资源简介

题型一　作图题
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块一.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块一.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 光学作图题
类型1 光现象作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·湖北十堰)在“预防溺水”主题班会课上，主持人小明用光路图来解释“水池变浅”的道理：池底A点射出的光线经过水面折射进入B点的人眼，C点是人眼看到的池底A点像的位置。请你在图中画出入射光线、折射光线，并标出折射角r。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-333.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-333.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
由题意可知，C点是人眼看到的池底A点的像的位置，所以连接BC，BC与液面的交点设为O点，O点为入射点，OB为折射光线，连接AO，即入射光线，过O点作垂直液面的一条虚线，即法线，折射光线OB与法线的夹角即为折射角，标出r。
类型2 透镜作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·贵州毕节)如图所示，凸透镜与凹透镜的一个焦点重合，请根据入射光线，画出相应的出射光线。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-296.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-296.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
过焦点的光，经过凸透镜折射后，折射光线平行于主光轴；平行于主光轴的光，经过凹透镜折射后，折射光线的反向延长线过凹透镜的虚焦点。
类型3 光学综合作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·辽宁本溪、铁岭、辽阳)用一条光线照射凸透镜，折射光线a恰好经过凸透镜另一侧焦点。然后经水平地面上的平面镜反射，在墙壁上形成一个光点A。请在图中画出：(1)a的入射光线；(2)光点A的位置；(3)标出反射角度数。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-299.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-299.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
由凸透镜的三条特殊光线可知，入射光线平行于主光轴，折射光线过焦点，作出光线a的入射光线，光线a射到平面镜上发生反射，由图可知，入射角为90°－30°＝60°。根据光的反射定律可知，反射角也为60°。故过光线a与平面镜的交点作法线(用虚线)，然后画出反射光线，反射光线与法线的夹角为60°，反射光线与墙壁交于A点。
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块二.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块二.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 力学作图题
类型1 作力的示意图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例4.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·四川凉山)在水平向右匀速行驶的火车车厢顶端用细线悬挂一小球，车厢水平地板上放置物块A。在某时刻，发现小球向右摆动，如图所示，请画出此时物块A受力的示意图。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL4.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
匀速向右运动的火车上悬挂的小球，在某一时刻，小球向右摆动，说明此时火车突然减速，那么车厢水平地板上的物块A相对于车厢有向右运动的趋势，所以在水平方向上受到地板向左的摩擦力，在竖直方向上受到重力和支持力，这两个力是一对平衡力，大小相等，方向相反。三个力的作用点都在A的重心上。
类型2 简单机械作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例5.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例5.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·湖北江汉油田、仙桃、潜江、天门)如图是指甲剪的示意图。请在图中画出杠杆ABO以O点为支点时动力F1的力臂l1和阻力F2。(忽略摩擦，保留作图痕迹)
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-511.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-511.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
过O点作F1的垂线，即为动力F1的力臂l1；阻力F2垂直于支持面向上，F2＞F1。
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块三.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块三.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 电(磁)学作图题
类型1 电学作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例6.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例6.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·四川自贡)如图是测量小灯泡电阻阻值的实物电路图，其中有一根导线连接错误，请你在错误的导线上画“×”，并用笔画线代替导线画出正确的连接方式。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-615.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-615.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
测量小灯泡电阻阻值的实验中，除电压表外其余电路元件串联，电压表并联在小灯泡两端。滑动变阻器采用“一上一下”接入电路。由图可知，电压表测的是电源电压，所以滑动变阻器的D接线柱与电压表正接线柱相连的导线错误，从滑动变阻器B(或小灯泡右端)接线柱引线到电压表正接线柱即可。
类型2 电与磁作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"例7.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2022·辽宁本溪、铁岭、辽阳)通电螺线管左侧放一条形磁体，闭合开关后，小磁针静止在如图所示的位置。请标出：(1)电源右侧的极性(用“＋”或“－”表示)；(2)a点磁感线方向；(3)小磁针静止时右端的磁极(用“N”或“S”表示)。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL7.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【点拨】
根据通电螺线管和条形磁体之间的磁感线可判断，通电螺线管的左端与条形磁体的右端是同名磁极，都是S极，根据安培定则可判断，电源的左侧为正极，右侧为负极；磁体周围的磁感线是从磁体N极出来，回到磁体的S极，所以a点的磁感线方向指向条形磁体的S极；根据异名磁极相互吸引的规律可知，小磁针静止时左端为S极，右端为N极。
INCLUDEPICTURE"类型突破.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "类型突破.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块一.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块一.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 光学作图题
类型1 光现象作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1　光的反射作图
1．(2022·海南)请在图中画出入射光线相应的反射光线。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-267.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-267.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
2．(2022·湖北孝感、黄冈、咸宁)有时，黑板反射的光会“晃”着一些同学的眼睛。如图所示，A点表示被“晃”人的眼睛，OA是发生这种现象时的一条反射光线。请在图中作出OA的入射光线。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-62.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-62.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 2　光的折射作图
3．(2022·湖南郴州)请画出图中光线斜射入透明液体中的折射光线，并保留作图痕迹。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-214.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-214.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
4．(2021·淄博)“珍爱生命，注意安全”是我们应具备的安全意识。由于光的折射，池水看起来比实际的浅，夏季要特别注意防范溺水事故。用A、A′分别表示池底和看到的“池底”，请在图中画出人眼看到的池底的光路图。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL11.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 3　平面镜作图
5．(2019·泰安)如图所示，从光源S点发出的一条光线射向平面镜，经平面镜反射后射向墙上的O点处。请作出这条入射光线并完成光路图。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL12.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
6．(2022·河南)如图是某戏曲演员在平面镜前化妆的情景。请在图中画出演员头饰中弧线AB段在平面镜中的像，并画出演员通过平面镜看见头饰上A点的光路图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-66.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-66.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 4　光的反射、折射综合作图
7．(2020·潍坊)如图所示，在清水池底水平放置一平面镜，一束光射向水面的A点，经水折射和平面镜一次反射后射向水面的B点，请作出该过程的光路图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLTX-14.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLTX-14.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
8．(2022·湖南怀化)如图所示，请在图中画出光线AO从空气斜射向水中时反射光线和折射光线的大致位置。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL14.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL14.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
类型2 透镜作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1　凸透镜作图
9．(2022·湖北恩施)请在图中完成光路图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL15.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL15.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
10．(2022·四川广安)根据入射光线和折射光线，在图中的虚线框内画出适当类型的透镜。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-297.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-297.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 2　凹透镜作图
11．(2022·贵州黔东南)如图所示，请分别画出AB的入射光线和CO的折射光线。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-332.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-332.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
类型3 光学综合作图
12．(2022·湖南常德)图中的光线经过平面镜反射后水平射向竖直放置的凸透镜，请画出平面镜的入射光线和凸透镜的折射光线。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-312.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-312.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块二.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块二.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 力学作图题
类型1 作力的示意图
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1　画指定力的示意图
13．(2022·湖南岳阳)请画出地面对小球的支持力F的示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-71.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-71.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
14．(2022·江苏泰州)如图，请作出斜面上小球所受重力G和它对斜面压力F的示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-382.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-382.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
15．(2022·广西百色)如图所示，小球悬浮在水中，作出小球受到的重力与浮力的示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL21.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL21.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 2　受力分析作图
16．(2022·福建)如图，书静止在水平桌面上，画出书的受力示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-555.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-555.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
17．(2022·四川南充)如图所示，物块A在水平传送带上，与传送带一起以速度v向右匀速运动，请画出物块A的受力示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-386.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-386.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
18．(2022·江苏扬州)如图所示，用一根细绳拴着一个沙袋，甩动起来，请画出此时沙袋的受力示意图(不考虑空气对沙袋的作用)。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-79.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-79.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
类型2 简单机械作图
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1　杠杆作图
19．(2022·新疆)请在图中画出木棒此时所受重力的示意图以及重力的力臂(O点为转轴，O′点为木棒的重心)。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL25.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL25.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
20．(2022·江苏苏州)在图中画出杠杆的阻力臂l，并在A点画出使杠杆静止在图示位置的最小力F。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL26.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL26.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"考法.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "考法.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 2　滑轮(组)作图
21．(2020·威海)如图所示，用滑轮组提升物体，已知滑轮的质量均为2 kg，物体重100 N，绳子能承受的最大拉力为50 N，请画出绳子的正确绕法，并在绳的末端标出力的方向。(不考虑绳重及摩擦，g取10 N/kg)
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLL-234.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLL-234.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
22．(2023·改编)利用如图所示的滑轮组拉着重为10 N的物体A沿水平方向做匀速直线运动。请画出滑轮组最省力的绕线情况，并画出A对地面压力的示意图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLTX-66A.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLTX-66A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
INCLUDEPICTURE"模块三.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "模块三.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 电(磁)学作图题
类型1 电学作图
23．(2022·四川达州)某船上装有平衡警示电路，其中S为重力开关，金属片M可绕O点自由转动。当船水平时，M在a、b中间；当船左倾到一定程度时，绿灯亮、电铃响；当船右倾到一定程度时，红灯亮、电铃响。请完成电路图。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-616.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-616.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
24．(2022·甘肃)如图所示，只闭合开关S1，风扇M工作；只闭合开关S2，灯泡和风扇M都不工作；同时闭合开关S1、S2，灯泡和风扇M都工作。请把电路连接完整。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-89.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-89.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
25．(2022·四川眉山)请你将某劳动实践基地室内的部分电路连接完整。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL31.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL31.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
26．(2022·内蒙古赤峰)根据如图实物电路，画出对应的电路图。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-86.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-86.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
类型2 电与磁作图
27．(2022·江苏泰州)如图，请根据磁感线的方向，标出静止小磁针的N极和电源的正极。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL34.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL34.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
28．(2022·四川凉山)如图所示，根据磁体及周围磁场分布情况，在图中标出通电螺线管的N极及电源的正极。
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-788.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-788.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
29．(2021·济宁)如图所示，请用笔画线代替导线将实物图补充完整。要求：①小磁针的指向满足如图所示方向；②滑动变阻器的滑片向右端滑动，通电螺线管的磁性减弱。
eq \a\vs4\al(INCLUDEPICTURE"22QGWL1022.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "22QGWL1022.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT )
参考答案
题型讲解
例1　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-333DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-333DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例2　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-296DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-296DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例3　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-299DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-299DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例4　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL4DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL4DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例5　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-511DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-511DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例6　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-615DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-615DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
例7　如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL7DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL7DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
题型训练
1．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-267DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-267DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
2．如图所示
3．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-214DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-214DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
4．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL11DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL11DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
5．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL12DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL12DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
6．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-66DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-66DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
7．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLTX-15.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLTX-15.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
8．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL14DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL14DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
9．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL15DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL15DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
10．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-297DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-297DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
11．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-332DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-332DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　
12．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-312DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-312DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
13．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-71DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-71DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
14．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-382DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-382DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
15．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL21DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL21DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
16．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-555DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-555DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
17．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-386DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-386DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
18．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-79DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-79DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
19．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL25DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL25DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
20．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL26DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL26DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
21．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLL-235.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLL-235.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
22．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"2054WLTX-66B.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "2054WLTX-66B.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
23．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-616DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-616DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
24．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-89DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-89DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
25．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL31DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL31DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
26．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-86DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-86DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
27．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23XKCQWL34DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23XKCQWL34DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
28．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"23全国WLY-788DA.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "23全国WLY-788DA.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
29．如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE"CRZH30.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "CRZH30.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT

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