资源简介

专题一　应用文写作
年份 卷别 命题形式 体裁 语境 话题 主题
2023 新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 提纲类 建议信 人与自我 学校生活 将学生随机分组，练习口语
全国甲卷 提纲类 投稿 人与自我 学校生活 用英文讲中国故事
全国乙卷 提纲类 投稿 人与自我 学校生活 学习一项新技能的经历
2022 新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 提纲类 邀请信 人与自我 学校生活 邀请外教做访谈
全国甲卷 提纲类 投稿 人与自然 海洋的重要性 世界海洋日
全国乙卷 提纲类 图表作文 人与自我 学校生活 英语学习
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 提纲类 投稿 人与自我 学校生活 为庆祝英文报创刊十周年投稿
全国甲卷 提纲类 咨询信 人与社会 文化与艺术 介绍中国传统文化
全国乙卷 提纲类 发言稿 人与自我 科学与技术 线上学习的利弊
由上面的表格可得出：
1．近几年高考书面表达中提纲类写作占了该题型的绝大多数；
2．文体多以应用文为主，实用类成为趋势；
3．题材贴近生活，内容灵活多变，开放性加大；
4．命题保持稳定性。书面表达越来越重视创设情境，让考生有更大的自由发挥空间，文体趋于多元化；
5．渗透中国元素，弘扬中华优秀传统文化，突出中华传统价值观。
第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
应用文写作考试题型有很多，这就要求考生在看到题目时一定要仔细审题，读懂题干的要求，明确到底要求你写什么。还要去分析题干中列举了哪几个要点，写作时不能忽略要点，否则就会丢分。近年来书信和电子邮件类应用文已经成为该题的热门考查形式，经常是以提纲形式或要点作文的形式出现。
确定是书信类后，还要明确是什么类型的书信。书信类型主要有：申请信、邀请信、建议信、道歉信、求助信等。
演讲也是应用文写作考试中经常考到的题型。遇到演讲稿或发言稿类型的作文题目，也要注意审题，眀确要求。要明确演讲对象、演讲内容、演讲自我立场，明确演讲的语言特点。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
眀确要求后，接下来就要搭建框架，确定这篇文章的结构。
书信类文章一般除称呼外是三段：(1)写信目的；(2)根据提纲要点扩展主体段落；(3)表明自己的观点或提出自己的期望等。
演讲稿或发言稿一般也可以分为三段：(1)讲述自己的观点或者发言的主题；(2)列出一些 supporting facts来支持该观点，列举事实、分析原因；(3)呼吁、号召、倡议等。
搭建好框架后，要把题干中所列举的要点扩写。为了使内容更加充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展。拓展是对要点进行添枝加叶，补充定语或者状语。近年来有些试题是半开放性命题，这就要求考生通过自己的生活常识或者合理想象填充要点。
第三步　优化语言，检查格式。
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》的评分标准中提到，评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点的全面性、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。根据这个评分标准可知，考生要学会优化语言，让阅卷老师看见你的语言就知道你功底深厚、让其有眼前一亮的感觉。优化语言不外乎从两个方面入手：一是要尽量用高级的词汇，让老师一看就眼睛发亮；二是要在短短的篇章里，把自己学过的比较高级的句型、语法结构用上，而且要用得自然、流畅，不能牵强。如果阅卷老师感觉你的作文纯粹是句型的堆砌，那么你的作文也不容易拿到五档的分数。此外，考生写完后，还要注意检查作文的格式。格式的正确与否，也会影响应用文的得分。
第四步　衔接过渡，润色语篇
根据组织好的要点和语句，用过渡词把句与句、段与段巧妙地连接在一起，使文章结构紧凑且自然，脉络完整且顺畅。同时，恰到好处的修辞不仅可以使语言更鲜活、形象具体、生动逼真，也能大大增强语言的表现力和感染力，引起读者的共鸣和思考，适当运用修辞可以给文章增加亮点、锦上添花。可以运用想象适度发挥，但不可随意乱写，要紧扣要点适当描述。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．说明问题；
2．提出建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80词左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
一、文章框架
首段：提出对分组的看法
中段：分组存在问题的原因
尾段：提出建议
二、遣词造句
(一)推敲词汇
1．首先：to begin with /first of all
2．提高：improve /progress
3．建议：suggestion /advice
4．选择：choose /select
(二)思考句式
1．课后随机对学生分组进行口语训练不是一个好主意。
It's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class.
2．这可能会阻碍学生的进步，因为更优秀的学生可能会主导谈话，给其他学生留下很少的改进空间。
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.
3．如果和一个与他们相处不好或沟通困难的人在一起，学生可能会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。
Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty in communicating with.
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
1．This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation and leave little room for the other students to improve.
→This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.(用现在分词作状语升级句式)
2．Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if they are paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
→Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.(用省略形式升级句式)
3．My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
→My suggestion is that we should group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.(用表语从句升级句式)
第四步　巧妙衔接，完美成篇
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class.The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups.This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty in communicating with.
My suggestion is that we should group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第1讲　评分标准解读
一、应用文评分原则
1．本题总分为15分，分五个档次进行评分。
2．评分时应主要从内容组织、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑。具体为：
(1)对于内容要点的覆盖情况以及表达的清楚程度和合理性。
(2)使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3．评分时，先根据作答的整体情况初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4．评分时还应注意：
(1)词数少于60的，酌情扣分。
(2)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
(3)英美拼写及词汇用法均可接受，书写较差，以致影响交际的将分数降低一个档次。
二、赋分标准
评分标准 专家解读
第五档 完全完成了试题规定的任务。——覆盖所有内容要点。——应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。——语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。 1.“覆盖所有内容要点”就是要求考生在写作时要认真审题，确保要点“全而不漏”。2．“应用较多的词汇”是指词汇使用的多样性，如词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、短语的使用等。
第四档 完成了试题规定的任务。——虽漏掉一、两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。——语法结构或词汇方面的应用基本准确，有些许错误主要是因尝试使用较复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致。——应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档 基本完成了试题规定的任务。——虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。——虽有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。——应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档 未适当完成试题规定的任务。——漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。——语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。——较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 3.“应用较多的语法结构”是指句式结构使用的多样性。毋庸置疑，单调的句式会使文章显得呆板，缺乏生气和活力，而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩、生动、自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。4．“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”是指段与段、句与句之间以明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做到在文意与结构上层次分明、条理清晰、连贯流畅。
第一档 未完成试题规定的任务。——明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。——语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。——较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。——缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。
0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。第2讲　写作技法指导
一、学会运用高级词汇
评分标准第五档中提到，“词汇方面虽有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。高级词汇就像一颗颗耀眼的明珠，为作文增添光彩，从而使考生稳拿高分。
1.标新立异，晚词优先
老师偏爱学得比较晚的单词，新学的单词，可以体现学生具备“学以致用”的意识。如果某个单词既可以用初中的词汇来表达，又可以用高中的词汇来表达，那么要尽量选择用高中的，如：
①adj.美丽的
索然无味低分词：beautiful
吸人眼球高分词：appealing有吸引力的；attractive 吸引人的；charming迷人的；fascinating 迷人的
②adj.困难的
索然无味低分词：difficult
吸人眼球高分词：challenging 有挑战性的
③adj.重要的
索然无味低分词：important
吸人眼球高分词：vital 至关重要的；essential 必不可少的；significant 有重要意义的
2.短语/词块优先
在阅卷老师看来，活用短语能够体现一个考生的语言运用能力。因此，我们可以将某些常见单词转化为短语/词块，如：
①v.参加
索然无味低分词：join
吸人眼球高分词：take part in；participate in
②v.使用
索然无味低分词：use
吸人眼球高分词：make good use of
③v.拜访
索然无味低分词：visit
吸人眼球高分词：pay a visit to
二、学会运用高级句式
高考时，一篇书面表达中的句子如果都采用简单句，肯定不能得高分，精彩句式的合理使用会使文章读起来抑扬顿挫。因此应多使用一些高级句式和复合句，让句子“高人一筹”，亮点纷呈，彰显考生的写作能力。
1.精彩的复合句
(1)增加亮点的定语从句
For example, there are huge amounts of reference books.I am often confused to choose from them.
→For example, there are huge amounts of reference books from which I am often confused to choose.
(2)吸引眼球的状语从句
①Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture(原因状语从句), I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
②If you're interested in the Chinese folk art(条件状语从句)，please e-mail me.
(3)提升档次的名词性从句
①It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in the national middle school volleyball match(主语从句)．
②I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you(宾语从句)．
③That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice(表语从句)．
2.亮眼的倒装句
So diligent are you that I'm more than delighted to teach you.
3.新颖的强调句和省略句
(1)It is the spirit that the story conveys that really matters.
(2)As scheduled，an art exhibition will be held next Sunday in the local museum.
4.传神的被动结构
Your timely help will be very much appreciated by me.
5.言简意赅的非谓语动词结构
To get admitted，I have made good preparations，trying to know as much as I could about my city.
6.委婉的虚拟语气
Without your kindness and generosity，I would not have enjoyed myself so much when visiting England.
三、自然的顺承衔接
连接(过渡)性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。过渡词语就像纽带一样把文章紧密地连接起来，更像润滑剂，使文章衔接流畅。
1.表示起始关系的过渡性词语
above all, first of all, to begin with, according to, as you know/as is known, as is shown..., when it comes to等。
(1)First of all, I think it important to make more friends abroad.
(2)As is shown in the picture, a tree is knocked down by the strong wind, while the grass stays as it is.
2.表示时间顺序的过渡性词语
first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), then, later, in the end, finally, at last, after that, afterwards, since then, meanwhile等。
(1)Secondly, we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions.
(2)Meanwhile, we all enjoyed the beauty of nature.
(3)I had a bad cold last week.First, I had a running nose, but I did not take it seriously.Then I began to cough.
(4)After that, I had a fever and felt weak.Finally, I was sent to hospital and had to lie in bed for three days.
3.表示并列关系的过渡性词语
and, or, also, as well as, neither...nor..., not only...but also..., either...or..., not...but...等。
(1)Work hard, and you will be admitted to a key university.
(2)Swimming not only benefits our health, but also helps us have a strong will.
4.表示转折/对比关系的过渡性词语
but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary等。
(1)However, not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser.
(2)On the contrary, smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
5.表示因果关系的过渡性词语
because, as, since, for, thanks to, due to, as a result of, so, therefore, as a result/consequence等。
(1)Thanks to the doctor's timely treatment, he was saved.
(2)Therefore, I suggest we should be given more time for sports and sleep.
6.表示条件关系的过渡性词语
if, unless, in case (of), as/so long as, on condition that等。
(1)I would be very grateful if you can meet him at the airport.
(2)As long as you don't lose heart, you're sure to succeed.
7.表示递进关系的过渡性词语
besides, in addition, what's more, furthermore, moreover, what's worse, still less(更不用说), to make matters worse, worse still, on (the) one hand..., on the other (hand)．.., for one thing...for another...等。
(1)In addition, we shouldn't neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
(2)On the other hand, online shopping also has many disadvantages.
8.表示列举事实的过渡性词语
such as, for example/instance, take...for example, that is to say, as follows, in other words等。
(1)Take Beijing for example, it is one of the oldest cities in the world.
(2)That is to say, if you want to succeed, you have to believe in yourself.
9.表示观点的过渡性词语
in my opinion, in my view, in my point of view, as far as I am concerned, as for me, personally (speaking), I think...等。
In my opinion, people shall not smoke in public places.
10.表示总结的过渡性词语
in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general, generally speaking等。
(1)In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
(2)All in all, travelling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.第3讲　体裁分类探究
第1节　邀请信、申请信、咨询信、推荐信
辨明题类
邀请信
邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．Knowing that you are warm-hearted and very enthusiastic about sports, I'm writing to invite you to join me in the volunteer work.
我知道你很热心，对运动有极大的热情，所以我写信邀请你和我一起去做志愿者工作。
2．Since you have a passion for the traditional Chinese culture, it's a great pleasure for me to invite you to participate in an activity themed Beijing Opera in our school.
因为你对中国传统文化情有独钟，所以我很高兴邀请你参加我们学校举办的京剧主题活动。
3．Here are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.
这是这次活动的一些细节。/这次活动的细节如下。
4．I hold the firm belief that it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.
我坚信这是一次表演你最喜欢的音乐的好机会。
5．I would feel honored if you could come./An early reply is appreciated.
如果你能来，我倍感荣幸。/如能早日回复，我将不胜感激。
申请信
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．Learning from the Internet that you're looking for volunteers, I'm writing to apply for the job.
从网上得知，你们正在招募志愿者，我写信申请这份工作。
2．I have strong written and verbal communication skills.
我有较强的书面表达能力和交流技巧。
3．I have a good knowledge of English, enabling me to communicate with foreigners well.
我精通英语，这使我能够很好地与外国人交流。
4．I'm easy-going and have strong team spirit, which helps me to get along well with others.
我性格随和，有很强的团队精神，这有助于我与他人友好相处。
5．Given the precious chance, I hold the firm belief that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.
如果能够得到这个宝贵的机会，我坚信我可以完美地达到您的期望。
咨询信
咨询信，又称询问信，是写信人对不理解、不熟悉的事情或对某方面的信息感兴趣，希望了解详细信息的信件。具体写作架构为：
靓点句式
1．I'm more than delighted to join in a poetry recitation competition to be held in our school.But I feel puzzled about how to make a good preparation for it.So I'm writing to consult you about something relevant to it.
我非常高兴参加将在我们学校举行的诗歌朗诵比赛。但如何做好准备，我感到困惑。所以我写信是想咨询您一些与之相关的事情。
2．I'd be grateful if you could let me know if there are any special requirements for the course in advance.
如果您能提前告知我这门课程有什么特殊要求，我将不胜感激。
3．If there is anything else that needs special attention, please inform me at your convenience.
如果还有其他需要特别注意的事情，请在方便的时候通知我。
4．I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
我期待着尽快收到您的来信。
5．I'd appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
如果您能在方便的时候尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
推荐信
从推荐对象的情况来分，推荐信可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I'm glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry, and I'd like to recommend a book to you.
我很高兴得知你正在学习中国古典诗歌，因此我想向你推荐一本书。
2．I am writing on behalf of my friend, Li Hua, who I think would be an excellent choice for the position of chairman of the Students' Union.
我是代表我的朋友李华写这封信的，我认为他是学生会主席职位的绝佳人选。
3．First of all, he, who is among the most diligent students in our school, not only studies hard, but also behaves well.
首先，他是我们学校最勤奋的学生之一，不仅学习刻苦，而且表现良好。
4．So I hold the firm belief that he is quite suitable for the position.
所以我坚信他很适合这个职位。
5．Therefore, I here recommend him to you with all my heart and I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.
因此，我在此衷心地向您推荐他，并期待尽早收到您的回信。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2022·新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1．节目介绍；
2．访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是校广播站“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
1．书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出，可分三段来写：
首段：自我介绍，说明目的：负责学校广播站英语节目邀请外教做一次访谈
中间段：节目介绍与访谈信息：①节目的宗旨；②访谈的时间与话题(约定时间，告知访谈的话题)；③访谈的意义：提高学生学习英语的兴趣，开拓学生的视野
最后一段：再次诚挚邀请：衷心希望外教接受邀请
2．注意事项：
①写作类型：邀请信
②人称：发出邀请时用第一人称，介绍访谈信息时用第三人称
③时态：发出邀请、介绍节目时用一般现在时，介绍访谈信息时用一般将来时
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲，初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇与句式，写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【优秀作文赏析】
Dear Caroline，
Being in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” run by our school broadcast station, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show.
The program, meant to promote the interest of the students in English learning and broaden their horizons, is widely popular among us students.The interview will be held at 9 this coming Sunday morning, lasting about an hour.Your talk show can cover anything related to English, or what school life is like in your country.
I sincerely hope you can accept my invitation.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较高级词汇，如in charge of，privilege，promote the interest of，broaden horizons等以及高级句式，如多处使用非谓语动词Being in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” run by our school broadcast station，meant to promote the interest of the students in English learning and broaden their horizons，lasting about an hour和宾语从句what school life is like in your country等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第2节　道歉信、求助信、建议信、感谢信
辨明题类
道歉信
道歉信通常是在因自己的过失或疏忽给别人带来了麻烦或损失并在发觉的情况下，为了向对方表示歉意而写的信件。
具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I'm writing to make an apology to you because I cannot make it to see you off at the airport this Saturday as scheduled.
我写这封信的目的是向您道歉，因为我本周六不能如期到机场给您送行。
2．I really want to accept your invitation but I'm sorry to tell you that I can't because I am occupied preparing a performance for the coming National Day.
我非常想接受您的邀请，但我很遗憾地告诉您，我不能参加，因为我忙于为即将到来的国庆节准备演出。
3．The reason why I can't get away is that I have to help make preparations for the English Speaking Contest to be held this weekend.
我不能离开的原因是我要帮助准备本周末举行的英语演讲比赛。
4．Sorry again for any inconvenience caused by my absence.
对于我的缺席给您带来的不便，我再次表示歉意。
5．I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation.
我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。
求助信
写英文求助信的原因是目前自己遇到了一些困难，需要请求对方帮助，因此整篇文章应用一般现在时表达文意。当描述自己得到帮助后的进步时应用一般将来时。
具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I have some difficulty in learning English grammar, which bothers me a lot.So I have no choice but to turn to you for help.
我在学英语语法方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。
2．An English Poetry Reading Contest will be held next weekend in our school.I am eager to have a try, so I'm writing to turn to you for help.
下周末我们学校将举行一场英语诗歌朗诵比赛。我渴望尝试一下，所以我写信向你寻求帮助。
3．Besides, what I need are the skills of recitation, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance.
此外，我需要的是朗诵技巧，包括发音和语调，这将使我的表现更完美。
4．I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.
如果您能帮我一个忙，抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历，我将不胜感激。
5．I'm eager for your timely help./I'm eager to get your timely help.
我渴望得到你的及时帮助。
建议信
建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议或忠告。建议信要写得简明扼要，目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least等依次陈述建议。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I know you have trouble in making friends after reading your letter.I am writing to give you some suggestions/ offer you some advice.
读了你的信之后，我知道你在交友方面有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/忠告。
2．I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese.
很高兴收到你的来信，你在信中询问我如何学习汉语。
3．The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.
下面是我的一些建议。/我的建议如下。
4．In my opinion/As far as I'm concerned/Personally, it would be wise to take the following action.
在我看来/就我而言，采取如下行动是明智的。
5．I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.
我希望你觉得这些建议对你有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。
感谢信
感谢信是用于致谢他人的馈赠、款待、帮助以及对慰问信和祝贺信的回复。信件不适宜过长，只需写明感谢他人的理由，信文要感情真挚，措辞得体。
感谢信一般分为三个部分：
靓点句式
1．I'm so grateful to you for your encouragement and I'm writing to tell you that I have made great progress in maths.
我写信是想要感谢你的鼓励，并告诉你，我在数学方面已取得了巨大进步。
2．I am writing to convey my gratitude for your kind help and care during my stay in Denmark, without which I wouldn't have enjoyed it so much.
我写信是要感谢你对我在丹麦期间的帮助与关心，没有你的帮助和关心，我不会玩得那么开心。
3．Without your guidance, I couldn't have won the first prize in the competition.
没有你的指导，我不可能在比赛中获得第一名。
4．Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, and we will remember them forever.
没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远将其牢记在心。
5．Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! /Thanks again for your kind help.
我再次对你表示衷心的感谢！/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：
1．剧情简介；
2．指导内容；
3．商定时间地点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．结束语已为你写好。
Yours truly，
Li Hua
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，请求外教 Miss Evans对于The Steamboat改编短剧的支持。主要内容包括：①剧情简介；②指导内容；③商定时间地点。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
根据提示，时态应为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。采用总分总结构：
第一段：说明写这封邮件的目的
第二段：详细说明英语戏剧的剧情介绍和指导内容细节问题
第三段：表达感谢，并期待早日得到回复。
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
重点词(组)：write to, according to, combine, adaption, challenge, attached to, convenient。连词成句，根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。连句成篇(衔接词)，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。润色修改。
【优秀作文赏析】
Dear Miss Evans，
How is everything going I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook.
We'd like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short English play.The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see a steamboat that is going to sink.We saved a scared boy.However, the adaption is quite a challenge.Having written the English script, we don't want anything inappropriate to spoil the play.So would you please spare some time to review the draft script attached to this email and make necessary changes？If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details
Given your busy schedule, I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice.Looking forward to your early reply.
Best regards!
Yours truly，
Li Hua
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details？这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第3节　告知信、祝贺信、倡议书、征文投稿类
辨明题类
告知信
告知信分为两类：一是告知某人有某事将要发生；二是回复某人关于某事的询问。
具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I'm writing to inform you that an English speech contest will be held in the school lecture hall next Friday.
我写信是通知你下周五在学校报告厅将举行一场英语演讲比赛。
2．Here is a piece of good news! /I have a piece of good news to tell you!
这里有一条好消息！/我有一条好消息要告诉你！
3．Please remember to read the attached file and make sure you know about the new class arrangement in advance.
请记得阅读附件，并确保您提前知道新的上课安排。
4．Hopefully, our efforts will pay off in the end.
希望我们的努力最终会有回报。
5．If you want to know anything else, please don't hesitate to contact me.
如果你还想知道什么，请毫不犹豫地与我联系。
祝贺信
祝贺信是向对方表示祝贺的信件，一般用于对方有什么喜事或取得了什么成绩，以及节日寿宴等。祝贺信是人们情感交流的一种方式，写祝贺信可以使亲戚、朋友、同事之间加强联系，增进了解，彼此关心。具体写作架构为：
靓点句式
1．I am writing to offer my sincerest congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Composition Competition.
得知你获得汉语桥中文作文比赛一等奖，我写信向你表示最衷心的祝贺。
2．Congratulations on your winning the prize in the photo taking competition with the title of Charming School which was held last week.
祝贺你在上周举行的“魅力学校”摄影比赛中获奖。
3．I know you have worked very hard in the past years, so I'm not a bit surprised at your remarkable achievement.
我知道你在过去几年里工作很努力，所以我对你的非凡成就一点也不感到惊讶。
4．It's the great efforts which you have made that result in this excellent achievement.The prize is a reward you deserve.
正是你所付出的巨大努力才使你取得了这一卓越的成就。你受到奖励是当之无愧的。
5．Congratulations to you again from the bottom of my heart!
再次向你表示衷心的祝贺！
倡议书
倡议书属于应用文的一种，是为倡议或是发起某项活动而写的号召性的公开提议性的专用文体。倡议书一般由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I am writing to call on everyone to move against wasting food and take an active part in saving food.
我写信呼吁大家反对浪费食物，积极参与节约食物。
2．To meet the challenges of the senior year, it's high time that we took action to say no to the unhealthy lifestyle.
为了迎接高中的挑战，现在是我们采取行动拒绝不健康生活方式的时候了。
3．We are supposed to go to bed early and get up early and take meals regularly and slowly enough.
我们应该早睡早起，定时进餐，细嚼慢咽。
4．Let's join our hands and take action immediately.
让我们携起手来，立即采取行动。
5．As far as I'm concerned, everyone should obey the rules, which will enable us to enjoy the convenience of public facilities.
就我而言，每个人都应该遵守规则，这将使我们能够享受公共设施的便利。
征文投稿类
征文投稿类文章一般都是就某个特定主题进行论述和描写，以议论文和记叙文为多，其结构通常如下：
靓点句式
1．Moreover, as is known to all, setting too much time aside just for watching TV is a waste of time.
而且，众所周知，只为看电视而留出太多时间是浪费时间。
2．To change the habit, I am supposed to put more emphasis on something more meaningful such as reading and taking exercise, which are not only beneficial to my mental and physical health but also can help me get rid of my bad habit.
为了改变这个习惯，我应该把更多的精力放在一些更有意义的事情上，比如读书和锻炼，这些不仅有利于我的身心健康，而且可以帮助我改掉坏习惯。
3．At present our city is carrying out a campaign, the content of which is that anyone who is riding an electric bike must wear a helmet.
目前我市正在开展一项活动，活动内容是骑电动自行车的人必须戴头盔。
4．The purpose of the campaign is to mitigate the consequence of such a traffic accident and reduce the death rate in an accident.
这项运动的目的是减轻这类交通事故的后果，降低事故中的死亡率。
5．My appeal is that all our students riding electric bikes should wear helmets for the safety of themselves and other people.
我的呼吁是，为了自己和他人的安全，我们所有骑电动自行车的学生都应该戴头盔。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2022·全国甲卷改编)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：
1．写作词数80左右；
2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Ocean Day.
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本文是一篇应用文。就世界海洋日为主题用英文征文比赛投稿，阐述海洋的重要性并提出一些建议。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
1．可分三段来写：
第一段：接着给出的短文题目和首句引入话题，表明主题
第二段：阐述海洋的重要性
第三段：发出保护海洋的倡议并提出具体举措
2．注意事项：
①写作类型：投稿
②人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主
③时态：介绍海洋的重要性用一般现在时，表达期待用一般将来时
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
语言应严谨、真挚、有感染力，能够充分说明海洋的重要性，并让人意识到保护海洋的紧迫性。
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲，初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇与句式，写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【优秀作文赏析】
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Ocean Day.It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans.
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world.Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.Additionally, oceans are “the lungs of our planet”， providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
As high school students, it's our responsibility to protect them.First of all, do what we can to make a difference.For example, stop throwing garbage into oceans.In addition, call on people around us to take action, too.I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较高级词汇，如play a critical role in，abundant，crucial，make a difference，call on等以及高级句式，如倒装句：Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.非谓语动词短语，其中包括一个省略关系词的定语从句：Additionally, oceans are “the lungs of our planet”， providing most of the oxygen we breathe.和两处宾语从句First of all, do what we can to make a difference.与I believe we will have cleaner oceans.等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第4节　通知、演讲稿、新闻报道、个人观点类
辨明题类
通知
通知(notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等时使用的一种应用文体，通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。
具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please I have an announcement to make.
女士们、先生们，请大家注意一下，我要宣布一件事。
2．Attention, please.I have something important to tell you.
请注意。我有重要的事情要告诉你们。
3．We regret to inform you that we have to put off the sports meeting scheduled for this Friday for foreign students.
我们很遗憾地通知你，我们不得不推迟原定于本周五举行的外国学生运动会。
4．Please attend it on time and don't be late.
请按时参加，不要迟到。
5．Everyone is welcome to take part in it.
欢迎所有人参加。
演讲稿
演讲稿是演讲者在一定的场合，面对特定的对象，为了达到某种目的而采取的表达自己观点的文字，是高考中较为常见的应用文。
具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．I am honored to have a chance to speak to you today.
今天我很荣幸有机会给大家做演讲。
2．It's my honor to stand here and say something about how to study English well.
我很荣幸能站在这里谈谈如何学好英语。
3．It is a pity that many people don't realise the importance of environmental protection.
遗憾的是，很多人没有意识到环境保护的重要性。
4．As is known to us all, failure is the mother of success, but few people can really understand what the saying means.
众所周知，失败是成功之母，但是很少有人能真正理解这句格言的真谛。
5．That's all I want to say about this point.
关于这一点，我就讲这些。
新闻报道
应用体类别中的“新闻报道”这种题目要求我们对最近发生的重大事件进行简要而迅速地报道。新闻报道一般包括四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结束语：
靓点句式
1．To relieve students' pressure from heavy study and inspire them to take more outdoor exercise, our school organized a hiking activity on May Day.
为了减轻学生繁重的学习压力，鼓励他们多做户外运动，我们学校在五一组织了一次徒步旅行活动。
2．To encourage students to take an interest in space exploration, this year's theme of our annual school Science Festival is “Space”．
为了鼓励学生对太空探索的兴趣，我们一年一度的学校科学节的主题是“太空”。
3．On Monday afternoon, we attended a lecture about whether life can exist on other planets.
星期一下午，我们参加了一个关于其他星球上是否存在生命的讲座。
4．The activity attracted much interest from students and everyone is looking forward to next year's Science Festival.
这个活动吸引了很多学生的兴趣，每个人都期待着明年的科学节。
5．It was through this activity that we fully realized that the awareness of respecting the old should be raised.
正是通过这次活动，我们充分认识到应该提高尊老意识。
个人观点类
表达观点类文章属于议论文范畴，就某一话题或热点问题阐述自己的观点和看法。在写作过程中，可以先明确自己的观点，态度鲜明，不能模棱两可。围绕论点多角度论证，论据要确切、充分，最后进行总结，重申自己的观点和立场。
靓点句式
1．Not surprisingly, most high school students seldom do housework for lack of time.
不足为奇的是，因为时间不够，大多数高中生很少做家务。
2．However, personally, doing the chores is absolutely a necessity.
然而，就我个人而言，做家务是绝对必要的。
3．Not only can it relieve our parents' tiredness after work and strengthen the mutual ties, but also it contributes to cultivating the awareness of labor.
它不仅能减轻父母下班后的疲倦，而且能加强相互之间的关系，也有助于培养劳动意识。
4．For example, I like cleaning my house best, which can help release my study pressure and most importantly save my parents' trouble of sweeping the floor.
例如，我最喜欢打扫我的房子，这可以帮我缓解学习压力，最重要的是免去了我父母扫地的麻烦。
5．In a word, it is worthwhile for high school students to do the chores.
总之，高中生做家务是值得的。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2023·浙江1月卷)
上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：
1．活动的过程；
2．收获与感想。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英文报写篇报道，介绍上周末校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
1．可分三段来写：
第一段：提出上周末校学生会组织的活动以表明主题
第二段：描述活动的过程
第三段：说明自己的收获与感想
2．注意事项：
①写作类型：新闻报道类，内容要新鲜、真实，事实准确，要迅速及时，有时效性。简明扼要、篇幅短小，且有认识意义、启迪和指导意义。
②人称：以第一人称为主
③时态：以一般过去时为主
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
1．直奔主题：新闻报道的首段通常要有报道的地点或时间，第一句话常常是文章的导语，通过这句话读者能够了解文章的大致内容和主题。
2．要点明确：要报道什么内容应该让读者一目了然。将五个“W”(when, where, who, what, why)交代清楚，写作时可根据写作意图有所侧重。
3．内容新颖：新闻报道有较强的时效性，要贴近时代，能反映社会、科学、政治、经济、文化、生活等方面的最新动态。文章中不可避免地要用到大量反映当代社会变化的新词汇和表达方式，对这类词汇和表达方式平时要注意多积累。
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲，初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇与句式，写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【优秀作文赏析】
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students' Union.
The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist, who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different plants.Throughout the event, I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes, as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
Overall, it was a valuable and enriching experience.
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较高级词汇，如participate in，incredible，gain a greater appreciation for，maintain等以及高级句式，如运用非谓语动词：Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students' Union.以及定语从句：The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist, who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.Throughout the event, I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes, as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.等，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。第5节　人物描写、叙事短文、事物介绍、海报
辨明题类
人物描写
人物描写属于记叙文的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．Old as he is, he always fights bravely against severe diseases, making great contributions in the field of medicine.
尽管他年事已高，但他总是勇敢地与重症作斗争，在医学领域做出了巨大贡献。
2．It goes without saying that Confucius has a great effect on the values of later generations.
毋庸置疑，孔子对后世的价值观有很大的影响。
3．She has been highly respected for her wisdom as well as courage by the Chinese people.
她凭借她的智慧和勇气受到中国人民的高度尊敬。
4．Her spirit inspires me and millions of other girls to live an independent life and be responsible for our own decisions.
她的精神激励着我和千百万女孩过独立的生活，并为我们自己的决定负责。
5．He set so good an example for us students that we all should learn from him.
他为我们学生树立了好榜样，我们都应该向他学习。
叙事短文
叙事短文属于记叙文的写作范畴，文章多以事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。具体写作结构为：
靓点句式
1．First, the schoolmaster gave a speech, and then many pieces of painting, photography, sculpture, and paper-cut were on show.
首先，校长发表了讲话，然后展出了许多绘画、摄影、雕塑和剪纸作品。
2．Organized by the Students' Union, we participated in a one-day trip to the Forest Park last Sunday, which intended us to get close to nature and love nature.
上周日，在学生会的组织下，我们参加了森林公园一日游，让我们亲近自然，热爱自然。
3．We had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic there.
我们在那里拍了一些漂亮的照片，享受了一次美好的野餐。
4．As scheduled, the contest took place in the school hall, lasting two hours from 4?00 p．m. to 6?00 p．m.
比赛如期在学校礼堂举行，从下午4点到下午6点持续了两个小时。
5．By doing interesting experiments myself, I had lots of fun as well as gaining knowledge.
通过亲自做有趣的实验，我既玩得开心也获得了知识。
事物介绍
事物介绍类涉及的范围很广，如节日介绍、介绍喜欢的书、杂志、介绍自己喜欢的运动和音乐等。
靓点句式
1．The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar.
中国的春节是在中国农历的第一天。
2．On that day people usually go back home to have family reunion, enjoying a large meal with their family.
在那一天，人们通常回家与家人团聚，与家人一起享用大餐。
3．People will decorate their homes with red paper cuttings, whose themes are good fortune, longevity and prosperity.
人们会用红色剪纸装饰自己的家。剪纸的主题是好运，长寿和繁荣。
4．It is one of the best-selling magazines, covering fitness, nutrition, travel, technology, fashion and finance.
它是最畅销杂志之一，覆盖健身、营养、旅行、技术、时尚和金融。
5．With the rapid development of the Internet, an increasing number of publishers begin to launch online magazines to fit the times.
随着互联网的迅速发展，为了适应时代要求，越来越多的出版商开始发行在线杂志。
海报
海报是为了告知群众某项事物，让其了解相关事项。在写海报时，要根据活动的主题，从时间、地点、目的、措施及预期目标等方面进行说明，并发出倡导。
靓点句式
1．I'm glad to have the honor to tell you some activities you're going to have today.
我很高兴有这个荣幸告诉你一些你今天的活动。
2．The party is a good chance for us to practise our English.
这次聚会是我们练习英语的好机会。
3．Everyone is welcome to attend the party.
欢迎每个人都来参加聚会。
4．Please bring along your pens and notebooks.
请自备笔和笔记本。
5．Don't miss the chance.Please get there on time.
不要错过这个机会。请准时到达那里。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．短文题目已为你写好。
The Person I Respect
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。采用总分结构。
①人物简介；
②尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
重点短语：as for me, spare some time, listen to me patiently
连词成句
①As for me，my father is the person I respect mostly.
②He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.
③My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.
根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
连句成篇
①表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因
②表示并列补充关系：as for, and, but, so
润色修改
【优秀作文赏析】
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us.They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders.As for me, my father is the person I respect most.My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.
When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students.So, in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply.
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much.非谓语动词：He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students.时间状语从句：When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely...等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。第6节　图表作文、图画作文、日记、书评/影评
辨明题类
图表作文
对于图表作文，写作内容主要包括三个方面：
靓点句式
1．As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
2．As we can see from the materials above, the traffic issue is still a big problem.
正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。
3．Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced people's daily life and economic development.
现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。
4．In a word, we must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it.
总之，我们必须保护水资源，也要寻找再利用水的方法。
5．As far as I am concerned, I love wealth, but I value health more.
就我而言，我喜欢财富，但更看重健康。
图画作文
图画作文通常是给出一幅或是多幅图片，要求考生仔细分析图片内容，并通过文字形式将图片中所包含的内容准确地表达出来。可以介绍人物或叙述某件事情的发展过程，也可以揭示或反映某种社会现象。图画作文一般我们会采用三段式作文来写，尤其是漫画型作文：
靓点句式
1．As you can see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.
正如你在图中所看到的，许多学生骑自行车去学校。
2．In that picture, around the table with many books on it sit several students.
在那幅图画中，桌子上有很多书，周围坐着几个学生。
3．As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour.
正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。
4．In a word, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and comfort.
总之，过去20年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。
5．As far as I'm concerned, it's necessary to limit the time we spend using cellphones.
就我而言，有必要限制我们使用手机的时间。
日记
日记是用来记录一天中所发生的有意义的、值得记录的事件。在日记中，人们会对事件发表议论，阐述一下自己的态度或体会。
1．英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。其具体格式为：
(1)英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Windy, Snowy, Cloudy等。
(2)正文结构
2．日记的时态：由于日记是对当天所发生事情的回顾，故常用一般过去时，在发表议论或感想时，也可使用其他时态。
3．日记的人称：因为日记是记载自己的亲身经历，故应用第一人称，语言尽量口语化，按照事情发生的先后顺序，清楚、准确、连贯地把事情表达出来。
靓点句式
1．This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.
今天早上，我在街上散步的时候，我看到两个旅行者在看地图，看起来很困惑。
2．I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, which could take them there directly.
我把他们带到附近的公共汽车站，建议他们乘坐20路公共汽车，这样他们就可以直接到那里了。
3．Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.
看到他们在公共汽车上，我感到一种满足。
4．A tiring as well as meaningful day has ended, but I still remained excited for quite a long time.
劳累而有意义的一天结束了，但我仍然激动了很长一段时间。
5．What happened today has left a deep impression in my memory.
今天发生的事在我的脑海里留下了很深的印象。
书评/影评
书评是指读完一本书后发表的对书的看法；电影评论，简称影评，是对一部电影的导演、演员、拍摄技术和剧情等进行分析和评论的文章。
靓点句式
1．The film describes the difficulties he encounters and the positive attitude he adopts in response.
这部电影描述了他遇到的困难以及他对此采取的积极态度。
2．With his rich imagination and persistence, he eventually succeeded.
以他丰富的想象力和毅力，他最终成功了。
3．Reading Jane Eyre is a process full of pleasure and motivation.
阅读《简·爱》是一个充满乐趣和动力的过程。
4．The heroine, Jane Eyre, succeeds in conquering millions of readers by her virtue, consistence and reason.
女主人公简·爱以她的美德、坚毅和理性成功地征服了数以百万计的读者。
5．To my regret, virtue no longer shares the priority and popularity in our modern society.
令我遗憾的是，在现代社会中，美德不再享有优先地位和受欢迎程度。
技 法 点 拨 · 真 题 体 验
(2022·全国乙卷改编)
学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．学习活动状况描述；
2．简单评论；
3．你的建议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well.
【解析】　第一步　读懂题干，明确要求
本篇书面表达属于说明文。要求考生使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文给学校英文报投稿。
第二步　搭建框架，填充要点
1．根据写作要求，本文的写作内容应包括三项：一是陈述图表呈现的数据，即学生在课外时间学习英语的四种方式——读英语书籍、听英语歌曲、看英语电影和浏览英语学习网站；二是针对这些不同的学习方式进行评论；三是对课外学习英语的方式提出一些合理化的建议。
2．注意事项：
①时态：以一般现在时为主
②人称：以第三人称为主
③段落安排：第一段：引出讨论的内容
第二段：陈述图表的内容
第三段：针对图表内容进行评论
第四段：发表个人建议
第三步　优化语言，检查格式
语言应力求简练，注意描述图表显示的数据时，应避免句式重复，最好使用多种表达方式。
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲，初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇与句式，写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【优秀作文赏析】
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well.As the chart shows, students adopt different ways to learn English beyond the classroom.
The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%.50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.Those who visit English-learning websites account for 12%.
The figures of the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology.Students can choose what they like to enrich their English-learning experiences.
As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills.
文章内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，符合逻辑关系。作者多次使用了定语从句，如There are many things we can do to learn English well.As the chart shows, students adopt different ways to learn English beyond the classroom.The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%.和Those who visit English-learning websites account for 12%.等，宾语从句The figures of the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology.和 Students can choose what they like to enrich their English-learning experiences.以及目的状语从句As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills.高级句式，为文章提高了档次。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

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