2024届高考英语题型读后续写之如何构思人物对话讲义素材

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2024届高考英语题型读后续写之如何构思人物对话讲义素材

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读后续写之如何构思人物对话
对话(dialogue)是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话。它可以揭示人物的性格
和个性,它也可以用来推动情节向前发展,并展示情节发展的过程。人物对话,是故事创作的一
大要素,是塑造人物形象不可或缺的部分。
美国作家兼写作导师Gloria Kempton的一番话道出了对话的重要性:“对话不仅为页面留
白,创造视觉上的吸引力,还令故事中的人物生动鲜活,创造情感上的吸引力。故事背景若通过
对话场景展示,我们会兴趣大增。对话透露了人物的动机,展现了与其表面活动截然相反的目
标。充满张力的人物对话能使读者了解人物的内心世界,并为故事发展制造悬念。对话场景一
经展开便可加快故事的节奏。对话使读者对故事背景产生身临其境之感。精心编写的对话甚
至可以传达故事的主题。有效对话传达了读者渴望了解的所有信息。这种对话正是我们作家
梦寐以求的。”
对话,作为故事中最重要的元素之一,其语言要避免冗长的叙述,避免直接告诉读者。有效
的对话会让你故事中的人物生动立体、栩栩如生,会推动故事的发展,使其更有乐趣。接下来以
《典范英语10秘密花园》为例,通过对话描写的技巧分析和佳句赏析,来探讨和学习人物对话描
写的写作技能,更深层次地把握人物对话描写的准确传神。
(一)准确标点,使人物对话显“完整”
1.对话提示词(Dialogue tags)位置可放在引用的对话前、中、后三个位置。
①Mary asked,“..”
②“.”explained Mary,“.”/“.” explained Mary.“.”
③".." asked Colin
2.对话中的逗号,永远在引号里面。
对话提示词“某某人说”构成了整个句子的框架,它和它引用的部分是一个整体,是完整的
一个句子。这就解释了很多人的疑惑,为什么有时候引用的对话说完了,但是后面却用逗号。
“It was as hard as a rock,”he said.但是He said,“It was as hard as a rock."
3.整个对话(引用部分+对话提示词)完整的时候,才能使用句号。对话开始首字母大写。
如果对话提示词是插在一个完整对话中间的,后面需要用逗号,且后半句话开头首字母要
小写。
"There's a secret garden,”she whispered,"full of the most wonderful things."(P42)
(二)细节描写,令人物对话显“丰满”
人物对话描写需要对话、叙述和行动三种元素的有机编织,才能使故事和人物跃然纸上。
我们梳理一下《秘密花园》中“said”的补充式描写(声音描写和神态措写)人物对话佳句,挖掘出
对话描写的结构特点,以便借鉴和仿写。
【观察并思考1】根据对话的内容,来揣摩说话人说话时的声普特点和神态变化,比如:情褚
高涨还是低落 欢喜还是憎恶 声音洪亮还是低沉 粗鲁还是温柔 等等。选择恰当的丧达
来补充“说”的细节,可使人物“活”起来。
(1)“Oh! You're up! Morning, Miss! I'm Martha, ” she said wit a smile.
(2)“Poor lad,” Dickon said, with more sympathy than Mary had shown,“stuck indoors all day.”
(3)“Mr. Craven " Mary asked in astonishment.
(4)“May I " Colin said in awe.
(5)“Take me over there! Now over there!" he ordered in delight as Dickon wheeled him up to every corner, every nook and cranny of the garden.
(6) When she was calmer, and had dried her tears, she said seriously,“Dickon, will you do something for me ”
(7)“Robin,”she said, her voice soft, “yesterday you showed me the key. Can you show me the door today ”
(8)“Come, child,”Mr. Craven said, his voice more gentle than she had thought it would be.
(9) “You must come again, ” he told her, his voice far away, “come again soon.”
(10)“I can see it,”Colin smiled, his voice sounding far away.“I can see it.”(P55)
“with/in+n..(表情/例句解析:例句(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)中,从说话人物的情绪着手,采用“with/i情绪名词)”。例句(7)(8)(9)(10)中,则着眼说话者的声音变化的补充描写。
【写作技巧1】“said”的补充式描写(声音描写和神态描写)
①“···,”he+prepositional phrases(介词短语)
②"..he said +adv.
③“”he said with a +adj. + n.(表情名词,如smile)
④“...,”he said with/in + n.(情绪名词,如anger,delight,astonishment,awe等)
⑤“..·,”he said, his voice +adj./doing.(独立主格结构)
“...,”he said in a +adj. + voice((形容词,如 low/gentle/trembling/cheery/deter-,⑨mined等)
(三)精彩“说”动词,使人物对话带“动感”
【观察并思考2】根据对话的内容,用丰富的对话提示动词来替代“said”,来展现说话人不同的说话方式。思考人物为什么说这样的话,是为了感谢还是道歉?祈求还是呵斥?又是以怎样的方式说的?节奏、情绪和声音又有什么不同?
(1)“Well done,Miss!”Martha nodded. “Excepting for your boots being on the wrong feet,you've done a grand job!”
(2)“It has to be,” she whispered to herself.
(3)“Well,I do like birds!” Mary grinned.
(4)Marsha chewed her lip. “Don't tell nobody I told you that, will you I'll be in such trouble if you do.”
“I won't tell,” Mary promised.
(5)“Sorry, Miss Mary, lunch is a bit late today,”Martha apologized. She looked hot and bothered.
例句解析:例句(1)中“nodded”表明说话人对对方的赞同,可见说话时的肯定和干脆。
例句(2)中“whispered”体现了说话人的喃喃自语。
例句(3)中“grinned”展现了说话时笑容满面,可以想象说话人的开心和雀跃。
例句(4)中“promised”表明所说话语是对对方的承诺。
例句(5)中“apologized”看出说话人在道歉,说话时的为难和尴尬也就不言而喻了。
【写作技巧2】“说”的不同方式(how to say+why to say)
nod(低头),whisper(轻声细语),sigh(叹息),grin(咧嘴笑),beam(眉开眼笑),yell(吼
叫),fume(气得冒烟),growl(低吼),rant(咆哮),snort(发哼声),mumble(咕哝),sniff
(嗤之以鼻),stammer(结巴),swallow(吞咽),repeat(重复地说)
promise(承诺),apologise/apologize(道歉),beg(乞求),agree(同意),reply(回复),add(补
充道),demand(ask firmly)质问,decide(决定),declare(宣称),announce(郑重地说)
(四)花式句型,为人物对话增色
【观察并思考3】以下对话,说话人说话的同时都有哪些画面感的描写?句式有何特点?
(1) Marsha chewed her lip. “Don't tell nobody I told you that, will you I'll be in such trouble if you do.”
(2)Colin glared at her. “You didn't come to see me!”
(3) “I shan't!” Mary said, stung as if she had been accused of something.
(4)“Take me over there! Now over there!” he ordered in delight as Dickon wheeled him up to every corner, every nook and cranny of the garden.
(5)“Listen to that, ” the nurse said, as sounds of laughter were heard coming from Colin's bedroom.
(6)“I don't like the moors,” Mary said, remembering the bleak, black wilderness they had crossed the day before.
(7)“I've met Dickon! He brought me things for the garden, ” she gasped, hurling herself into their chair at her dining table.
例句解析:例句(1)中“chewed her lip”,体现了说话人的紧张。
例句(2)中“glared at her”,可看出说话人的生气。
例句(3)中“stung as if she had been accused of something”这一从句,描绘出了说话人当时恼羞成怒的样子。
例句(4)中“ordered in delight as Dickon wheeled him up to every corner,every nook and cranny of the garden”,不仅写出了Colin的少爷脾气(ordered),而且动态地呈现了他边说边命令人帮他推轮椅到处看的场面(as引导的从句)。
例句(5)(6)(7)中都运用了现在分词(-ing)作状语表示伴随或原因,描写说话人说话时的伴随动作。
【写作技巧3】花式句型
①She v-ed.(神态、动作描写)+“..”
②“...”she said,as if/as/when/before...(状语从句)
③“...”she said,doing...(现在分词作伴随状语)

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