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教材高中英语人教版高三复习
非谓语动词Non-finite verbs
非谓语动词种类
非谓语动词定义
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词形式有
动词不定式(the Infinitive) --- to do
动名词(the Gerund) --- doing
现在分词(the Present Participle) --- doing
过去分词(the Past Participle) --- done
主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词


非谓语动词的句法功能
Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.
谓语动词
非谓语动词
宾语补足语
1. 什么是谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？
谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词
非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语动词外的成分。
（主语，宾语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，表语，同位语）
2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用
一个句子中已存在一个谓语（动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词；（一般一个连词连接两个谓语）
连词？
but,and,so; that/which/who..;what/where/how/as/when...
eg. She got off the bus, but she ________(leave) her handbag on the seat.
She got off the bus, ________(leave) her handbag on the seat.
left
leaving
谓语动词？非谓语动词？
1.He belongs to the team_________ (consist) of five people.
2.He belongs to the team that_________(consist) of five people.
3.The question_____________ (discuss) now has something to do with nature.
4.The fruit_________(look) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.
5._____ ____(expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
6.With the exams ____________ (approach), the girl was a little nervous.
7.As the exams ____________ (approach), the girl was a little nervous.
什么情况下使用非谓语？
一个句子中已存在一个谓语（动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。
consisting
consists
being discussed
looking
Being exposed
approaching
approaches
非谓语动词的三种最基本形式：
to do :
doing :
done :
非谓语动词的各种形式：
to do
doing
to do
to be done (被动式)
to be doing (进行式)
to have done (完成式)
to have been done (完成被动式)
doing
being done (被动式)
having done (完成式)
having been done (完成被动式)
done 只有一种形式
注意：否定时一律将not放于非谓语动词前。
1. to do表某一具体动作，doing表习惯动作或抽象概念。
___________ (swim) is a good form of exercise.
_________ (swim) this afternoon sounds good.
_____________ to strong sunlight too much is harmful.
2. 都可以用it作形式主语构成相应句型。
不定式用it作形式主语：It is adj./n.(for/of sb.) to do sth.
It is + 形容词 (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth.
通常用 of 的词有 brave, clever, careful, hopeless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise,
naughty, kind, good, generous, nice, considerate, thoughtful 等。
It was generous of Rick to donate $1,000 to the Hope Project.
动名词用it作形式主语:
It is no use/good doing sth. / It is a waste of time doing sth.
有时加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常是名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词
Peter’s coming late made the president angry.
Your passing the exam will please all your family.
Swimming
To swim
Being exposed
考点一：不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)作主语
1.The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ___________ (catch).
2. I would appreciate ____________ (you, call) back this afternoon.
3. I hadn’t expected ___________ (give) such a warm welcome.
4. He forgot __________ (tell) me to post the letter.
5. I shall never forget _______ (find) that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.
6. I regret ________ (tell) you that I can’t go to your birthday party.
7.They regretted _________ (agree) to the plan.
8.We feel it our duty _______ the needy.(help)
9.The washing-machine needs ________________. (repair)
考点二：不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)作宾语
being caught
your calling
to be given
to tell
finding
to tell
agreeing
to help
repairing/to be repaired
1.只跟doing作宾语的动词和短语:enjoy, consider, escape, avoid, can't help, give up, risk, appreciate, admit, be worth, mind, imagine, delay, put off, allow, permit, finish, look forward to, suggest, go on, practice, be devoted to, excuse, insist on, keep on, succeed in, miss等
2.只跟to do 不定式作宾语的动词和短语：hope, wish, expect, agree, promise, ask, refuse, manager, learn, decide, determine, pretend, choose, select, plan, apply, fail, afford, prepare, desire, happen等
3.既跟doing，又可跟to do:forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, can’t help, go on 等动词
4.主语+feel/consider/believe/think/find+it+adj/n. + to do.当it后面为no use/no good/useless时用doing. 5.sth+need/want /require 要求/deserve+doing/to be done.
考点三：非谓语动词做表语
1..My hope is ________(take) advantage of my spare time.
2.My idea is ________(discuss) the problem in groups.
3.What I would suggest is __________(start)work at once.
4.My job is _________(clean) the teacher's office.
5.His hobby is __________(collect) coins.
6.My dream is ___________(travel) around the world.
7.The game is __________.(excite)
8.We felt so _________.(excite)
9.Many problems still remain ___________.(solve)
10.She remained _________(stand), though we asked her to sit down.
11.The true author of the book remains _________.(know)
be solved
to take
to discuss
to start
to clean
collecting
to travel
exciting
excited
standing
unknown
1.主语通常为aim, idea, plan, job, dream, suggestion,purpose,wish,intention，task 等名词时,表语常用动词不定式。
2.以what引导的名词性从句 用不定式或动名词做表语。说明主语的具体内容。
3.动名词则表示比较抽象的习惯性的动作。
4.动词的ing形式作表语，修饰物,意为令人...的;动词过去分词作表语,修饰人,意为感到...的。
5.remain做有待的时候 后面加to be done做表语；remain做保持的意思 后面加现在分词和过去分词做表语
1.One learns a language by making mistakes and ___________(correct)them.
2.She doesn't feel like___________(study) abroad. Her parents are old.
3.Biff suggested _________(hold)a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
4.You can't imagine what difficulty we had_________(walk)home in the snowstorm.
5.I can't stand ________(work)with Jane in the same office.
6.He got well-prepared for the job interview.,for he couldn't risk_______(lose)the good opportunity.
7.It is the end of my tiring day,and I really appreciate___________(have)time to relax.
8. I didn't mean________(eat)anything, but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help_________(try)it
correting
studying
holding
walking
working
losing
having
to eat
trying
练一练
1.My task is___________ (clean）the classroom this afternoon.
2.The story was__________.We were all deeply_________by the story.(move)
3.No matter how bright a talker you are.There are times when it is better
_____________(remain )silent.
4. It is no good__________(learn) English without speaking English.
5.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old people.,But it remains
__________________(see)whether they will enjoy it.
to clean
moving
moved
to remain
learning
to be seen
1.Then, I reached for my daughter’s hand and asked her _________(take) a walk in the field.
2.Somehow I forced my finger________(press) the button.
3.I heard her________ an English song just now.(sing)
4.I heard her _______ an English song when I passed by.(sing)
5.I heard the song ______ several times last week.(sing)
6.He had me ______ the wall.(paint)
7.He was seen_________(wave) the 11-year-old off at the school gate as she walked into the building.
8.I had my hair ________yesterday.(cut)
9.But that’s how nature is—always leaving us __________ (astonish).
10.What Lucy said left me _________ deeply.(think)
11.With so much work _______ (fill) my mind, I almost break down.
12.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
13.With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
14.The president was reported___________(visit) China.
15.Such a diet is widely believed __________(offer)protection against anumber of cancers.
考点四：非谓语动词做宾补
to take
to force
sing
singing
sung
paint
waving
cut
astonished
thinking
filling
finished
to settle
to have visited
to offer
1.带to的动词动词不定式作宾补常见的有：ask, invite, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach等。
2.不带to的不定式作宾补，常见动词(主动语态中)有，使役动词(make, let, have); 感官动词(see, watch, observe,hear, notice)
3.表示主动、进行，常用现在分词做宾补的有: feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, get, have, keep, leave, send等。
4.With+宾语+doing(表主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表将来)
5.有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be 作宾补或主补。
6.在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought/+to do/to have done结构中，用不定式作主语补足语。
1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _______(interest) in his lectures.
2. In the dream Peter saw himself _______ (chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke
suddenly with a start.
3.The salesman scolded the girl caught _______ (steal) and let her off.
4.They knew her very well. They had seen her ______ (grow) up from childhood.
5.John was made _________ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.
6.Charles Babbage is generally considered _________________ (invent) the first computer.
7.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds _________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
8. (2022青岛市模拟) Despite being two goals behind South Korea in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals______________ (score) in just five minutes.
9.He is said ___________(go) abroad.
10.During the Qin dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all walls __________(join) up.
interested
chased
stealing
grow
to wash
to have invented
surrounding
scored
to have gone
joined
1.I have an important meeting ________ (attend).
2.The child has nothing ______________ (worry).
3.We have made a plan ___________ (finish) the work this week.
4.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
5.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
6.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
7.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)A study of travelers _________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world．
8.At present, there is a new supermarket ____________ (build) in the south of the town.
考点五：非谓语动词做定语
to attend
to worry
to finish
to journey
held
saying
conducted
being built
1.1)动词-ing作定语表示主动正在进行；2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作，用being done 结构；3)表示心理状态的动词ing形式形容词意为:令人…的；
2.1)过去分词作定语表示被动、完成;2)过去分词形式的形容词,意为:人感到…的,也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice的名词
3.动词不定式作定语1)表示未发生的用to do;2)看见first, second, last等序数词以及形容词最高级(+名词),用动词不定式作定语；3)抽象名词ability, attempt, chance, desire, opportunity, potential, way, wish, idea, plan等词后面用动词不定式作后置定语。
1.The Town Hall _________ (complete) in the 1800’s was the most
distinguished building at that time.
2.The old man, _____________ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
3.She is the only one to think there is no need ________ (carry) out the plan.
4.We’re looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of the art festival ____________ (hold) tomorrow.
5.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
6.Most of the people ________ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
7.His anxiety _________ (leave) the office was obvious.
8.(2023重庆市强基联合体检测)The campaign is aimed at enhancing employees’ willingness ___________ (adjust) the work-life balance and stimulating higher work efficiency.
completed
having worked
to carry
to be held
saying
invited
to leave
to adjust
1.(2021全国乙卷)这是使我们学习更有效率的许多方法之一。
2.(2021全国甲卷)我们学校将举办一场以“中国传统文化”为主题的班会。
3.我写信邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会，这是展现你们英语才能、激发学生学习英语兴趣的一个好机会。
4.(2021新高考I卷)它内容丰富，涵盖了广泛的话题，吸引高年级学生，引导我们作为一个沉默的朋友进入外部世界。
I am writing to invite you to our English party to be held on June first at the school stadium, which is a good chance to display your English talent and motivate students’ interest in English learning.
This is one of the many ways to make our study more efficient.
Our school is going to launch an annual class meeting themed Traditional Chinese culture.
It is rich in content and covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into The outer world as a silent friend.
1.He arrived at the airport, only ___________ (tell) the actress had left.
2.I am amazed ___________ (hear) from my school teacher.
3.To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy __________(produce) in large numbers.
4._____________(save) money, he has tried every means.
5.Nervously ___________(face) challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“ be yourself”.
6.Not _____________(know) how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled in his cave and slept.
7.He dropped the glass, ________ (break) it into pieces.
8.(2022南通市考前练习) He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night,_________(trap) in an unhealthy daily routine.
9._____________(see)from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful.
考点六：非谓语动词做状语
to be told
to hear
to produce
To save
facing
knowing
breaking
trapped
Seen
1.动词不定式作状语:1)作目的状语。动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的，其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
2)作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用;而动词-ing形式表示自然而然的结果.
3)作原因状语。形容词或动词 ed形式作表语时，后面可接动词不定式作原因状语。常见的有happy, lucky, sorry, proud, disappointed, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased等。
4)主语+系动词+表语(adj.)+to do句式,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
1.现在分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件结果、方式或伴随、让步等), 1)如果逻辑主语(即句子主语)与所填动词是主谓关系(即主动关系),表示句子主语是动作的发出者,那么就用动词 ing形式.2)表自然而然的结果用-ing形式。
2.过去分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件结果、方式或伴随、让步等)，如果逻辑主语(即句子主语)与所填动词是动宾关系(即被动关系),表示句子主语是动作的承受者,那么就用动词-ed形式。
独立结构
1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
2.The field _______ (plough), he began to spread seed.
3.Time _________ (permit), we’ll do another two exercises.
4.There _____ (be) no bus, I had to walk home.
5.The work ________(do), we went home.
特殊形式作状语：Generally speaking 总的说来，Strictly speaking 严格地说，
Judging from / by 从…判断，Allowing for / Considering 考虑到，Given … 考虑到…
To tell (you) the truth, 老实说，To begin with, 首先，o be exact/ brief, 精确地说/简言之，
To conclude, To sum up, 总而言之，To make / cut a long story short, 长话短说，
To make matters / things worse, 更糟的是，To say nothing of … 姑且不说…，
ploughed
permitting
being
done
Faced with all kinds of information on the Internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the false.
3.(2021新高考I卷)双胞胎走下楼梯，发现爸爸正在打扫厨房。
4.(2021全国乙卷)知道你对中国感兴趣，我相信你能帮我解决这些难题。
5.(2021全国乙卷)面对网上的各种各样的信息，我们无法辨别真假。
The twins went down the stairs, finding Dad cleaning up the kitchen.
Knowing that you are interested in China, I do believe you can help me solve these puzzles.
完成下列句子，注意非谓语动词的用法（写作）
In order to release the pressure resulting from our study, I went to Xingxin Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend.
6.(2021年1月浙江卷)带着兴奋的心情走回家时，我想了很多关于如何处理他的计划。
7.(2021年天津卷)从你的上一封信中得知你对我的假期安排很好奇，我写信告知你一些相关的细节。
8.（2020课标II）为了缓解学习带来的压力，上周末我和同学一起去兴鑫农场摘橘子。
While walking back home with an excited mind, I conceived many plans about how to dispose of money.
Having known from your last letter that you are curious about my vacation, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
完成下列句子，注意非谓语动词的用法（写作）
1.There are two roads before us, one (lead) to the beach, the other to the park.
2.The man ___________(wear) the necklace was called Jone.
3.The man ____________(surround) by many people wore a smile .
4.The conference (hold) last week is about world environment protection.
5.The conference (hold) now is about world environment protection.
7.The conference (hold) next week is about world environment protection.
8.I walked hard on the ground (cover) by/with snow.
9.Prices of daily goods ________(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
leading
wearing
surrounded
held
being held
to be held
covered
bought
1.Last night, there were millions of people_____ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.
2.The lecture, ____ (start) at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
3.Toady there are more airplanes _____ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies.
4..Mark lives in a big pleasant room ______ (measure) approximately 5 meters by 6 meters.
5. __________ (spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
6.“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ____ (run) away.
watching
starting
carrying
measuring
Having spent
running
PART ONE
非谓语动词
常用句型
用非谓语动词常用句型翻译下列句子(写作)
It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not．
1.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)这个计划是否对学生们有好处，还需要拭目以待。 remain to be done有
待于被…
2.对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是你们必须要面对的首要问题。 疑问词
+to do 结构
To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the
first thing that you have to face．
3.我听说我们的新老师很容易相处。 be easy/difficult to do… 做…容易/困难
I hear that our new teacher is easy to get along with．
4.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈，也不愿与父母面对面谈话。prefer to do…rather than do…/prefer doing… to doing…/would rather do…than do 宁愿做…,而不愿做…
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk
with their parents face to face．
While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists’ works．
5.参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家们的作品。(When / while / once /unless /although…+doing/done)
6.(2021浙江卷)参观了这个展览会，我非常兴奋，因为它让我更好地理解了传统中国画的
艺术。(Having done…已经…)
Having visited the exhibition, I was extremely excited because it enabled me to
Understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better．
7.他们匆忙赶到教室，却发现所有学生都离开了。(only to do…表示出乎意料的结果)
They hurried to the classroom, only to find that all the students had left．
Judging from what he said, we could tell that he was not an honest man．
8.根据他说的话，我们可以判断他不是一个诚实的人。(judging from/by…根据…判断)
用非谓语动词常用句型翻译下列句子(写作)
Compared with having classes at school, we can’t interact with the teachers and classmates face to face about what we learn．
9.(2021全国乙卷)与在学校上课相比，我们不能与老师和同学面对面地交流我们所学到的东西。(compared with/to…与…比较)
With the money held firmly in my hand, I stood as far away from my dad as possible．
10.(2020·天津卷)据说，他们班已经被选中参加即将到来的典礼。(be said/reported/considere…d to
do…据说/报道/认为…)
Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the coming ceremony
11.(2021浙江卷)我手里紧紧地握着钱，站得离爸爸越远越好。(with+宾语+非谓语动词)
(2020新高考I卷)每一个跑步者都尽力完成了任务，一路上的同学给了他们必要的帮助和鼓励。
Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way
giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.
用非谓语动词常用句型完成下列句子(写作)
1.沉浸在强烈的恐惧感中，她一句话说不出来。
Immersed in a strong sense of fear/horror, she could not say/utter a single word.
2.好奇心切，她从河岸边跑开，穿过田野，去追兔子。
Burning with curiosity/Driven by curiosity=Out of curiosity, she ran away from the bank of the river and across the field to chase the rabbit.
3.他聚精会神地听着，咬着嘴唇bite one's lips，眼睛盯着地板.
He listened with close attention, biting his lips and staring at the floor.
4.怒火中烧，他说不出一句话。
Filled with fury/anger，he couldn't utter a single word.
Overwhelmed/Enveloped/Seized by fury/anger,...
5.看到我做了什么，妈妈皱了皱眉头frown，好像是要我赶快站起来。
Seeing what I did, my mother frowned as if to ask me to stand up quickly.
6.她穿着圣诞老人Santa Claus的服装，悄悄溜进slip into房间，没有被看到.
Dressed in a Santa Claus’s costume, she slipped into the room without being noticed.
综合练习
Whether they're playing on TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 　1　 (live) in a city 　2　 (see) thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people 　3　 (buy)things; they also serve as a window into cultures, societies and history.
Modern adverts began to appear in 　4　 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 　5　____ (produce) in newspapers and magazines.
Looking at some of these early ads is like 　6　 (take) a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes promised that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including 　7　 (breathe) problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers 　8　 (mix) the sugary soft drink 7-Up with their baby's milk.
Nowadays, of course, the harmful effects of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. Although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today's ads 　9　 (be) just as strange. It 　10　_____________(believe) that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
living
to see
to buy
the
to produce
taking
breathing
to mix
to be
is believed
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