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新教材译林版 英语选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4
UNIT 4高频词汇 知识点清单
Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
高频词汇精讲
1. preserve vt.维护,保护,保存;维持;保留;贮存 n.保护区;专门领域
If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
如果是这样,你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址了。 (教材P44)
情景导学
We should try our best to preserve endangered species from extinction as we move towards the future.
在走向未来的过程中,我们应该尽全力保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
I think these interesting old customs should be well preserved, like sticking the Spring Festival couplets.
我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该被很好地保留下来,如贴春联。 (写作—节日习俗)
用法归纳
①be well /strictly preserved被很好/严格地保护/保存/保留
②preserve...　from ...保护……免于……
③in the preserve在保护区内
词汇拓展
preservation n.维护;保护;保存;保留
environmental/food preservation环境保护/食物保存
the preservation of...……的保存/维护/保留
As we all know, the police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.
我们都知道,警方负责维护治安。
2. urgent adj.紧急的,紧迫的;催促的,急切的
Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.
不幸的是,它们面临着各种危险,其中有很多都急需保护。 (教材P44)
情景导学
Our country is in urgent need of talented people.我们的国家急需人才。
It is urgent that those tents (should)be sent to the disaster area.
那些帐篷急需被送往灾区。
用法归纳
①It is urgent that...……是紧急的。(that从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用
“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略)
in urgent need of...急需……
词汇拓展
①urgently adv.迫切地;紧急地;急切地
②urge v.力劝,催促;驱赶;竭力主张 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
urge sb. to do sth.力劝/催促某人做某事
urge that...竭力主张/敦促……(从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”
的形式,should可以省略)
I am anxious to urge the world to do everything possible to help those in need.
我急于敦促世人尽一切可能帮助那些需要帮助的人。 (2022浙江)
Mr. Smith was overweight, so the doctor urged that not only (should) he have less fat, but he(should) take exercise.
史密斯先生超重了,因此医生敦促他不仅要少吃肥肉,而且要进行锻炼。
③urgency n.紧急;紧迫性
Everyone should be aware of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment.
每个人都应该意识到保护环境的重要性和紧迫性。(写作—保护环境)
3. ruin vt.破坏,毁坏;使破产,毁灭 n.毁坏,毁灭;破产;残垣断壁
...in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.
……2003年,一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部,摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区;该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 (教材P44)
情景导学
We shouldn’t be addicted to playing computer games, because it may ruin our life.
我们不应该沉迷于玩电脑游戏,因为它可能会毁了我们的生活。
After the big earthquake, many cities fell into ruin.那场大地震之后,很多城市都被毁了。
Over 30 gardens inside the resort were left in ruins due to various historical reasons.
由于各种历史原因,该旅游胜地内30多个花园成为废墟。 (Global Times)
用法归纳
①ruin one’s 　life /fame毁掉某人的生活/名誉
②ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/毁掉某人
③fall 　into ruin被毁坏
④in ruins严重受损;破败不堪
词汇拓展
ruined adj.毁坏的;严重受损的
易混辨析
ruin 多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等带来严重破坏,破坏的后果往往是使事物丧失价值;也可用于指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等
destroy 指彻底毁坏某事物,使事物丧失功能或不复存在;也可用于指使希望、计划等落空
damage 多指带来轻度损坏,所带来的损坏一般是可修复的
I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.
我非常害怕我们所说的谎言正在对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。(2020全国Ⅰ)
It is a progressive brain disorder which can destroy a person’s memory.
这是一种进行性的脑部疾病,会破坏一个人的记忆。
4. conflict n.(军事)冲突,战斗;争论;矛盾,不一致vi.冲突,抵触
In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区,武装分子甚至蓄意破坏遗产地。 (教材P45)
情景导学
He found himself in conflict with his parents over his future career.
他发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母有冲突。
The government has done much to resolve the conflict over peasant workers’ pay.
政府为解决农民工工资问题引发的冲突做了很多工作。
I often wonder if it is mistrust that causes the misunderstanding and conflict between people.
我常常在想,是不是不信任导致了人与人之间的误解和冲突。
The results conflict with earlier findings.这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
用法归纳
①(a/the) conflict 　over ...关于……的矛盾/冲突
②(a/the) conflict 　between ... ……之间的冲突
③in conflict 　with ...与……有矛盾/冲突
④(a/the) conflict of interest(s)利益冲突
⑤conflict 　with ...与……相抵触/冲突
词汇拓展
conflicting adj.冲突的;矛盾的
5. assess vt.评估,评定;估算,核定(数量、价值)
For years, a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda.
多年来,一个专家小组讨论和评估了多种佛塔修缮方法。 (教材P47)
情景导学
They assessed the value of the house at 150,000 yuan.他们估算这座房子值15万元。
The boss saw his company assessed as unqualified, disappointed and upset.
老板看到他的公司被评定为不合格,既失望又难受。 (读后续写—心理描写)
用法归纳
①assess sb./sth.　as ...评估/评定……为……
②assess sth.　at ...估算/核定……为……
词汇拓展
assessment n.看法;评估;评定
6. consultation n.咨询,商讨;就诊;查找;查阅
After close consultation with the specialists, the local government couldn’t agree on how to make the repairs safely.
在与专家进行了密切的商讨后,当地政府无法就如何使修缮安全进行达成一致意见。(教材P47)
情景导学
The study plan was drawn up in consultation with the experienced teacher, which could help students before the college entrance examination.
这个学习计划是与这位有经验的教师商讨后制订的,可以在高考前帮助学生。
用法归纳
in consultation with...与……商讨/磋商
词汇拓展
①consult v.咨询,请教;商议,商量;查阅;查询
consult sb. about sth.咨询/请教某人某事
consult with sb. about/on sth.与某人商量某事
I consulted my family doctor about sleeplessness, and he recommended that I should do yoga.我咨询了我的家庭医生关于失眠的问题,他建议我做瑜伽。
After consulting with her daughter about/on the part, she decided to take on it.
同她的女儿商量了那个角色之后,她决定接受那个角色。
②consultant n.顾问;顾问医生
情景助记
consult的不同意思
7. division n.分歧,不和,差异;分开,分隔;除(法)
There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started, but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
历史学家们对这两座神庙的具体建造时间存在分歧,但没有人能否认这一事实,它们建于公元前13世纪。 (教材P48)
情景导学
Germany was reunited after its division into two states at the end of World War Ⅱ.
德国在第二次世界大战结束时分裂为两个国家后重新统一。
The divisions between north and south are not so marked as they used to be.
南方和北方之间的分歧不像过去那样明显了。
用法归纳
①division(s) among/　between ...……之间的分歧
②(a/the) division (of sth.)　into ...(把某事物)分成……
词汇拓展
divide v.(使)分开,分割;分配;分享;使产生分歧;除以
divide...into...把……分成……
divide into...分成……
divide A by B A除以B
divide sth. among/between...在……之间分配某物
Participants were randomly divided into two groups.
参与者被随机分为两组。 (2022全国新高考Ⅱ)
易混辨析
divide...into 常指把某个整体划分为若干部分
separate...from 表示“将……与……分开”,指把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分开
情景助记
8. vote vt.& vi.投票,表决 n.选票;投票
For example, it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.
例如,它投票决定哪些遗址将被列为联合国教科文组织遗产地,并监督保护状况。
(教材P49)
情景导学
People voted against Henry who often tells lies.人们投票反对经常说谎的亨利。
The people of the states will vote to elect a new president.
各州的人民将投票选举新总统。
The conference is now debating the motion and will vote on it later.
大会现在正在讨论这项动议,之后将对此进行表决。
His teacher, Thomas,was next to him, whispering support. “...Vote for...me,”he said bravely at last.他的老师托马斯在他旁边小声地鼓励他。最后他勇敢地说:“……投票支持……我。” (读后续写—语言描写)
Let’s have a vote on it.
让我们对此事投票表决吧。
用法归纳
①vote 　on sth.就某事物投票表决
②vote 　to do sth.投票做某事
③vote 　for / against sb./sth.
投票赞成/反对某人/某事物;表决支持/不支持某人/某事物
④take/have a vote 　on sth.对某事物进行表决
⑤the vote投票总数;得票总数;投票权,选举权
词汇拓展
voter n.选举人,投票人
A majority of voters were in favour of the motion.
大多数选民赞成这一动议。
9. reserve n.自然保护区;储备 vt.预订;预留;保留
As a national park and nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the Sichuan Basin...
作为国家级公园和自然保护区,九寨沟正好在四川盆地的北部…… (教材P50)
情景导学
When I was young, my mother always kept some money in reserve in case we were sick and needed it.
在我小的时候,我妈妈总是存一些钱备用,以防我们生病需要钱。
Please give me your early reply, and we can reserve one room for us.
请尽快给我回复,我们就可以为我们预订一个房间。 (2022浙江)
用法归纳
①in reserve备用
②reserve sth. for sb./sth.为某人/某事物预订/保留某物
词汇拓展
①reservation n.预订;保留意见
make a reservation预订(房间、座位、票等);预约
without reservation毫无保留地
I’ll call the coffee house and make a reservation.
我会给咖啡馆打个电话预订座位。
Please allow me to speak the truth without reservation.
请允许我毫无保留地说出实情。
②reserved adj.内向的,矜持的,含蓄的;已被预订的
I’m way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I’m wired up every day, like most of my
friends.
我远非一个害羞或含蓄的人,但是我每天都在网上,我的朋友们大多也是如此。
(北师大选择性必修一)
10. submit v.提交,呈递;屈服
They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.
它们递交了提案,其中包括对廊道沿线33处遗址的详细研究。(教材 P53)
情景导学
Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.
向你的历史老师提交一份主题提案。 (2019天津)
The hero held his head high, glared and didn’t submit to the enemy.
这位英雄高昂着头,怒目而视,不向敌军屈服。 (读后续写—动作描写)
用法归纳
①submit (oneself) 　to sb./sth.向某人屈服/不得已接受某事
②submit sth. to sb./sth.向某人/某物提交某物
词汇拓展
submission n.提交;呈递;屈服
They prepared a report for submission to the council.
他们准备了一份报告要提交给理事会。
11. assign vt.指定,指派;分配;确定
Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.
使节张骞受皇命从长安出使中亚,试图在汉朝和西域之间建立桥梁。 (教材P53)
情景导学
I was assigned to serve the salad with the lady next to me.
我被分派和我旁边的女士一起端沙拉。 (2022浙江)
The teacher assigned a different task to each of the kids.
老师给每个孩子布置了不同的任务。
用法归纳
①assign sb. to do sth.分派/指派某人做某事
②assign sth. 　to sb.=assign sb. sth.把某物分配给某人;给某人布置任务(或工作等)
词汇拓展
assignment n.任务,作业;分派,布置
The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests.
这门课程的评估包括书面作业和实践测试。
12. ban vt.明令禁止,取缔;禁止做某事 n.禁令
The introduction of non-native species is banned.
禁止引进非本地物种。 (教材P55)
情景导学
Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back.
自2001年起,酒店就禁止Burchill入住,现在欢迎他回来(入住)。 (2021全国甲)
They ban people from fishing in this river for a few months every year so that the number of fish can grow again.
他们每年有几个月禁止人们在这条河里捕鱼,这样鱼的数量就可以再次增长。
Ortiz pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.
奥尔蒂斯推动了该州2001年禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。
(2022全国新高考Ⅱ改编)
用法归纳
①ban sb. from sth.禁止某人去某处/做某事
②ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
③a/the ban 　on sth.针对……的禁令
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
awe vt.使惊叹,使敬畏 n.敬畏,惊叹 be awed by...对……感到惊叹 be/stand in awe of...对……敬畏; 对……望而生畏 in awe敬畏地
awesome adj.令人敬畏的;惊人的
wear down (使)磨损,(使)逐渐磨平;使意志薄弱 wear on慢慢地过去;(光阴)荏苒 wear out穿破,磨损;用坏;耗尽 wear away (因重复使用而)变薄,变光滑;磨薄;磨光 wear off逐渐消失;消逝;逐渐停止
violence n.[U]暴力,暴行;狂热,激情 crimes/acts of violence暴力犯罪/行为 violence against sb.对某人的暴力 do violence to...损害……;伤害……;对……起坏作用
violent adj.暴力的;猛烈的,剧烈的;感情强烈的,激情的 a violent reaction反应强烈 violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地;凶猛地
internal adj.内部的,里面的;国内的;体内的;本身的,自身的;内心的 internal feelings/rage内心的情感/愤怒
internally adv.内部地;国内地 external adj.外部的;外界的
collapse vi.倒塌,坍塌;昏倒,倒下;瘫坐;突然失败;崩溃;降价(生义) n.昏倒;倒塌 The collapse of the bridge in Wuxi on Oct.10 caused three deaths and two injuries.10月10日,无锡的一座桥坍塌,造成3人死亡,2人受伤。
suspend vt.暂停,中止;悬,挂;延缓;使暂时停职 suspend...from sth. (by/on sth.) (用某物)使……挂在某物上 suspend sb. from...使某人暂时停职
suspension n.暂停,中止;暂令停职 suspensive adj.延迟的;产生悬念的 pause v.暂停;停顿　hang v.悬挂
operator n.操作人员,技工;接线员;经营者 operate v.运转,工作;动手术;操作,控制;经营 operate on sb.给某人做手术 operation n.手术;操作;运转,运行;活动 have an operation做手术
cooperation n.合作,协作;协助,配合 cooperation between...and...……和……之间的合作 in cooperation with...与……合作 full cooperation全力配合
cooperate v.合作,协作;协助,配合 cooperate with...和……合作 cooperative adj.合作的;同心协力的;协助的 cooperator n.合作者
forecast vt.(forecast,forecast; forecasted, forecasted)预测, 预报 n.预测,预报 forecast that...预测…… weather forecast天气预报
forecaster n.天气预报员;预测者 predict v.预告,预报　prediction n.预测
interrupt vt.打扰,插嘴;使暂停,使中断 vi.打扰,插嘴 I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I really have something important to inform you.很抱歉打断你,但我确实有重要的事情要告诉你。
interruption n.打断;中断 break v.打断;中断　disturb v.打扰,妨碍
conservation n.保护;保持;保存;节约 water conservation 节约用水;水利;水资源保护
conserve v.保存,保护;节省 conservative adj.保守的 conservator n.保护者;管理员 protection n.保护　 preservation n.保护,保存
pursue vt.追求,致力于,执行;追逐,追赶;继续探讨 pursue a goal/an aim追求目标 pursue happiness追求幸福
pursuit n.追求;寻找;追赶;事业;爱好 pursuer n.追赶者;追击者;追求者
emerge vi.出现;暴露;露头 emerge from...从……出现;从……显露出来 emerge as...作为……露头 It emerges that...事已清楚……
emergent adj.新兴的,兴起的 emergence n.出现,显现;兴起
take shape 成形,有了模样 in the shape of...呈……形状;以……的形式 in shape处于良好状态 out of shape走样,变形;身体不好 get into shape强身健体
expansion n.扩展,扩大,膨胀 expand v.发展;扩大;(使)膨胀 expansive adj.广阔的;广泛的;扩张性的,刺激经济扩展的 expansively adv.豪爽地
entry n.进入;参与,加入;参赛 make one’s entry to...=gain entry to...进入……
enter v.进来,进入;开始参加;成为……的一员 entrance n.大门(口);入口(处);通道;进入;出场;进入权 the entrance to/of...……的入口
经典结构
1. if的省略结构
If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
如果是这样,你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址了。 (教材P44)
情景导学
He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself.
他难得单独去看电影,即使不能说从来不单独去。
Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have dinner together.
你时间紧吗 如果不紧的话,我建议我们一起吃晚饭。
If possible, I wish to go to visit some old people’s homes in the city this weekend.
如果可能的话,这个周末我想去拜访这座城市里的一些敬老院。
Go slowly when driving past animals. Give them plenty of room and be ready to stop if necessary.
开车经过动物时,应缓慢行车,给它们让出充足的空间,如果有必要的话准备好停车。
用法归纳
①if 　possible 如果可能的话
②if 　ever 如果有过的话
③if 　necessary 如果有必要的话
④if so如果是这样的话
⑤if 　not 如果不是这样的话
2. not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people.
这样的危险因素不仅会对遗址本身,也会对人类造成灾难性的后果。 (教材P45)
情景导学
Not only he but also you are wrong.不但他错了,你也错了。
Not only have they mastered their skills, but they have also mastered their lives!
他们不仅掌握了技能,而且掌握了自己的生活! (外研选择性必修三)
His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world.
他的演讲不仅让我惊叹和振奋,还帮助产生改变世界的内在愿望。(2022北京)
用法归纳
①not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。
②not only只能连用,而but also既可连用,也可分开用,且also可以省略。
③not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词的人称
和数要和but also后的主语保持一致。
④not only...but also...还可以连接两个并列的分句。当其连接两个并列的分句时,若not only位于句首,则not only所在的分句要用倒装语序,而but also所在的分句不用。
3. the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……, (就)越……
The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect.
我们越是承认我们的遗产地具有突出的普遍价值,我们就越有可能尊重它们。(教材P45)
情景导学
The sooner, the better.越快越好。
Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
有趣的是,音乐越欢快,他们的心率就越快。(2021北京)
The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
你越用功,你取得的进步就越大。
用法归纳
①“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示一方随另一方的变化而变化,the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。有时前一个“the+比较级”相当于条件状语从句,后一个“the+比较级”为主句。
②主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。如果主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
③在用此结构时,有时根据具体语境可以省略一些成分,主要是be动词的省略和主语为it时主谓结构的省略。特别是谚语、俗语中,只要意义明确,越简单越好。
结构拓展
“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”,多音节的形容词或副词则用“more and
more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。
Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner.我们的城市正变得越来越干净。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.这些花越来越漂亮。
4. so that引导的状语从句
Every country can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites, which must be protected, so that we can enjoy them today and allow future generations to know where they come from.
每个国家都会为其文化或自然遗产地感到骄傲,这些遗产地必须被保护起来,以便我们今天能够欣赏它们,并让子孙后代知道它们来自哪里。 (教材P50)
情景导学
He worked hard at his lessons, so that he got high scores in the exams.
他努力学习功课,所以在考试中获得了高分。
However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
然而,它还添加了一种浓烈的气味,这样当我们检测到与危险有关的气味时,就可以发出警报。(2022北京)
They carved the words on the stone so that the future generation might remember what they had done.
他们把字刻在石头上,以便下一代能记住他们的所作所为。
用法归纳
①so that引导目的状语从句时,意为“以便;为了”,常与can/could/may/might等情态动词连用。
②so that引导结果 状语从句时,意为“因此;所以”,其前常用逗号与主句隔开。
结构拓展
so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后接形容词或副
词,such后接名词短语;名词前如有表示数量的形容词many/much/few/little修饰时,要用“so...that...”。当“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。
Tom is so kind a boy/such a kind boy that they all like to make friends with him.
汤姆是如此善良的一个男孩,以至于他们都喜欢和他交朋友。
So fast did he walk that we couldn’t keep up with him.
他走得非常快,我们跟不上他。
长难句
Sentence 1
译文　每年有大量游客前往联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游,因此这些遗产地遭受一些损坏是很自然的。
Sentence 2
译文　由于全球变暖导致海水温度很高,大量珊瑚被毁,部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响,破坏了其脆弱的自然生态。
Sentence 3
译文　丝绸之路跨越遥远的距离,覆盖令人惊叹的各种景观,是从东亚一直延伸到地中海地区的古代贸易路网。
Sentence 4
译文　长安-天山廊道是丝绸之路庞大路网的重要部分,贯穿中国、哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦三国,延伸约5,000千米长,覆盖总长8,700千米的贸易路线。
必备语法
同位语从句
　　同位语从句指的是在主从复合句中充当同位语的从句,是名词性从句的一种。同位语从句通常跟在名词后面,解释说明名词的内容。
一、常接同位语从句的名词
情景导学
He made a decision that he would work hard to go to college.
他决定他要努力学习去上大学。
They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished.
他们面临着废除这种税的要求。
Many experts hold the same view that teachers’ development is what the key to better education lies in.
许多专家持有相同的观点:更好的教育的关键在于教师的发展。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some food for someone in need.
我突然有一个温馨的想法:我或许可以用我的零花钱来为一位有需要的人买些食物。
The news that our women’s volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们的女子排球队赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
According to a survey conducted by China Daily, the fact how the middle school students make use of the cellphones really surprises us.
根据《中国日报》进行的一项调查,中学生是如何使用手机的这一事实真的令我们震惊。
用法归纳
(1)同位语从句常放在名词fact、idea、news、hope、view、wish、truth、answer、
belief、report、problem、question、promise、thought、evidence、decision、conclusion、
explanation、information等后面,解释说明这些名词的具体内容。
(2)当同位语从句放在order、advice、demand 、request、proposal、suggestion、instruc-
tion、requirement、recommendation等表示“请求,命令,建议,要求”的名词后面时,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。
二、同位语从句的引导词
情景导学
I had no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在做什么。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to do that.
我得出结论,做那种事是不明智的。
I had no idea how he went home, perhaps by bike.
我不知道他是如何回家的,或许是骑自行车。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁应该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。
David has solved the problem why the TV was out of order
.戴维解决了为什么电视出故障的问题。
We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会按时举办的问题。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有解决要去什么地方度暑假的问题。
用法归纳
(1)从属连词that无意义, 不作 (作/不作)成分,但不能省略。
(2)从属连词whether意为“是否 ”,不作成分,不能省略。
(3)连接代词who/what/which/whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(4)连接副词how/when/why/where在从句中作状语 。
特别提醒
whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
We have doubt if they can complete the task on time.(×)
三、that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别
情景导学
The suggestion (that) he made at the meeting is good.
(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
The suggestion that he should be sent to hospital at once is right.
(同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的具体内容)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
(定语从句,that在从句中作主语)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
(同位语从句,解释说明promise的具体内容)
用法归纳
(1)定语从句中的that虽无意义,但可以在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略 ;而同位语从句中的that无意义、不作成分且不能省略。
(2)定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词之间是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句则是对名词进行解释说明,是名词具体内容的体现。
即时巩固
单句语法填空
1.(2022全国乙)Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can
see you only if you can see me, too.”
2.(2022全国甲改编)I had no idea what I’d find there and I just wanted to do it.
3.The problem 　who should go abroad requires consideration.
4.I have no idea 　which wine is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste.
5.The question 　whether you can keep yourselves in good shape or not depends on your habits and diets.
6.We accept the suggestion that the whole class 　be divided (divide) into three groups.
7.I have no idea 　why Mike refused the offer from Yale University; that’s one of his favorite universities.
8.I have no idea 　when I can get to the railway station. I get stuck in traffic.

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