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新教材译林版 英语选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3
UNIT 3高频词汇 知识点清单
Unit 3 Back to the past
高频词汇精讲
1. convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
“It is clear,” he said, “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.”
他说:“很明显只有一个办法能使你们信服。我们必须做个实验。”(教材P29)
情景导学
You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to do the work well.
你需要让你的面试官相信你有能力做好这份工作。
He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
他说服警察局允许他在他们当地的两个公园里设置几条“聊天长椅”。 (2020天津)
He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
他说让人们相信海狸鼠的毛皮是环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。 (2020全国Ⅱ)
用法归纳
①convince sb. that...使某人相信……
②convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
③convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
词汇拓展
①convinced adj.确信的
be convinced of...确信……
be convinced that...确信……
Yuan Longping was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的创造中找到。
②convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
The ending of the novel is a little too hasty to be convincing.
这本小说的结尾有点过于仓促,不能令人信服。
③convincingly adv.令人信服地;有说服力地
④与convince sb. of sth.类似的结构还有:
accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事
inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
cure sb. of sth.治愈某人某种疾病
2. load vt.& vi.装上,装入 n.负载;承载量;大量
His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers...他的船装有瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他珍宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品…… (教材P30)
情景导学
She loaded some boxes into the truck.她把一些箱子装进卡车。
Before setting off for the forest, he loaded the camera with film carefully.
出发去森林前,他小心地给相机装上胶卷。
It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
把孩子托付给你我就放心了。
Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.
制作衣服会消耗大量的自然资源,买大量的新衣服(或扔掉旧衣服)对环境有害。
(2021全国甲)
用法归纳
①load... with ...往……里装……
②load...　into /onto...把……装到……里/上
③loads of...=a load of...大量/许多……
④take a load 　off one’s mind打消某人的顾虑;使某人如释重负
词汇拓展
常见的以-load结尾的词:
upload vt.上传;download vt.下载;overload vt.使超载;workload n.工作量
易混辨析
burden 指沉重、令人不快的负担;指精神负担时常有不堪忍受的意味
load 普通用词,含义广泛,指人、畜、车、船等负载的东西;指精神负担时,可与 burden换用,但无感彩
情景助记
3. strengthen vt.& vi.加强,增强,巩固
Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions...
郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区之间的和谐关系…… (教材P30)
情景导学
Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
考虑到世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强它们之间的相互合作,敦煌是理想的地点。 (外研选择性必修四)
Last but not least, through my efforts, I believe, I can strengthen the friendship between the Chinese and the British.
最后但同样重要的是,我相信,通过我的努力,我可以增进中英人民之间的友谊。
(写作—申请做志愿者)
用法归纳
strengthen (the) friendship/cooperation增进友谊/　加强合作
词汇拓展
①strength n.力量,力气;[C]优势,长处
build up one’s strength增强体力
with all one’s strength用全力
strengths and weaknesses(=advantages and disadvantages)优势和劣势/长处和短处
We all know the fact that taking part in physical exercise helps build up our strength.我们都知道参加体育锻炼有助于增强体力这一事实。 (写作—体育锻炼)
②strong adj.强大的;强壮的;强烈的;坚定的;健康的,身体好的
③strongly adv.强烈地;坚决地
I just feel strongly that I must help animals.
我只是强烈地感觉到我必须帮助动物。
④常见的其他加后缀-en变动词的还有:
wide adj.宽的→widen v.(使)变宽
deep adj.深的→deepen v.(使)加深
short adj.短的→shorten v.(使)变短
length n.长度→lengthen v.(使)变长
fright n.惊吓→frighten v.使惊吓;受惊吓
sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen v.(使)变锋利
loose adj.松的→loosen v.(使)放松,变松
weak adj.虚弱的;弱的→weaken v.(使)虚弱,衰弱;削弱,减弱
4. dismiss vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散
For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.
多年来,一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。(教材P30)
情景导学
She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post
.她声称她被不公正地解雇了。
It would be easy to dismiss him as no brain.
很容易认为他头脑简单而不予考虑。
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships
wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.
认为闲聊不重要很容易,但我们不能忘记,如果没有随意的交谈,深厚的关系甚至不会存在。
用法归纳
①dismiss sb. from ...免去某人的……职务;摒除某人的……情感
②dismiss sb./sth. as ...把某人/某物当成……而不予考虑;认为某人/某物……而不予考虑
词汇拓展
dismissal n.解雇,免职;不予考虑
He looked at me in blank amazement when he was informed of his dismissal.
接到他被解雇的通知时,他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。 (读后续写—神态描写)
5. acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在被广泛认可,他作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被(世人)铭记。
(教材P30)
情景导学
With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen the lady’s purse.
由于没有确凿的证据,他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。
The film festival is acknowledged as/to be an event of international importance.
这个电影节被认为是国际盛事。
It’s universally acknowledged that developing a good study habit is essential for our future life.
普遍认为养成良好的学习习惯对我们未来的生活至关重要。(写作—学习习惯)
While more Chinese companies have survived the first stage of development in Japan, they also acknowledge the challenges ahead, such as fierce competition with local peers.虽然更多的中国企业挺过了在日本发展的第一阶段,但它们也承认将来面临的挑战,比如与当地同行之间的激烈竞争。 (China Daily)
用法归纳
①It is universally/generally acknowledged that...　普遍认为……
②acknowledge sb./sth. 　as /to be...承认某人/某物是……
③acknowledge ( doing /having done) sth.承认(做了)某事
词汇拓展
①acknowledged adj.公认的
②acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
in acknowledgement of...对……表示感谢
I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
我收到一本赠刊,表示对我投稿的谢意。
6. insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋寻找通往东印度群岛的直接航线。 (教材P31)
情景导学
They simply insist on mutual recognition and regard.
他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。 (2022全国乙)
Some countries insist on using political and so-called “ideological” lines to deal with economic and trade issues for their own strategic purposes.
一些国家出于自身战略目的,坚持用政治路线和所谓的“意识形态”路线处理经贸问题。
The two companies insist that they will preserve smartphone users’ privacy.
这两家公司坚称,它们会保护智能手机用户的隐私。
I insist that you (should) take immediate action to deal with this thing.
我坚决要求你立刻采取行动处理这件事情。
用法归纳
①insist on /upon (doing) sth.坚决要求(做)某事;坚持(做)某事
②insist on doing sth.执意继续做某事(尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事)
③insist that...意为“　坚持说 ……”时,从句用陈述语气。
④insist that...意为“　坚决要求 ……”时,从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词
原形”的形式,should可以省略。
词汇拓展
①insistence n.坚持;坚决要求
②insistent adj.坚持的;坚决要求的
be insistent on (doing)...坚持(做)……
They were insistent on having a contract for the purchase.
他们坚持要就这项采购立一份合同。
7. panic n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
The men on board were in panic.
船上的人陷入恐慌。 (教材P31)
情景导学
On hearing the soft footsteps outside her room, she was in (a) panic.
一听到她的房间外有轻轻的脚步声,她就惊慌失措。 (读后续写—心理描写)
I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table.
我紧紧地靠在桌子上,陷入了恐慌。(2021浙江1月)
Rumours panicked many citizens into flooding into supermarkets to buy salt.
谣言令许多市民仓皇地涌入超市买盐。
用法归纳
①in (a) panic惊慌失措(地)
②get 　into a panic陷入惊慌状态
③panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓皇地做某事;使某人仓促地做某事
词汇拓展
panicky adj.焦虑不安的;惊慌的
8. astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊
The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.
记录表明,来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到惊讶。(教材P33)
情景导学
He astonished me with/by the terrible scratch on his face. I was worried about him.
他脸上可怕的划痕使我惊讶。我很担心他。 (读后续写—心理描写)
It astonished her that we still remembered her name.
令她惊讶的是,我们仍然记得她的名字。
用法归纳
①astonish sb. 　with/by sth.用/通过某事物使某人惊讶
It astonishes/astonished sb. that...令某人惊讶的是……
词汇拓展
①astonished adj.感到惊讶的
be astonished at/by sth.对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth.因做某事而感到惊讶
They were quite astonished to hear that two people died from this accident.
=They were quite astonished at/by the news that two people died from this accident.
他们听到两个人死于这场意外的消息,感到十分惊讶。
②astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的;难以置信的
③astonishingly adv.令人惊讶地
④astonishment n.惊讶
in astonishment惊讶地
to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是
To his astonishment, she came back earlier than expected.
使他惊讶的是,她回来得比预期的要早。
9. available adj.可获得的,可找到的;有空的
However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.
然而,他的工作其实很艰难,因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。(教材P34)
情景导学
Campus Security is available to assist 24 hours, 7 days a week.
校园保安每周7天,每天24小时提供协助。 (2019天津3月)
Twelve science laboratories are available for different science experiments.
十二个科学实验室可用来做不同的科学实验。
It can take up to two years from testing a new frozen dessert product to it being available to consumers.
一种新的冷冻甜点产品从测试到可供消费者获取可能需要长达两年的时间。(BBC)
用法归纳
①be available 　to sb.某人可利用/可获得(某物)
②be available 　for/to do sth.(某物)可用于某事/做某事
词汇拓展
availability n.可用性;有效性
The availability of material evidence was not to be discussed.
重要证据的有效性将不予以讨论。
10. adopt vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养;选举 vi.领养,收养
The authors adopt a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader.
作者们采用一种自然的、闲聊式的写作风格,使主题向普通读者开放。(教材P37)
情景导学
She was adopted as presidential candidate.她被推举为总统候选人。
There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
在那里,他被一个澳大利亚家庭收养,然后飞往塔斯马尼亚。 (2021浙江1月)
用法归纳
①be adopted 　by ...被……收养
②adopt sb. 　as ...选举某人为……
词汇拓展
①adoption n.收养;采用;推选
The group is working to promote the adoption of broadband connections over long distances.该集团正在努力推广远距离宽带连接的采用。
②adopted adj.收养的;领养的
an adopted son养子
③adoptive adj.有收养关系的
adoptive parents养父母
特别提醒
adapt与adopt仅有一个字母之差,但adapt意为“适应;改编”,常与介词to或for搭配。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.这个世界将会不同,我们必须准备好适应变化。
11. comparison n.对比,相比;比较
Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly...
此外,他们经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件…… (教材P37)
情景导学
The writer draws comparisons between Qi Baishi and Zhang Dagian’s techniques of painting.
这位作家将齐白石和张大千的画法进行比较。
By comparison with the Japanese, the British eat far less fish.
与日本人相比,英国人吃鱼要少得多。
Comparison with his previous movies shows how Lee has developed as a director.
和他先前的影片进行比较,可以看出李作为一名导演是怎样成长的。
By comparison, the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy.
相比之下,类人猿的大脑只需要休息时间能量的8%。 (2019江苏)
用法归纳
①comparison 　with ...与……的比较
②by /in comparison相比之下
③by comparison 　with ...与……相比
④in comparison to/with...与……相比
⑤make/draw a comparison/comparisons (between ...and...)比较(……和……)
词汇拓展
①compare v.对比;比较;将……比作
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare A with/to B 把A和B作比较
compared with/to...与……相比(常作状语)
Compared with/to abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward.
与抽象的目标相比,每当我们前进一步,切实可行的目标能给我们带来更多的勇气和自信。 (写作—设定目标)
②comparable adj.类似的;可比较的
A comparable house in the north of the city would cost twice as much.
一栋类似的房子位于城北部就要花两倍的钱。
③comparative adj.比较的;相对的
Then she was living in comparative comfort.她那时生活得比较舒适。
12. contrary adj.相反的,相对立的;截然不同的 n.相反;相反事物;反面
Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.
与通俗历史读物相反,大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性、更严肃的方式研究历史。 (教材P37)
情景导学
Contrary to arguments made by some economists, China does not have the problem of excessive infrastructure investment.
与一些经济学家提出的论点相反,中国并不存在基础设施投资过度的问题。
(Global Times)
Pessimists,on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.相反,悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源。 (2020北京)
For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance, but we now have evidence to the contrary.
长期以来,这种物质被认为是无害的,但现在我们有了相反的证据。
用法归纳
①contrary 　to ...与……相反
②contrary opinions/arguments完全相反的观点/论点
③the contrary相反的事实(或事情、情况)
④on the contrary与此相反;恰恰相反
⑤to the contrary相反的;相反地
13. pray vi.& vt.企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告
...to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.
……为了表示对那些在袭击中失去生命的人的尊重,并祈求世界和平。 (教材P40)
情景导学
She prayed to God for an end to her sufferings.她向上帝祈祷结束她的苦难。
I almost died of embarrassment. I prayed that nobody could notice my embarrassment.我险些尴尬死。我企盼没有人会注意到我的尴尬。 (读后续写—心理描写)
The tower attracts many local residents and tourists who want to go to pray for good fortune.
这座塔吸引了许多想去祈福的当地居民和游客。
用法归纳
①pray (　to sb.)　for sb./sth.为某人/某事(向某人)祈祷
②pray to do sth.祈求做某事
③pray 　for sth.企盼/祈求某事
④pray that...企盼/但愿……;祈祷……
词汇拓展
prayer n.祈祷,祷告;祈望;祈祷仪式
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了 I’m lucky to participate in the national dancing competition on behalf of our school.我很幸运代
表我们学校参加全国舞蹈比赛。
on sb.’s behalf代表某人 in behalf of sb.=in sb.’s behalf为帮助某人
harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的 harmoniously adv.和谐地;融洽地 harmony n.和谐,协调;融洽 live/be in harmony with...与……和谐相处
proof n.证据,证明 positive/conclusive proof确切的/确凿的证据
prove v.证明,证实 evidence n.证据,证明
influential adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的 influentially adv.有影响地;有力地 influence n.影响;支配力vt.影响;支配
financial adj.财政的,金融的,财务的 financially adv.财政上,金融上 finance n.财政;金融
depart v.离开,起程;违背 depart from离开……;从……出发;违背…… depart for开往……,去往/动身去……
departure n.离开,出发;背离,违反 　leave v.离开
shortage n.不足,短缺 a shortage of...缺少……
short adj.短的;不足的 adv.不足
allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把 ……计算在内 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事 allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sth. for sb./sth.为某人/某事物留出某物 take...into consideration考虑到……
sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好 sort v.整理;分类n.种类 sort out...from...把……从……中区分出来/辨别出来 sort...into...把……分类成…… sort through...翻查……,归整…… sort of有几分;有那么一点 all sorts of...各种各样的……
prison n.监狱 in prison坐牢 be sent to prison被关进监狱
prisoner n.囚犯,犯人 jail n.监狱
exceptional adj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的 exceptionally adv.例外地;罕见,特别,非常 exception n.例外的人(或事物) except prep.除……外 v.把……排除在外conj.只是 except for...除了…… outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
pack vt.& vi.塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装 n.包,包裹;小盒,小包 pack up sth.收拾行李;把某物打包 pack sth. in/with sth.用某物包装某物 pack away sth.将某物收拾起来 pack sb./sth. in/into...在……塞进大量的人或物 a pack of...一群……;一盒……
package n.包裹 v.包装
aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等) go aboard上船(或飞机、火车等) All aboard!请大家上船(或车等)!
on board在船(或飞机、火车)上
dive vi.俯冲;跳水;潜水 n.冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水 dive into跳入;迅速将手伸入 go diving去潜水
diver n.跳水者;潜水者
freeze vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵 freeze to death冻死 freeze over冰封 freeze up冻住 freeze out逼走
frozen adj.结冰的;冻僵的;惊呆的 freezing adj.极冷的;冰点以下的
meanwhile adv.同时;其间;对比之下 n.其间,同时 in the meanwhile在此期间,与此同时 for the meanwhile一会儿;暂时
meantime adv.& n.其间,同时
drag v.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动;过得很慢(生义) drag sb./sth.+adv./prep. 把某人/某物拉…… drag down使(某人)虚弱(或不愉快);使(社会地位、经济地位、行为标准等)下降 drag on持续太久;拖得太久 drag sb. into sth.硬让某人卷入某事 drag up提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事) drag out不必要地拖延…… drag one’s feet/heels故意拖拉;故意延迟
bleed vi.(bled,bled)失血,流血 blood n.血,血液 bloody adj.血腥的;流血的
hatch vt.密谋,策划;使孵出 vi.孵化;孵出 hatch out孵出 hatch up策划(阴谋);拟订(计划)
plot n.阴谋;故事情节 vi.& vt.密谋 vt.绘制 plot to do sth.密谋做某事 plot with sb. against sb.与某人密谋反对某人 plot sth. on sth.在……上画出……
sink vi.& vt.(sank,sunk)下沉,沉没; 坐下;降低 sink in 渗入;被完全理解 sink into 陷入;渐渐进入……状态;插入
memorial n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物 adj.纪念的 a memorial to...……的纪念碑;……的纪念物
memory n.记忆;记忆力 in memory of...作为对……的纪念 memorize v.记住,记忆 monument n.纪念碑
shift n.改变,转移;轮班v.(使)移动;(使)转移;改变 shift (sth.) from...to...(把某物)从……转移到……
必备语法
1. keep+宾语+宾语补足语
Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
不顾所有挑战,哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢使每个人都平安越过海洋。
(教材P31)
情景导学
He kept his coat on.他一直穿着大衣。
He kept the children amused for hours.他陪孩子们玩儿了好几个小时。
What do you do to keep yourself looking good and feeling good
你做什么来使自己看起来不错并感觉良好
Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.
现在,在餐桌上,我们有手机陪伴。 (2019全国Ⅱ)
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。
The cellphones keep us informed of the news of the day and entertain us with videos of singing, dancing and acting.
手机让我们了解当天的新闻,用唱歌、跳舞和表演的视频来使我们快乐。
(写作—手机的使用)
用法归纳
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构意为“使……保持某种状态”。其中的宾语补足语可以是名词 、副词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词。
特别提醒
在“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语用现在分词还是过去分词,主要看宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系还是被动关系,表示主动用现在分词,表示被动则用过去分词。
2. 主语+be+形容词+to do
Louis,meanwhile,also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.
与此同时,路易斯也站在甲板上,幸运地没有被扔进海里。 (教材P39)
情景导学
He is always particular about everything; that is, he is hard to deal with.
他总是对一切都挑剔,也就是说他很难对付。
This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。
The morning air in summer is so good to breathe.
夏天早晨的空气呼吸起来非常好。
用法归纳
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构需具备两个前提条件:
①形容词用来说明不定式的特征。常见的此类形容词有difficult、hard、easy、good、
pleasant、interesting等。
②此结构中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。
特别提醒
若不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应该加相应的介词。
长难句
Sentence 1
译文　最后的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂,舰队就是在那里建造的。
Sentence 2
译文　这次旅行充满了挑战:花费的时间比预期的要长,他们面临着食物短缺,其中一艘船严重漏水,这些挑战使船上的每个人都处于极大的危险之中。
Sentence 3
译文　哥伦布称住在岛上的土著人为印第安人,因为他确信自己在东印度群岛。
Sentence 4
译文　这本书的内容的引人注目之处在于,它不仅包括对帝王、大臣或其他杰出人物等历史人物的生动描述,而且列出了不同时期的重要事件。
Sentence 5
译文　第二天,罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演讲,在演讲中他将12月7日描述为“一个遗臭万年的日子”,并要求美国国会对日本宣战。
Sentence 6
译文　他们来看珍珠港底部那艘船的影子,了解那次袭击,向那些在袭击中失去生命的人表示敬意,并祈求世界和平。
必备语法
表语从句
一、表语从句的概念
情景导学
The problem is whether the global warming can be controlled.
问题是全球变暖能否被控制。
Joe has taught me that helping others is what life is all about.
乔使我懂得了帮助别人是生活的全部意义所在。
Besides, all new development is banned so that the national park can always remain what it is.
此外,所有新的开发都被禁止,以便国家公园能永远保持原样。
用法归纳
表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的名词性从句,位于系动词be、feel、look、taste、
sound、seem、appear、remain 等之后。
二、表语从句的引导词
情景导学
All I know is that she used to work in a bank.
我只知道她曾经在银行工作。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁来代替她。
It seems as if he had no car, no home or no job.
他似乎没有车,没有家,也没有工作。
One of the things I asked was whether the glasses were tough.
我问的问题之一是眼镜是否结实。
用法归纳
表语从句的引导词主要有that 、whether、as if/as though、because、who、whom、whose、what、which、when、where、why、how等。
特别提醒
(1)if不能引导表语从句。
(2)that’s why后面接表示结果的内容;that’s because后面接表示原因的内容。
He did not go to the cinema last night. That was because he had to help his sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
Tom overslept this morning, and that was why he was late for work.
汤姆今天早晨睡过了头,那就是他上班迟到的原因。
(一)that引导的表语从句
情景导学
The reason was that Paul told a lie.原因是保罗撒谎了。
The point is that we should depend on ourselves.关键是我们应该依靠自己。
The problem remains that we can’t get so many recorders.
问题仍然是我们弄不到那么多录音机。
用法归纳
that引导表语从句时在从句中不充当成分, 没有 词汇意义,但是一般不能省略。
特别提醒
当主语是reason时,表语从句一般要用that引导而不用because。
(二)whether引导的表语从句
情景导学
The point is whether my parents agree with me.
关键是我父母是否同意我的看法。
All she’s worried about is whether he is all right or not.
她所担心的只是他是否安然无恙。
The question is whether we can reduce the costs of the product.
问题是我们能否降低该产品的成本。
用法归纳
whether引导表语从句时在从句中不充当成分,但有词汇意义,意为“是否 ”。
(三)wh-类连接词引导的表语从句
情景导学
My question is what he will do next.我的问题是他下一步将做什么。
The doubt is who has taken away the document.疑点是谁拿走了文件。
The question is how we can do the work better.
问题是我们如何才能将这项工作做得更好。
Something else I’d like to know is whose house was broken into.
另外我还想知道的是谁家被强行闯入了。
What they want to know is when the meeting will begin.
他们想知道的是会议将在什么时候开始。
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊的意义。 (2020全国Ⅱ)
用法归纳
(1)连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which等引导表语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)连接副词when、where、why、how等引导表语从句时在从句中作状语。
(四)as if/as though引导的表语从句
情景导学
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。
At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.
当时,我似乎想不出恰当的字眼来。
用法归纳
as if/as though引导表语从句时在从句中不充当成分,意为“好像,似乎”,常跟在feel、
look、taste、sound、seem、appear等系动词之后。
三、表语从句中的虚拟语气
情景导学
His demand was that we (should) go to the training center at once.
他的要求是我们马上去培训中心。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.
我的建议是我们应该讨论一下这件事。
The only requirement for this railcard is that you (should) be under the age of 16.
使用这张火车优惠卡的唯一要求就是你的年龄要在16岁以下。
She looks as if she were ten years younger.
她看起来仿佛年轻了十岁。
用法归纳
(1)当主语是表示建议(advice/suggestion/proposal)、要求(demand/requirement)、命令(command/order)等的名词时,表语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形 ”的形式,should可以省略。
(2)当表语从句的引导词是as if或as though时,后面的表语从句如果表示假设的情况,也需使用虚拟语气,对现在的虚拟用一般过去时 ;对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。如果表示事实或很可能是事实,则不用虚拟语气。
即时巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)The core of your relationship is 　that you will always be there to help each other.
2.(2022北京)This first contact was where my story began.
3.(2022全国新高考Ⅱ)That’s 　what happens to the heart.
4.(2021天津3月)With our tender, hopeful skin, that is 　where we begin.
5.He was late. That was 　because he got caught in the heavy traffic.
6.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
7.We are used to leisure. The question is 　how we can get out of our comfort zone.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我的建议是我们应该告诉他真相。
My suggestion is 　that we should tell him the truth.
2.当食物中去除了脂肪和盐,食物尝起来就好像少了什么。
When fat and salt are removed from food, the food 　tastes as if/as though
something is missing.

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