A. idea想法；B. chance机会；C. basis基础；D. feedback反馈。此处指研究上文提到的“哥伦比亚大学的心理学家猜测，说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿”这个想法。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了研究这个想法，他们统计了生物、化学和数学讲师使用填充词的情况，这些学科使用科学的定义，限制了演讲者选择的词汇种类。A. feasible可行的；B. credible可信的；C. considerable相当大的；D. available可用的。根据上文“they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices”可知，生物、化学和数学讲师可使用的填充词因为使用科学的定义，所以有限。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们比较了英语、艺术史和哲学老师使用填充词的数量，这些科目的定义不那么明确，词汇选择更开放。A. well-matched配合得很好的；B. well-defined界限清楚的；C. well-bred有教养的；D. well-perceived感知到的。根据后文“more open to word choices”可知，词汇选择更开放是因为这些科目的定义不那么明确，故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Among all the different types of journey that people undertake there are also those of a spiritual nature. Some of the trips we do in our lives are purely for pleasure, some are meant to make us stronger, sometimes we travel to explore and learn, and in all of these undertakings we grow and become wiser.
There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing. This ancient aboriginal initiation ritual involves exactly this: a long spiritual hike across the native land. Although widely known as “Walkabout,” in later years the ritual has been referred to as “temporary mobility,” because the former is often used as an insulting term in Australian culture.
A young man on Walkabout
Historically speaking, the walkabout is a ceremony of passage in which young (adolescent) Aboriginal Australians undertake a journey that will help “transform” them into adults. The journey is usually made between the ages of 10 and 16. During this journey which can last for up to six months, the individual is required to live and survive all alone in the wilderness.
This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers. That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout. Only the elders of the group decide whether it is time or not for the child to do it. The children are not completely unprepared for the journey. During the years before the walkabout, the elders instruct them and give them advice about the ceremony and adult life in general; they have been passed the “secrets” of the tribe, the knowledge about their world.
Aboriginal woman
Those who are initiated in the walkabout are also decorated with body paint and ornaments. Sometimes they are marked with a permanent symbol on their bodies. In some cases, a tooth is removed from the mouth, or the nose or ears of the initiated are pierced. Traditional walk about clothes include only a simple loin cloth and nothing more.
During a walkabout, a young person can sometimes travel a distance of over a 1, 000miles. In order to survive this long hike, the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of obtaining food and water for themselves.
That means he needs to hunt, catch fish, and also recognize and use edible and healing plants. The initiated youngster must learn to identify plants such as bush tomatoes, Illawarra plums, quandongs, lilly-pillies, Muntari berries, wattle seeds, Kakadu plums, and bunya nuts.
56. What can be referred from the first two paragraphs of the passage
A. Australians like to engage in all kinds of travel. B. People can gain knowledge through travel.
C. Travel is usually purely for pleasure. D. Walkabout is a long spiritual journey.
57. What do we know about the young Aboriginal Australians
A. All young Australians are required to live alone in the wilderness.
B. The difficulties they experienced in hiking turned them into adults.
C. Walkabout should only be done if they are mentally and physically prepared.
D. Walkabout is an unprepared test for the young Aboriginal Australians.
58. According to the passage, what skill does a person need to acquire in the walkabout
A. Identifying directions. B. Preserving physical strength.
C. Planting plants. D. Hunting and fishing.
59. Which of the following options is true about walkabout
A. Only people who have experienced torture are qualified to the walkabout.
B. Women must decorate themselves with body paint and ornaments.
C. To survive, the participants need to acquire certain survival skills.
D. Native women are not required to participate in the walkabout.
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在人们所从事的各种不同类型的旅行中，也有一些是精神性质的旅行。文章说明了人们可以通过旅行获得知识，以及旅行途中可以学到的技能。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“There is a lot we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing.(我们可以从周围的土地中学到很多东西，而获得这些知识的最好方式就是旅行和体验)”可推知，人们可以通过旅行获得知识。故选B。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“This is not an easy thing to do, especially not for teenagers. That is why only those who have proven themselves mentally and physically ready are allowed to proceed with the walkabout.(这不是一件容易的事，尤其是对青少年来说。这就是为什么只有那些已经证明自己在精神上和身体上准备好了的人才被允许进行徒步旅行的原因)”可知，只有在精神上和身体上都有准备的情况下，年轻的澳大利亚土著才应该进行徒步旅行。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“That means he needs to hunt, catch fish, and also recognize and use edible and healing plants.(这意味着他需要打猎、捕鱼，还需要识别和使用可食用和治疗的植物)”可知，一个人在徒步旅行中需要获得狩猎和钓鱼技能。故选D。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In order to survive this long hike, the participant in the walkabout must be able to make their own shelter and must be capable of obtaining food and water for themselves.(为了在这次长途徒步旅行中幸存下来，徒步旅行的参与者必须能够自己建造住所，必须能够为自己获得食物和水)”可知，C选项“为了生存，参与者需要掌握一定的生存技能”正确。故选C。
(B)
Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.
The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.
There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury.
Here are several ways to avoid running injury.
● Prepare your body for running by walking.
● Understand your body type and be patient.
● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach.
● Wear the right shoes.
The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury.
60. Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture
A. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints
B. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis
C. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture
D. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture
61. According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance
A. Using some muscles more intensely than others.
B. Training weak muscles more often than strong ones.
C. Adapting your body to stresses slowly.
D. Giving your body little time to recover.
62. According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____.
A. turn to a coach for help B. consult a trained doctor
C. understand your body type first D. wear another pair of running shoes
【答案】60. D 61. A 62. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式。然而，在某些条件下跑步会导致各种各样的伤害，文章介绍了几种避免跑步受伤的方法。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.”（根据调查结果，报告病例最多的是膝关节损伤和肌肉拉伤，前者发生的频率稍低。大约四分之一的受访者说他们患有足底筋膜炎。患有跟腱炎或胫骨夹板的受访者几乎是患有应力性骨折的受访者的两倍，这也是受访者中最少的。）可知，在跑步常见损伤中，最多的是肌肉拉伤，最少的是应力性骨折，所以结合选项和图片中的占比数，可知D项符合该项统计调查结果。故选D项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help.”（当某个肌肉群很弱，需要其他肌肉群帮助时，就会出现结构失衡。）可知，使用一些肌肉比其他肌肉更强烈导致了结构不平衡。故选A项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor.”（找到并治疗跑步受伤的原因是训练有素的医生的工作。）可知，根据这篇文章，如果你想知道为什么跑步后你的背部和膝盖会疼，你最好找个训练有素的医生咨询下。故选B项。
(C)
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated era. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people reduce economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture (水产养殖), all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones-natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a warning: “We are not suggesting decoupling as the pattern to save the world, or that it solves all the problems.”
Cynics (悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities.
Wernick and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U. S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center, which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, iron ore, cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said.
Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov. 6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future involved greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”
63. What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the first paragraph
A. The difficult situation of economies growth.
B. The profitability of import and export trade.
C. The balance between human development and natural ecology.
D. The consumption of natural resources by industrial development.
64. Which of the following is true of the views of the new environmentalists
A. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth.
B. They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe.
C. They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation.
D. They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future.
65. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage
A. Natural resources cannot support economic development.
B. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak.
C. More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time.
D. Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment.
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. Urbanization and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial development.
C. Commodity trading and raw material development.
D. Socioeconomic development and resource consumption.
【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新保护主义者的“重野化”概念。
【63题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. (自然资源保护主义者就人类是否是自然价值的衡量标准展开了战争)”可知，自然资源保护主义者倡导权衡人类与自然关系，结合后文“And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people reduce economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. (他们还支持“再野生化”，这一概念最初是由索勒提出的，即人们减少经济增长，退出自然景观，然后回归自然)”可知，他们提倡人们减少经济增长，退出自然景观，然后回归自然。由此推知，他们认为这种人与自然的平衡是必要的，trade-offs指的是人类发展与自然生态的平衡。故选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth. (新环保主义者认为，退出可以与经济增长一起发生。总部位于加州的突破研究所相信，未来大多数人将生活在城市，经济增长对自然资源的依赖将减少)”可推知，新环保主义者认为人类应该限制经济增长。故选A。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future involved greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.” (奥苏贝尔说：“这似乎就像我们20世纪的预期，我们总是假设未来会消耗更多的资源。”“但我们在发达国家看到的，当然是峰值。”)”可断，现在的资源消耗是峰值，由此推知，在一段时间内不会出现更多的资源消耗。故选C。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是前两段的内容可知，这篇短文主要讨论了新保护主义者的观点，他们认为人类是衡量自然价值的标准，提倡“重野化”概念，即人们应限制经济增长，减少对自然资源的依赖，提高生产效率，并从自然景观中退出，让自然回归。因此，文章主要和社会经济发展、资源消耗有关。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. ____67____ Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
____68____ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. ____69____
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
____70____ The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games —was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening and summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
A. So why do these movies fail
B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.
C. Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.
D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.
E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.
F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.
【答案】67. E 68. A 69. F 70. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章对失败的电子游戏改编电影进行了批评。
【67题详解】
根据下文“Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.(然而，尽管有巨大的预算和高质量的人才，但大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的。)”中副词“Yet”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说“大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的”，与E项中“The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.(吸引忠实粉丝群的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。)”中描述的“诱人的前景”构成转折关系。同时，E项中“these movies”与上文“These movies”相照应。故选E项。
【68题详解】
下文“The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. (答案可以归结为受众需求和商业现实之间相互矛盾的复杂组合。)”是一个答案，分析了电子游戏电影失败的原因，针对A项“So why do these movies fail (那么，这些电影为什么会失败呢 )”提出的问题给出答案。故选A项。
【69题详解】
上文“But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. (但游戏会在数十小时的游戏过程中逐步展现传奇，而电影只会占用一小部分时间。这种紧张感可能会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节。)”分析了游戏和电子游戏电影的不同，说明电影会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节，然后下文“For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，这是游戏世界的核心冲突。)”用《魔兽争霸》电影为例进行举例说明，F项“However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.(然而，一个普遍的批评是，它充满了无聊的叙述和大多数无趣的角色。)”承接上一句，说明《魔兽争霸》电影中的详细描述导致了无聊和无趣，照应了上文“creating boring exposition and complex story lines”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【70题详解】
下文“The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”.(电影情节保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”。)”说明了游戏改编电影的问题，是对B项“The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.(相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。)”的解释，说明了电影没能吸引观众的原因。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ann Grand: a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures. like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from ideo-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time. and the image visualized are always specific. For example. if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures. like the one in her old house. and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations. This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.
Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Ann Grand is a visual thinker，whose mind works like the Internet search engine. Therefore she can build entire systems in her imagination through producing three-dimensional design simulations. Grand's mind is so sensitive to details that she could notice many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. This led her to create kinds of designs.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。安·格兰德是一位视觉思考者。格兰德的大脑就像互联网搜索引擎一样，可以生成用户正在搜索的对象的几十幅图像。格兰德的头脑对细节也很敏感，这在她与牛的工作中很重要，并因此创造了许多设计。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Ann Grand is a visual thinker. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.
②Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations.
③Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. This led her to create kinds of designs.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3段要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Ann Grand is a visual thinker，whose mind works like the Internet search engine. Therefore she can build entire systems in her imagination through producing three-dimensional design simulations.
Grand's mind is so sensitive to details that she could notice many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Ann Grand is a visual thinker，whose mind works like the Internet search engine.（运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]：Grand's mind is so sensitive to details that she could notice many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle.（运用了so…that 引导的结果状语从句，以及that引导的限制性定语从句）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
72. 他已经有几十年没见过如此壮丽的日出了。(since)(汉译英)
【答案】It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、形容词和状语从句。主句是“有好几年”，从句是since引导的状语从句，从句动词用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，所以主句翻译为It has been decades，从句中主语是he，谓语是看见用saw，“如此壮丽的日出”用such+冠词+形容词+名词表示，翻译为such a magnificent sunrise，形容词作定语，故翻译为It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise.
73. 小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。(sow)(汉译英)
【答案】Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。根据时间状语“昨天”可知，该句应使用一般过去时态，“小张昨天在田里播下种子”应译为Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday；表示“期待来年的丰收”译为expect a good harvest next year；分析句子结构可知，后半句话应该是非谓语动词作状语，expect与其逻辑主语Zhang之间为主动关系，且与谓语动词sowed同时进行，所以使用现在分词短语作状语。故翻译为Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.。
74. 鉴于手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)(汉译英)
【答案】Since there are more than a few elderly people who are not skilled in using ride-hailing services/ requesting a taxi/ride on mobile phones, the company offers a range of services to meet their needs.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。Since引导原因状语从句；表示“手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数”翻译为there are more than a few elderly people who are not skilled in using ride-hailing services/ requesting a taxi/ride on mobile phones，who引导定语从句修饰先行词a few elderly people；主句主语为the company；表示“提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求”翻译为offers a range of services to meet their needs，为一般现在时。故翻译为Since there are more than a few elderly people who are not skilled in using ride-hailing services/ requesting a taxi/ride on mobile phones, the company offers a range of services to meet their needs.
75. 正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It is because of the implementation of the “customer first” concept that the long-deserted community shopping mall could return to the public eye.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。because of (因为)，implementation (贯彻)，concept (理念)，可用“It is +被强调部分+ that/who +其它”强调句型结构表达，此处被强调部分是原因状语because of the implementation of the “customer first” concept，用that；主句部分谓语用“情态动词could+动词原形”，long-deserted (落寞已久的)，shopping mall (商场)，故翻译为：It is because of the implementation of the “customer first” concept that the long-deserted community shopping mall could return to the public eye.
VI. Guided Writing
Directions : Write an English composition in 120- -150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 假使你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式里选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。必须包含:
(1)你的选择;
(2)你的理由
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】To whom it may concern,
I’m glad to hear that our school will hold an activity of “entering history”, because learning about history is a must for every young person in life. I prefer the activity method of making short videos. The reasons are as follows.
First, the short video is of great convenience that the other two methods do not have. It can be done with just a few electronic devices at your fingertips. The story on the short videos are vivid and tempt the youngsters to enjoy the background of the story. Second, making short videos is more efficient. Every student can participate and tell about the heroes he/ she admires. Students can watch a short video in a short break. Third, short videos are more widely distributed. In the Internet age, everyone likes to scroll short videos in their spare time. We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, such as Tiktok and Wechat, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people.
As the new youth of the times, only by learning rich experience from history can we better face the future. What matters most is that it is essential to keep history in mind as the times develop. I hope this activity can stimulate more people’s interest in learning history,
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生在走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频中作出选择，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
诱惑：tempt→lure
肯定：surely→certainly
重要：matter→count
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：What matters most is that it is essential to keep history in mind as the times develop.
拓展句：What matters most is that it is essential that we keep history in mind as the times develop.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, such as Tiktok and Wechat, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] What matters most is that it is essential to keep history in mind as the times develop. (运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)

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