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专题二　阅读七选五
阅读七选五题型主要考查考生对语篇的整体内容和结构以及上下文行文逻辑的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式是一篇300词左右的短文，在短文中去除5处信息，并提供7个备选选项，要求考生从7个选项中选出5个合适的选项对应地填回原文5处空缺处。
年份 卷别 体裁 话题 设空位置
段首 段中 段尾 小标题
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 自我宽恕 0 4 1 0
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 有关开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 0
全国甲卷 说明文 有关变得耐心的方法 0 3 1 1
全国乙卷 说明文 室内植物 0 3 2 0
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 一起锻炼的伙伴 0 4 1 0
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 写文章的技巧 1 4 0 0
全国甲卷 说明文 外出就餐 1 3 1 0
全国乙卷 应用文 维系异地友谊的方法 2 1 1 1
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 法国人对待生活的态度 1 4 0 0
全国甲卷 说明文 衣物交换 1 4 0 0
全国乙卷 说明文 晚宴 2 2 1 0
命题特点和趋势
体裁题材 语篇体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文。题材多是贴近考生生活、时代性强的当代社会生活以及文化科技等方面的内容。
语篇特点 语篇趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但大都结构清晰，基本都是总—分结构。
设空特点及趋势 根据设空位置，阅读七选五的选项主要有三种情况：段首、段中和段尾。根据设空句在语篇中的功能可分为：主旨概括句、过渡句、注释句。
能力要求 该题型主要考查考生的两大能力：1．把握整篇整体结构和提炼语篇主旨大意的能力；2．把握微观信息之间关联性及逻辑性的能力。
解题步骤:
速读全文掌握大意→根据设空位置找出与前后文之间的词汇方面的联系→思考与前后文行文逻辑关系→分析选项特征判断其归位。
第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小选项排查范围。
因为段首、段尾题要么是主题句或者总结句，要么就是承上启下句，语言特征较为鲜明，且题目相对简单，较易判定。做题时，先将这类题目的选项确定，既可缩小排查范围，又可使原文信息更加明了。
第二步：利用句间语义逻辑关系，排查判定剩余选项。
随着段首、段尾题的判定复位，原文信息进一步明了。再次通读原文，理清剩余空格处与前后句间的关系，将剩余选项判定归位。
第三步：代入选项通读全文，验证是否文意通畅。
将所选答案代入文中，通读全文，重点检查选项与前后文之间的逻辑关系，看是否符合原文整体行文逻辑。
(2023●新高考全国I卷)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them．To err(犯错) is human． 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this．
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths”． 37 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of．
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness”．On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others．It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day． 38
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list． 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time．
It's something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes．The thing is, it's true． 40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow．
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way．
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it．
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down．
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．
【解题导引】
第一步：速读全文，了解大意，掌握结构：
本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长；
第二步：根据题目设空位置，结合上下文语境，理清逻辑关系：段中类题目一般既要关注上文又要兼顾下文的逻辑关系。段尾题多关注总结概括。
36．段中题。根据前文“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them．To err (犯错) is human．(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合后文“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this．(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该和“不要太自责”相似。选项“It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
37．段中题。根据前文“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ‘Personal strengths’．(在日记或纸上写上‘个人优点’。)”以及后文“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of．(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者吗？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。
38．段尾题。根据上文“At the top of a second page, put the heading ‘Acts of kindness’．On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others．It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day．(在第二页的顶部，写上‘善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down．(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”对上文进行总结概括，你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
39．段中题。根据后文“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，其中They与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list．(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时该选项和下文“In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time．(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的this一致。故选C。
40．段中题。根据前文“It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes．The thing is, it's true．(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，其中“isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和后文“We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow．(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
第1讲　根据设题位置解题
考点1段首题类
辨 明 题 类
段首题类主要考查两种情况：1．考查段落主旨句。2．考查与上下文的逻辑关系，为过渡句或承上启下句。此种类型主要考查考生对语篇或段落大意的整体概括能力。
技 法 点 拨
1．主旨句
在文章某段落的段首设空的题目常为该段落的主题句或主旨概括句，通常以主题句的形式出现。选取时注意主题句的特点：简短精悍，以祈使句为主。
解题时首先要认真阅读并把握该段落的主要内容，尤其是设空处后面几句的内容，以确定关键信息，然后从各选项中查找与文中关键信息相关的词句，以确定答案。一般来说，答案选项与设空处后面的一句在内容上是连贯的，意义上是紧密衔接符合逻辑的。
真 题 体 验
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
· 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth．I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people．They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability．
B．Make career plans and set goals．
C．Don't throw away your beginner art．
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so．
【解题示范】　段首题。根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth．I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people．They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability．(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品，所以选项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so．(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品。)”符合文意，是本段的主旨句。故选D。
技 法 点 拨
2．承上启下句
段首题类有时与上一段尾句关系紧密，同时引出下文，起到承上启下的作用。此时解题既要熟悉上一段的内容，又需要结合下文内容。所以此时必须要做到瞻前顾后，利用上一段尾句和空后第一、二句确定相关信息词，在选项中查找与之相关的内容，并把握上下文行文逻辑，分析哪个选项能够将前后两段内容连贯起来。
真 题 体 验
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
Emoji can help communication feel friendlier，and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile．
40 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome．And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture．
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange．
E．Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
【解题示范】　段首题。根据上段中“Emoji can help communication feel friendlier(表情符号有助于使交流让人觉得更友好)”和后句“and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome(并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表达友好的表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选项“Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace(研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。考点2　段中题类
辨 明 题 类
段中题类一般为主题句的展开句。一篇文章的各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有顺承、并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。此种类型要注意分析前后内容的连贯性和逻辑性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。具体解题技巧将在第3讲中详细展开。
段中题类的考查主要有三种情况：1．承接上文；2．引起下文；3．承上启下。
技 法 点 拨
1．先看空前句，再看空后句，标记关键信息词；
2．阅读各个选项，标记关键词；
3．利用词语复现(同源词、同义、近义或反义词复现)比较匹配关键词，确定答案；
4．利用表示顺承、并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系的关联词分析前后内容的连贯性和逻辑性，确定答案。
真 题 体 验
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect． 38 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper．Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway．
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time．
F．Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise．
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space．
【解题示范】　段中题。空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect．(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper．(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time．(太多的作者试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此该选项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。考点3　段尾题类
辨 明 题 类
段尾句通常是结论性、概括性语句，但也有可能是段落间的过渡句。一般而言，当段尾句是段落间的过渡句时，该段尾句通常出现在短文的第一段。
如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词，如so，therefore，as a result，in short，in a word，all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
技 法 点 拨
1．利用主题句或总结句确定答案
主题句或总结句通常是结论性、概括性的语句。分析与前文是转折还是对比关系，在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系，表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词有：therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等，选项中也可能发现前文的同义词或句。
真 题 体 验
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
·Paint often and paint from life．There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles．Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible． 37
E．You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times．
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role．
G．You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition．
【解题示范】　段尾题。根据前文“Paint often and paint from life．There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles．Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible．(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制。)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以选项“You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition．(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆。)”是对前文的总结。故选G。
技 法 点 拨
2．利用段落过渡句确定答案
段落过渡句有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。会用一些信息词(如转折词)引出来，正确答案中应有这样的信息词。若所选答案是引出下一段的内容，在选项中可能找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的内容紧密连接起来。
真 题 体 验
(2021·浙江高考)
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum．Or Africa's Victoria Falls．Or China's Great Wall． 31
“I often send postcards to family and friends．” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it．．．(And that's totally fine．)” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online．Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch (直觉) paid off．
E．On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million．
F．Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away．
G．In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away．
【解题示范】　段尾题。上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum．Or Africa's Victoria Falls．Or China's Great Wall．( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图片。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城。)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“．．．and you realize that not everyone is into it”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项 “In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away．(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋。)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G。
技 法 点 拨
3．利用补充信息句确定答案
段尾题类还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
真 题 体 验
(2021·全国乙卷)
What about that person who had too much to drink or won't stop talking If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台)．If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation． 39 ．
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
【解题示范】　段尾题。根据上文“If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台)．If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation．(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景。)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，选项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E。考点4　小标题类
辨 明 题 类
七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个“总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系，对于标题类设空的解答大有帮助。小标题题目较为明显，多为名词性短语或祈使句，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。
技 法 点 拨
一般而言，小标题比较精简，常以短语或简短的句子来呈现。考生可以根据这一特征快速浏览七个备选项，并有效缩小选择范围。小标题往往是该段的中心思想，因此，考生应认真阅读该段内容，了解段落大意，把握段落主题，根据段落主题一致性原则，排除过于宽泛、以偏概全、偏离主题的干扰项，从而最终确定正确选项。
真 题 体 验
(2023·全国甲卷)
● 39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances．You should learn to say to yourself, “ 40 ．” You'll then gradually become more patient．
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
【解题示范】　小标题。根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances．(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，其中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故选C。第2讲　根据词汇复现解题
考点1原词复现题
辨 明 题 类
复现是保证文章行文中前后衔接而经常使用的一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思、描述同一个概念的词汇在文章的上下文不同位置重复出现。
根据行文需要，文章中经常在后文中用前文中出现过的相同词语来衔接语义，这种现象叫做原词复现。原词复现也可以是同根词。
技 法 点 拨
英语语篇在行文中第一句话的宾语，经常就是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)本身复现的方式来实现，解题时要格外注意有与空格前的句子中相同关键词汇的选项。
真 题 体 验
(2022·全国甲卷)
Making Requests
39 ．In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills．Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food．
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【解题示范】　段首题。根据小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills．Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food．(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。)”可知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，选项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合语境，其中“request”是关键词，属于原词复现，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。考点2　同义词或近义词复现题
辨 明 题 类
文章中经常会使用词义相同或相近的词汇来表达同一个意思或概念，或者用来解释前一句话的意思，其根本目的只是避免在文中同一个词汇的重复使用。
技 法 点 拨
1．关注选项中与空格前(有时是空格后)的句子中表达相同意思的同义词、近义词；
2．注意选项与空格前后句子语义上是否通顺合理。
真 题 体 验
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge． 38 ．While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线)．The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort．
There is also the matter of tone(语气)．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ 39 ．Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile．
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
G．An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【解题示范】　38．段中题。根据前句“在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中到共同点可能是一项挑战。”，选项“An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform”给出了解决这个挑战的方法，其中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond”与选项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
39．段中题。根据前句“Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？(谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的恼人的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选项“Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly(即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)”符合语境，其中的cold and unfriendly与前句中的annoying意义相近。故选B。考点3　代词指代题
辨 明 题 类
英语表达中代词的出现率非常高，而代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词，以避免重复；有时也可用代词指代前面一个句子(这两种情况也可以归类为复现)。
技 法 点 拨
解题时注意空格前后或选项中出现的代词，充分利用代词的这种指代关系并根据代词的单复数差异，可以准确而快速地判定选项。常见代词：it，they/them，one(s)，this/that，these/those。
真 题 体 验
(2023·全国甲卷)
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic． 37 ．“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California．
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
【解题示范】　段中题。根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic．(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐、压力更小，甚至更乐观。)”以及后文“‘Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，’ said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California．(加州大学的研究员叶丽说：‘表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。’)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，本句继续说明感恩的好处。选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，其中It指代上文Thankfulness。故选E。第3讲　根据行文逻辑解题
辩 明 题 类
阅读七选五题型，尤其是段中设空题，命题会特别强调设空处前后语义的逻辑性和内容的连贯性以及句子之间的衔接手法。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。
技 法 点 拨
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、解释、因果、例证等关系，甚至有时不止一种关系。因此，做题时要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果没有出现逻辑关系词，考生要全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，然后做出正确的判断。
技法1　利用并列或递进关系解题
并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first of all, for one thing, for another thing, some．．．others．．．, not．．．but．．．, to begin with, to conclude等；常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有also, further, furthermore, even, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, not only．．．but also．．．等。
真 题 体 验
(2023·全国乙卷)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home． 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory．What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
【解题示范】　段中题。根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only．．．but“不仅……而且……”结构。选项“Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
技 法 点 拨
技法2　利用转折或让步关系解题
转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but, however, nevertheless, still, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, by comparison等。
真 题 体 验
(2022·全国甲卷)
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand．People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand． 38 , instead preferring to use their hands．In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers．People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons．
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
【解题示范】　段中题。根据小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand．People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand．(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，选项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
技 法 点 拨
技法3　利用因果关系解题
因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时后一句为前一句的原因)。常见的标志性词语有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such．．．that．．．, so that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to等。
真 题 体 验
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris． 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard．It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway．
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．
【解题示范】　段中题。上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris．(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周。)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard．(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大。)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据选项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians．(我们的目的是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F。
技 法 点 拨
技法4　利用例证关系解题
例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，而其实质是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，所用到的思维过程就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。行文中常见的标志性词语有for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words, that is (to say)等。
真 题 体 验
(2022·全国乙卷)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both． 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat．
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
【解题示范】　段中题。上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both．(确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。)”提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，选项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat．(除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。)”对该选项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。

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