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高考英语阅读答题技巧
------推理判断题
考法1 ：推断隐含意义
常见设问形式:
1.What can we infer about...
2.Which of the following statements does the passage support
3.What does the author imply about...
4. What can we learn / know about the author from
5.What conclusion could be drawn / discover / conclude from ___
推断隐含意义是高考阅读理解中必考的考查方向,要求考生根据文章的某个或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有明说的内容、可能发生的事情或某事物的特征等,旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意的能力。
高考链接
2020年5月 天津 B 片段
He's not ready to retire, but he's found a new hobby to keep his hands skillful in the years to come.
“I’ve taken up knitting（编织）,” Parry said. "Hats, sweaters, gloves — I enjoy it all. But mostly, I enjoy giving everything away."
44. What can we learn about Parry from the last two paragraphs of the passage
A.He is eager to show others his new skills.
B.He enjoys trying new ways to help others.
C.He is looking forward to life after retirement.
D.He is more interested in knitting than drawing.
做题小技巧：
1.先寻读,找到相关信息点;
2.接着研读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;
3.再分析推理,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿拿文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;
4.最后结合选项对比,找到与文章信息点所表达意思相近的选项。
考法2 ：推断文章出处或定位读者
常见设问形式:
1.Where is the text most likely from
2.From which is the text probably taken
3.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
4.Who is the passage probably intended for
文章出处推断题要求能够根据文章的特点推断文章的出处。读者对象推断题要求根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象是什么人。
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with…
…
31.Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary.　　　　　　　B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
高考链接
Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.
36.Who is this passage most probably written for
A. College teachers.
B. University graduates.
C. High school teachers.
D. Would-be college students.
考法3 ：推断写作意图
常见设问形式:
1.What is the purpose of the text
2.What does the story intend to tell us
3.What does the writer of the story want to tell us
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的大意,还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力,因为作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地向读者传达某种想法或观点。
高考链接
2020年7月天津 A篇
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out (出借) books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats (载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
40. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To point out the importance of public libraries.
B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.
2020年7月天津 B篇
“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue (塑像) of me—is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream ”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors—they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream A bust (半身像) ”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.
“Of course—I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay (粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.”
45. What message does the story convey
A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B. Experience helps to promote excellence.
C. Ups and downs make one strong.
D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.
推断作者的写作意图时,考生要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点,通过文章体裁和主旨来推断作者的写作目的。
考法4 ：推断观点态度
常见设问形式:
1.Which word best describes the author's attitude to/towards...
2.What is the author's attitude towards...
3.What does the author think of...
4.How does the author feel about...
5.What is sb.'s attitude to/towards...
观点态度推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。
作者的态度和观点无非就是三种：
（1）支持、赞同、乐观
（2）反对、批评、怀疑、悲观
（3）中立、客观
褒义词：
positive optimistic
favorable
supportive
appreciative
贬义词：
doubtful negative
ironic
critical
disgusted
Disappointed
中性词：
objective
neutral
indifferent
uninterested
高考链接
2021年7月天津 C篇片段
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed. "As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology, she says. "'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in their goals."
50. What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings
A. It's well planned.
B. It is promising.
C. It is uncertain.
D. It's quite hopeless.
做题小技巧：
1.通过文章主旨推断作者的观点或态度。作者的观点或态度一般与文章主旨相关联,考生应先通读全文,结合文章内容抓住文章的主旨,再结合细节来判断作者的观点或态度。
2.通过细节描述推断观点或态度。观点或态度通常隐藏在对人物的语气、肢体动作、面部表情或性格倾向等的描述中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的词汇或句子中。因此,考生要通过分析文中的用词、语气或对细节的描述等来推断作者或文中人物的观点或态度。
特别提醒　
解此类题目时应注意:
1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度;
2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点;
3.要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
Summary I
1. 细节推断题： 寻读---研读---推理；
2. 作者意图、目的推断题：理解各种文体的写作意图，并具体化
3. 文章出处推断题：
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识，要 对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等的特点有基本的了解。
4. 观点态度推断题：
文章主旨
文章细节
Summary II
推理判断题易错总结：
1.把直接表达当作间接推理
2.与原文不符，如因果倒置等；
3.根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章；
4.推理过头，引申过度。
Homework
1、To recall what you have learnt in the class.
2、To finish the exercise.
Key words
connotation n. 隐含意义
diction n. 措辞
artical origin 文章出处
readership n.读者身份
text structure 篇章结构
article feature 文章特点
promote new products 推销新产品
biography n. 传记
popular science knowledge 科普知识
tourism resort 旅游胜地
pratical essay 应用文
narrative essay 记叙文
expository essay 说明文
argumentative essay 议论文
literal meaning 字面含义
convey v. 传达；表达
直击高考
(2018天津夏,B)词数:407
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address ”“No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”
“Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
“May I help you ”a man asked.“No,”I said.“We’re fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are ”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What’s this place ”I asked, still confused.“Well, it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”
“There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum ”
“Yes. But how do you know We never told anyone.”
“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you.”
3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall
A.Puzzled.　　　　　B.Concerned.
C.Frightened.　　　　D.Delighted.
5.What could we learn from the last paragraph
A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B.People should spend more time with their family.
C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
(2018天津夏,D)词数:367
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you‘ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas.
Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they‘d felt cold water at first.
2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3
A.To avoid jumping to conclusions. B.To stop complaining all the time.
C.To follow the teacher s advice. D.To admit mistakes honestly.
5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should　　 .
A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C.open our mind to new things and ideas
D.try our best to protect nature
（2017天津夏,B)词数:359
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape
Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand. 　　　.
A.the need to be close to nature
B.the importance of private space
C.the joy of the vacation in Italy
D.the shared passion for beauty
5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon. 　　　.
A.a particular life experience
B.the pleasure of traveling
C.the art of photography
D.a lost friendship
(2017天津夏,B)词数:359
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech”student(技校学生). They’re called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he s a good kid,” I wanted to say.“And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $ 800.
“Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件) from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $ 25 instead of $800.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
4.In the author’s eyes, motorheads are_____ 　　　.
A.tidy and hard-working　　　　　B.cheerful and smart
C.lazy but bright　　　　　 D.relaxed but rude
5.What did the author realize in the end
A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B.It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C.Architects play a more important role than builders.
D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.

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