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话题7　文娱与体育
Group 1　话题单词
□1.amusement n．娱乐
□2.applaud v．鼓掌欢迎
□3.athlete n．运动员
athletic adj.健壮的；体育运动的
□4.audience n．听众；观众
□5.award n．奖品；奖金　vt.授予；给予
□6.behalf n．代表；利益
□7.champion n．冠军
championship n．锦标赛
□8.cheer v．& n．欢呼；喝彩
□9.coach n．教练员
□panion n．同伴
□11.compete vi.比赛；竞赛
competition n．比赛；竞赛
competitor n．竞赛者；比赛者
□12.concert n．音乐会；演奏会
□13.courage n．勇气；胆略
□14.defeat vt.击败；战胜
□15.delay v．& n．延误；延迟；耽搁
□16.director n．导演
□17.event n．事件；大事
□18.final n．决赛
□19.fitness n．健康
□20.goal n．进球；进球得分
□21.instruct vt.通知；指示；教
instruction n．说明；教导
□22.instrument n．乐器；工具；器械
□23.judge n．裁判；审判员；法官　vt.判断；断定
□24.literature n．文学(作品)
□25.match vt.使相配；使成对　n．比赛；竞赛；火柴
□26.medal n．奖牌
□27.organise vt.组织
organiser n．组织者
organisation n．组织；机构
□28.participate vi.参加；参与
□29.perfect adj.完美的；极好的
□30.perform v．表演；履行；行动
performance n．演出；表演
performer n．表演者；执行者
□31.present adj.出现的；出席的　n．礼物；赠品
vt.呈现；奉送
presentation n．演示；演出
□32.programme n．节目；项目
□33.refresh v．使恢复精力；重新振作
□34.regular adj.规则的；惯常的
regulation n．规则；规章
□35.relax v．(使)放松；轻松
□36.reputation n．名誉；名声
□37.select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
□38.shot n．投篮；射门
□39.stadium n．(露天)体育场
□40.studio n．工作室；演播室
□41.tournament n．锦标赛
□42.track n．轨道；田径
□43.winner n．获胜者
□44.worth adj.有……的价值；值得……的
worthless adj.没有价值的；没有用的
worthwhile adj.值得做的
Group 2　话题短语
□1.a close game势均力敌的比赛
□2.be beneficial to对……有益
□3.be proud of/take pride in以……而自豪
□4.become the pride of the nation成为国家的骄傲
□5.break the record打破纪录
□6.build up one's body增强某人的体质
□7.classic/popular/folk music经典/流行/民间音乐
□8.compete in在……方面竞争
□9.compose a song创作歌曲
□10.contribute to有助于
□11.cooperate with与……合作
□12.every four years每四年
□13.fall behind落后
□14.go all out全力以赴
□15.hold one's breath屏住呼吸
□16.in good form状态好
□17.make a hit流行
□18.on behalf of代表
□19.participate in the bidding campaign参加申办活动
□20.physical exercise体育锻炼
physical development身体发育
□21.reach the standard达到标准
□22.record holder纪录保持者
□23.relax oneself使某人放松
□24.set a new world record创新世界纪录
□25.sign up for报名参加……
□26.stand for代表
□27.strengthen friendship增进友谊
□28.take the lead领先
□29.take the place of代替……
□30.win a gold medal赢得金牌
Group 3　话题佳句
1．It was not until the late 1800s that shooting developed into a sport item.
直到19世纪末射击术才发展成为一项体育项目。
2．Second, going outdoors and doing physical exercise with your friends is an effective way to get rid of negative feelings.
第二，到户外和朋友一起做做体育锻炼是一种有效的排解消极情绪的方式。
3．I propose that our school should organize this kind of activity more frequently.
我建议我们学校应该经常组织这样的活动。
4．Generally speaking, there are two kinds of recreations: physical activities and intellectual activities.
一般来说，有两种娱乐活动：体力活动和脑力活动。
5．Nowadays, a lot of recreational activities are available for people to release their stress of work or study.
如今，很多娱乐活动能帮助人们缓解工作或学习上的压力。
6．Last but not least, such activities like climbing a mountain provide a good chance to do exercise.
最后但同样重要的，像爬山这样的活动为人们提供了一个锻炼的好机会。
7．After-school activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, among which playing basketball is my favorite.
课外活动可以给我们娱乐，帮助我们放松自己，其中打篮球是我最喜欢的。
8．It's time to take action to stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sports activities.
是时候采取行动远离电视、电脑和参加体育活动了。
9．There's no doubt that we can both relax ourselves and know the true meaning of life by watching movies.
毫无疑问，我们通过看电影既可以放松自己又能知道生活的真正意义。话题8　科技与传媒
Group 1　话题单词
□1.accessible adj.易接近的；可得到的
□2.advantage n．优势
□3.digital adj.数字的；数码的
□4.artificial adj.人造的
□5.automatic adj.自动的
□6.broadcast v．广播；播送
□7.convenience n．方便；便利
□8.demand vt.& n．要求
□9.download v．下载
□10.drawback n．缺点，不利条件
□11.electronic adj.电子的
□12.click v．点击
□13.experiment n．实验
□14.explore vt.探索
□15.function n．作用；功能　vi.运转
fundamental adj.十分重大的；根本的
□16.guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
□17.intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
□18.introduce vt.介绍
introduction n．引进；介绍
□19.invent vt.发明；创造
invention n．发明；创造
inventor n．发明者；创造者
□20.material n．材料；原料
□21.mobile adj.移动的
□22.modem n．调制解调器
□23.modern adj.现代的
□24.patent n．专利权；专利证书
□25.potential adj.潜在的；可能的
□26.predict v．预言；预告；预报
□27.privilege n．特权；特殊待遇
□28.process n．过程　vt.加工；处理
□29.product n．产品
□30.progress n．& vi.前进；进步；进展
□31.provide vt.提供
□32.replace vt.取代
□33.research n．& v．研究；调查
□34.revolution n．革命
□35.signal n．信号
□36.significance n．意义；重要性
□37.simplify vt.使简化；使简易
□38.software n．软件
□39.spacecraft n．宇宙飞船
□40.standard n．标准　adj.标准的
□41.succeed vi.成功
success n．成功
successful adj.成功的；有成就的
□42.system n．体系；系统
systematic adj.系统的；有条理的
□43.technical adj.技术的；工艺的
technique n．技术；技巧
technology n．技术
□44.update vt.更新；使现代化
Group 2　话题短语
□1.be available可以利用的
□2.be in the lead领先
□3.by this means以这种方式
□4.benefit from从……获益
□5.be used for被用来
□6.carry out scientific experiments开展科学实验
□7.change one's life改变某人的生活
□8.come true实现
□9.cover an event报道事件
□10.do/work wonders创造奇迹
□11.follow the fashion追随时尚
□12.have a positive/negative effect有正面/负面影响
□13.high-tech products高科技产品
□14.improve the quality of life for humans提高人类的生活质量
□15.in the field of science在科学领域
□16.keep pace with跟上
□17.lead to/contribute to/result in/bring about导致
□18.live a/an...life过……的生活
□19.living standard生活水平
□20.make a new discovery有新发现
□21.make full use of充分利用
□22.modern technology现代科技
□23.potential ability潜能
□24.scientific breakthrough科学突破
□25.shop on the Internet网购
□26.side effects副作用
□27.stand out突出；出色
□28.surf the Internet上网浏览信息
□29.with the development/popularity of随着……的发展/普及
Group 3　话题佳句
1．Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure, thus making it more and more popular with high school students.
微博能给我们提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放压力的平台，这使它越来越受中学生的欢迎。
2．However, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn't be separated from our loved ones.Therefore, we should stop surfing the Internet and spend time with our families, when we are together.
然而，无论网络对我们的吸引力有多大，我们都不应该与我们所爱的人分开。因此，当我们在一起的时候我们应该停止上网，与家人享受美好的时光。
3．It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。
4．It is obvious that iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.
显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大的帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
5．In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年间，医疗技术的进步已经使得人们能够比过去活得时间更长。
6．No matter where you go, what you see and when you look, you will easily find there are many ads around you, such as toy ads on TV, food ads on computers, etc.
无论你走到哪里，你看到了什么，你什么时候看，你会很容易发现有很多的广告在你的周围，如：电视上的玩具广告，电脑上的食品广告等。
7．Though ad has brought us great convenience, it troubles us a lot at the same time.
虽然广告给我们带来了极大的方便，但同时也给我们带来了很多烦恼。
8．It is announced in the local paper that the factory will take on more experienced workers.
据当地报纸宣布这家工厂将雇用更多有经验的工人。
9．As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing.
作为一个记者，你需要紧跟时事，并致力于写作。
10．As is known to us, smartphones have become an important part in our daily life. We need them to chat, to surf the Internet as well as entertain ourselves.
众所周知，智能手机已成为我们日常生活中重要的一部分。我们用手机聊天、上网、娱乐。话题9　兴趣与爱好
Group 1　话题单词
□1.amateur n．业余爱好者
□2.antique n．古董
□3.choice n．选择
□4.collect vt.收集；搜集
collection n．收藏品；收集物
□5.dislike vt.不喜爱；厌恶
□6.enjoyable adj.令人愉快的；有乐趣的
□7.entertainment n．娱乐
□8.gardening n．园艺
□9.guitar n．吉他
□10.habit n．习惯；习性
□11.hobby n．爱好
□12.indoors adv.在室内
outdoors adv.在户外；在野外
□13.intention n．打算；计划；意图
□14.interest n．兴趣；趣味；利息
□15.opera n．歌剧
□16.outing n．短途旅行；远足
□17.picnic n．& vi.野餐
□18.playmate n．玩伴
□19.pleasant adj.令人愉快的；舒适的
□20.proper adj.恰当的；合适的
□21.realize vt.认识到；实现
□22.relaxation n．放松
□23.skate v．溜冰
□24.ski v．滑雪
□25.skill n．技能；技巧
□26.smoker n．吸烟者
□27.stamp n．邮票
□28.strange adj.奇怪的；奇特的；陌生的
□29.surfing n．冲浪
□30.swim n．& v．游泳
□31.talent n．天才；天赋
□32.temporary adj.短暂的；暂时的
□33.temptation n．引诱；诱惑
□34.tend v．往往会；常'常就；倾向
tendency n．倾向；偏好；性情
□35.tennis n．网球
□36.theatre n．剧院
□37.thinking n．思想
□38.treasure v．珍惜
□39.violin n．小提琴
□40.volleyball n．排球
□41.voluntary adj.自愿的；自发的；义务的
□42.willing adj.乐意的；愿意的
willingly adv.乐意地
willingness n．意愿；愿望
□43.wonder n．奇迹　v．想知道
Group 2　话题短语
□1.be crazy about对……着迷
□2.be fond of爱好
□3.be good at擅长于
□4.be keen on热衷于
□5.be weak in不擅长
□6.beyond imagination超乎想象
□7.cheer up感到高兴；感到兴奋
□8.collect stamps集邮
□9.develop an interest in...培养……的兴趣
□10.do harm to对……有害
□11.do sb.good对某人有好处
□12.enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事
□13.go camping去野营
□14.go in for爱好；对……感兴趣
□15.go sightseeing观光
□16.have a taste for对……有兴趣
□17.have a wonderful time玩得开心
□18.have no choice but to do...别无选择只能……
□19.increase to/by增加到/增加了
□20.in one's spare time在某人的业余时间
□21.play the piano弹钢琴
□22.prefer...to(比起……来)更喜欢
□23.seek after寻求；追求
□24.take up接受；开始从事；占据
□25.to one's delight/surprise令某人高兴/吃惊的是
□26.under the guidance of...在……的指导下
□27.walk the dog遛狗
□28.would love/like to很想；很愿意
□29.would rather宁愿；宁可
Group 3　话题佳句
1．I enjoy my hobby. It is my hobby that offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile, it provides me with pleasure.
我享受着我的爱好，它给我提供一个做趣事、做有创意的事情的机会，同时它还让我快乐。
2．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers, which has become a necessary part of my daily life.
我最喜欢读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
3．Fishing is my favorite, for it is both fun and instructive, which has helped me improve my power of controlling myself.
钓鱼是我的最爱，因为它既有趣又有教育意义，钓鱼有助于提高自我约束力。
4．Watching TV can bring us a lot of pleasure and teach us a lot, but spending too much time on it may do harm to our eyes and make us tired. So we should do sports at times when we are free from work.
看电视会给我们带来很多快乐，同时也教会我们许多知识，但在这方面花太多时间又会伤害我们的眼睛，使我们感到疲劳。因此在工作之余我们应该偶尔锻炼一下身体。
5．Travel is a way to broaden our horizons，through which we can learn about different cultures of the world.
旅游能开拓我们的视野，通过旅游，我们可以了解世界上的不同文化。
6．If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information.
如果你对此感兴趣，请告知，我会发更多信息给你。
7．Collecting stamps not only gives me great satisfaction but also helps me relax under the pressure of studies.
集邮不仅使我得到极大的满足，而且帮助我缓解学习中的压力。
8．In my opinion, the more interested people are, the more knowledge they will get. So interest is the best teacher of learning.
在我看来，人们越感兴趣，他们学到的知识就会越多。因此兴趣是学习的最好老师。
9．I join the basketball team, where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body, which is of great benefit to my mental as well as physical health.
我加入了篮球队，从中我不但认识到团队合作的重要性，还增强了体质，这对我的身心健康大有益处。
10．In addition, I'd like to suggest school be responsible for the after-school activities, which will be aimed at relaxing students and promoting their enthusiasm for study.
此外，我想建议学校提供一些旨在让学生放松并提高他们学习热情的课外活动。话题10　文学与艺术
Group 1　话题单词
□1.abstract adj.抽象的　n．摘要；提要
□2.adapt v．(使)适合；改编；改写
adaptation n．适应性；改编本
□3.annual adj.每年的　n．年刊
□4.appreciation n．欣赏；鉴定；评估
□5.art n．艺术
□6.biography n．传记
□7.chapter n．章(节)；回
□8.classic adj经典的　n．名著
□9.classify v．分类；归类
□10.copyright n．版权；著作权
□11.describe vt.描写；叙述
description n．描述；描写
□12.diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的；形形色色的
□13.document n．文件；文献
□14.draft n．草图；草稿；草案　vt.起草；草拟
□15.drawing n．绘画；绘图
□16.edition n．版本；(发行物的)版
□17.essay n．论说文；散文
□18.evaluate v．估计；评价；评估
□19.exhibition n．展览；展览会
□20.fiction n．(虚构)小说
□21.figure n．数字；(人的)体形；人物；(绘画、雕刻)人物像　vt.认为；计算
□22.folk adj.民间的
□23.gallery n．画廊
□24.literary adj.文学的；从事文学研究(或写作)的
□25.masterpiece n．代表作
□26.music n．音乐；乐曲
musical adj.音乐的；爱好音乐的　n．音乐剧
musician n．音乐家；乐师
□27.novel n．(长篇)小说
novelist n．小说家
□28.original adj.原创的　n．原作
□29.pianist n．钢琴家
piano n．钢琴
□30.playwright n．剧作家
□31.poem n．诗
poet n．诗人
poetry n．诗(总称)
□32.precise adj.准确的；精确的；确切的
□33.prize n．奖品
□34.publish vt.出版；发行
□35.record n．记录；唱片
□36.ridiculous adj.荒谬的；愚蠢的
□37.sculpture n．雕塑(术)；雕刻(术)；雕刻作品；雕像
□38.subscribe v．订阅；订购(报刊等)
□39.substitute v．代替；取代
□40.thrill n．& v．兴奋，激动
thriller n．惊险小说
□41.translate vt.翻译
translation n．翻译；译文
□42.vivid adj.栩栩如生的；鲜艳的
Group 2　话题短语
□1.a book review书评
□2.adapt...from sth.根据……改编
□3.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力
□4.arouse one's enthusiasm for激发某人对……的热情
□5.be based on以……为基础
□6.be regarded as被认为是……
□7.be set in以……为背景
□8.bring sb.happiness给某人带来愉悦
□9.come into existence形成
□10.culture shock文化冲击
□11.enrich one's life丰富某人的生活
□12.give a vivid description of生动描述……
□13.give/award a prize to...授予……奖项
□14.go through many difficulties经历许多困难
□15.have a better understanding of对……有更好的理解
□16.have a strong interest in对……有着浓厚的兴趣
□17.have an effect on对……有影响
□18.in addition to除……之外
□19.in terms of从……角度看；关于；至于
□20.in the traditional Chinese style按照中国传统风格
□21.leave sb. a deep impression给某人留下深刻印象
□22.make a brief introduction to对……做简单介绍
□23.make comments on...对……评论
□24.on exhibition在展示中
□25.pass down from generation to generation一代一代传下来
□26.sense of beauty美感
□27.shape one's character塑造某人的性格
□28.widen one's horizons开阔某人的眼界
□29.win the Nobel Prize in Literature获得诺贝尔文学奖
□30.works of art艺术作品
Group 3　话题佳句
1．As far as I'm concerned, music is the source of joys and inspiration in life.
就我个人而言，音乐是生活中快乐和灵感的源泉。
2．In addition to improving creativity, learning music will be useful to children throughout their lives.
除了提高小孩的创造力外，学习音乐使小孩终身受益。
3．Learning a musical instrument will help your children develop concentration, patience and perseverance.
学习一种乐器将帮助你的孩子培养注意力、耐心和毅力。
4．Knowing that you are interested in the Ancient Poetry Recitation Contest which was organized by our school, I am very pleased to tell you more details about it.
得知你对我校举办的古诗词朗诵大赛感兴趣，我非常高兴告诉你更多详细情况。
5．The Literature Society recommended a variety of good books, encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading.
文学社推荐了各种各样的好书，鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。
6．At the fair, related books, pictures，videos and objects will be exhibited, through which visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture much better but definitely feel the unique beauty of it.
在展览会上，相关书籍、图片、录像带、实物将被展示，通过这些游客不仅能更好地理解中国的传统文化而且一定能感受到其独特的美。
7．The literature book always reflects a country's history, so the students can know about the country's culture in the certain time.
文学书籍总是会反映一个国家的历史，因此学生就能了解这个国家在某个时期的文化。
8．The film is usually more interesting and it is easier to follow.
电影通常更有趣而且更容易理解。
9．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
10．By watching some movies which are closely relative to our lives, we are able to get some lessons from the ways to solve problems in the movies.
通过观看与我们生活息息相关的电影，我们能够从电影里面解决问题的方法中吸取一些教训。课标新增词汇
请将记忆不牢的单词在□内做出标记，以便重点攻克
A
□absolutely adv．完全地，绝对地
□according to prep．按照，根据
□actually adv．实际上，事实上
□addict n．吸毒上瘾的人，着迷的人
□adorable adj．讨人喜欢的，可爱的
□ambitious adj．有抱负的，野心勃勃的
□anticipate vt．期待，预料
□apparently adv．显然，看来
□assign vt．分配，布置
B
□barely adv．勉强，几乎没有
□bet vi．& vt．打赌，敢说　n．赌金
□blog n．博客，网络日志
□boost vt．使增长，兴旺
C
□calendar n．日历，历法
□calligraphy n．书法
□calorie n．卡路里
□campus n．(大学)校园
□capable adj．有能力的
□capacity n．容量，能力
□career n．职业生涯
□cease vi．& vt．停止，终止
□celebrity n．名人，名流
□certainly adv．肯定地，当然
□charity n．慈善机构
□cite vt．引用
□claim vi．& vt．& n．声称，索要，认领，索取
□client n．委托人，客户
□clue n．线索，提示
□collapse vi．倒塌，崩溃，瓦解
□column n．柱，栏，列
□comic adj．滑稽的　n．连环漫画
□community n．社区，团体，社会
□comparison n．比较，比喻
□complain vi．& vt．抱怨
□complicated adj．复杂的，难懂的
□compose vi．& vt．构成，组成，创作(乐曲)
□comprehensive adj．全面的，综合的　n．综合中学
□comprise vt．包括，构成
□confidence n．信赖，自信
□Confucianism n．孔子学说，儒教
□Confucius 孔子
□confused adj．困惑的
□consultation n．商量，咨询
□consumption n．消费量，消耗
□contact n．接触，联络；社会关系　vt．接触，联络
□contest n．比赛，竞争
□context n．上下文，语境
□contract n．契约，合同　v．收缩
□contrast vt．& vi．& n．形成对照，对比，差异
□cooperate vi．合作，协作
□core n．果核，核心
□corporate adj．公司的，全体的
□costume n．(某地或历史时期的)服装，戏装
□council n．委员会，理事会
□county n．(英国的)郡，(美国的)县
□coverage n．覆盖范围，新闻报道
□creative adj．有创造力的
□crisis n．危机，紧要关头
□critical adj．批判的，关键的，紧要的
□criticize/criticise vi．& vt．批评，指责，评论
□crucial adj．关键性的，至关重要的
□current adj．现时的，通用的，流行的　n．电/水/气流
□cute adj．漂亮的，逗人喜爱的，可爱的
D
□decent adj．正确的，得体的
□definitely adv．确切地，肯定地
□definition n．释文，定义
□demonstrate vt．& vi．证明，示范，示威
□deny vt．否认，拒绝给予
□depress vt．压下，使抑郁
□despite prep．尽管，任凭
□detail n．细节
□detect vt．察觉，发现
□device n．装置，设备
□dining n．进餐
□discipline n．训练，纪律
□display n．& vt．陈列，展览
□distinct adj．明显的，清楚的
□distribution n．分配，配送，分布
□dolphin n．海豚
□domain n．领地，领域，范围
□domestic adj．家务的，家养的，本国的
□dominate vi．& vt．支配，控制，俯视
□dragon n．龙
□drama n．戏剧事件，戏剧
□dramatic adj．戏剧的，给人印象深刻的
□drought n．干旱，旱灾
□duration n． 持续，期间
E
□ease n．舒适，悠闲　v．减轻，缓解
□economic adj．经济学的
□efficient adj．有效率的，高效能的
□elderly adj．上了年纪的，年迈的
□election n．选举
□element n．要素，基本部分，(化学)元素
□elsewhere adv．在别处
□embarrassed adj．尴尬的
□emerge vi．浮现，出现
□emotion n．感情，情绪
□emphasis n．强调，重视，重读
□enable vt．使能够
□encounter vt．& n．遇到，相遇
□engage vt．& vi．使参与，吸引，雇用
□enhance vt．增强
□enormous adj．巨大的
□ensure vt．确保，保证
□entirely adv．全部地，完全地
□entitle vt．给……取名，使有资格
□episode n．(电视连续剧的)一集
□equator n．赤道
□establish vt．建立，创立
□estate n．庄园，房地产，个人财产
□estimate vt．& n．估价，估算
□eve n．(重要节日的)前夜，前夕
□exactly adv．确切地，恰好
□exceptional adj．杰出的，罕见的
□expansion n．扩大，扩张
□exposure n．暴露，揭发
□extend vt．& vi．伸开，伸出，延伸
□external adj．外部的，外面的
□extinction n．灭绝，消亡
□extremely adv．极其地，非常
F
□fabric n．织物，织品，结构
□facilitate vt．促进，使便利
□facility n．(复数)设施，设备
□factor n．因素，要素
□fashion n．流行式样，时装业
□feature n．特征，面貌特征　v．以……为特色
□finding n．发现，调查结果
□flavour n．味道，风味，特点
□formal adj．正式的，正规的，形式上的
□fortunately adv．幸运地，幸亏
□foundation n． 创建，创办，基础
□frank adj．坦白的，直率的
□frequency n．频繁，发生率
□frightened adj．受惊的，害怕的
□fund n．基金，专款，资金　vt．为……提供资金
G
□gap n．缺口，间隔，代沟，差距
□gender n．性别
□generate vt．产生，创造
□genius n．天才，天赋，天才人物
□genuine adj．真实的，真诚的
□global adj．全球的，全世界的，总体的
□grab vt．抓住，(因忙碌)匆忙地吃、喝
□gradually adv．逐渐地
□greenhouse n．温室，暖房
□guideline n．指导方针，指导原则
□guy n．男人，小伙子，家伙，伙计
H
□habitat n．(动物)栖息地，(植物)生长地
□harmonious adj．协调的，和谐的，和睦的
□hence adv．因此，所以
□highlight vt．突出，强调　n．最精彩的部分
□highly adv．很，非常，高度地
□hike vi．& n．徒步旅行，徒步
□historic adj．历史上著名的，有历史意义的
□household n．一家人，家庭　adj．家庭的，家用的
□housing n．住房，房屋
□humble adj．谦卑的，地位低下的
I
□ideal adj．理想的，完美的　n．完美的人/事物
□identical adj．同一的，完全相同的
□identify vt．识别，确认，找出，表明……的身份
□illustrate vt．给……作插图，(用事例、图品画)说明
□image n．影像，图像，形象，印象
□impact n．撞击(力)，影响，作用
□imply vt．暗示，暗指，表明
□incredible adj．难以置信的，极好的
□individual adj．& n．(仅用于名词前)单独的，个人的；个人，个体
□infection n．传染，感染
□infer vt．推断
□influential adj．有影响的，有势力的
□initiative n．倡议，主动性
□inner adj．内部的，内心的
□innovation n．新观念，创新，革新
□input n．投入，输入
□inquire vt．& vi．询问，打听
□insight n．顿悟，洞察力，眼光
□inspection n．视察，检查
□instance n．例子，事例
□integrate vt．使结合，使合并
□integrity n．完整，完好，诚实正直
□intelligent adj．聪明的，有才智的
□intense adj．强烈的，激烈的
□interaction n．互动，相互作用
□internal adj．内部的，体内的，内心的
□interpret vt．& vi．解释，阐述，口译
□intervention n．干涉，干预，介入
□investigate vt．& vi．调查，侦查，调查研究
□investment n．投资，投资物
□involve vt．包含，需要，涉及，使参与
□issue n．议题，问题，(报刊的)号
□item n．项目，细目，一(件/条/则)物品、新闻等
J
□joint n．关节，接缝，接合处　adj．共同的
□journal n．日报，杂志，日志
□justify vt．证明……正当，为……辩护
K
□kit n．成套的工具，成套设备
L
□label n．标签，标记　vt．贴标签于
□landscape n．风景，风景画
□landslide n．塌方，滑坡
□laptop n．笔记本电脑
□launch vt．& n．发射，发动，(使船)下水，发行
□leadership n．领导力
□leisure n．闲暇，业余时间
□limited adj．有限的
□literally adv．照字义，字面上
□living adj．活着的　n．生活，生计
□loan n．贷款，借款
□location n．地点，位置
□log vt．& vi．记录
□lower adj．较低的　vt．把……放低，减低
□lunar adj．月球的，月亮的
□luxury n．奢侈，奢华，奢侈品
M
□maintain vt．保持，维护，保养，坚持认为
□massive adj．大而重的，大规模的，巨大的
□mechanical adj．机械的，机械般的
□membership n．会员身份
□military adj．军事的，军用的
□minor adj．较小/少的，轻微的
□missing adj．丢失的，失踪的
□mission n．任务，使命
□mobile phone n．手机
□mode n．方式，模式
□monthly adj．每月的　adv．每月一次　n．月刊
□mood n．心情，情绪
□moreover adv．再者，而且
□mostly adv．主要地，多半
□motion n．运动，动作
□motivate vt．使有动力，激发，激励
□motive n．动机，目的
□mount n．山，山峰　vt．骑上，跨上
□multiple adj．多个的　n．倍数
□muscle n．肌肉，体力，力气
N
□negative adj．负面的，消极的，负电极，(医)阴性的
□nevertheless adv．然而，不过
O
□objective n．目的，目标　adj．客观的
□obviously adv．显而易见地
□occasion n．时刻，场合，时机
□odd adj．奇怪的，不成双的　n．奇数
□online adj．在线的，联网的　adv．在网上
□opponent n．对手，反对者
□opportunity n．机会，时机
□option n．选择
□organic adj．器官的，有机的
□original adj．最初的　n．原创，原稿
□overall adj．全部的　adv．总共，总之
□overseas adv．在国外　adj．海外的
P
□panel n．镶嵌板，专家咨询小组
□passion n．激情，热爱
□peak n．山峰，顶峰　adj．最高的
□perceive vt．察觉，发觉，理解
□personality n．个性，人格
□pessimistic adj．悲观的
□phase n．阶段，时期
□philosophy n．哲学，人生观
□poetry n．诗歌总称
□polar adj．极地的，近极地的
□pose n．& vi．姿势，假装，摆姿势
□precisely adv．精确地，确切地
□prior adj．先前的，早前的
□priority n．优先事项，优先权
□proceed vi．继续，继续进行
□professional adj．职业的，专业的　n．专业人士，职业选手
□profile n．侧面(像)，外形，简介，概况
□proof n．证明，证据
□property n．财产，资产，房地产
□proposal n．建议，提议，求婚
□prospect n．可能性，预期，前景，前途
□protein n．蛋白质
□protest vi．& n．抗议，反对
□pudding n．布丁
□pursue vt．追求，(继续)从事，追赶
Q
□qualify vt．& vi．使合格，使具有资格，获得参赛资格
□quote vt．& vi．& n．引用，引语，引文
R
□rating n．等级，级别
□reaction n．反应，作用
□realistic adj．现实的，实际的，逼真的
□recall vt．回忆，回想
□recently adv．近来，最近
□recognition n．认出，识别，承认
□recording n．记录，录制
□region n．地区，地带，行政区，领域
□release vt．释放，发行
□remarkable adj．非凡的，引人注目的
□resident n．居民，住户
□resistance n．反抗，抵制
□resolution n．解决，决心
□resolve vt．& vi．解决，下决心
□resource n．资源，物力，财力
□respective adj．各自的
□response n．回答，反应
□responsible adj．有责任的，尽责的
□restore vt．恢复，修复
□restrict vt．限制，约束
□reveal vt．揭露，泄露
□revise vi．& vt．复习，温习，修订
□romantic adj．浪漫的，浪漫主义的
□route n．路线，路程，航线
□rural adj．农村的，乡村的
S
□sample n．样本，样品
□saving n．节约，存款
□secondary adj．次要的，第二位的
□series n．一系列，连续
□setting n．环境，背景
□shift vi．& vt．& n．改变，轮班，转换
□shortage n．不足，缺乏
□sign n．指示牌，迹象，征兆，签字　vt．签字，签名
□stomachache n．胃痛
□strategy n．战略，策略
□stretch vt．& n．拉长，伸展，延伸
□structure n．结构，构造，建筑物
□stuff n．东西，物品
□subsequent adj．继……之后的，随后的
□substance n．物质，事实基础
□substantial adj．大量的，多的
□suburb n．市郊，郊区
□subway n．地铁
□sufficient adj．足够的，充足的
□sum n．总数，总和
□sum up 总结，概括
□surf vi．& vt．冲浪
□surgery n．外科手术
□survey n．& vt．调查，测量
□suspend vt．悬挂，暂停，中止
□sustain vt．保持，维持
T
□tackle vt．处理，对付
□territory n．领土，版图，领地
□thirsty adj．渴的，缺水的，渴求的
□threat n．威胁，恐吓，构成威胁的人/物
□threaten vt．& vi．威胁，恐吓
□tone n．音调，语调，腔调，语气
U
□ultimately adv．最后，最终
V
□variation n．变化，差别
□vary vi．相异，不同，变化，改变
□venue n．举办地点，举行场所
□virtual adj．实质上的，虚拟的
□visible adj．看得见的，明显的
□vision n．视力，视觉，想象，幻象
□volume n．卷，册，体积，容积，音量
W
□warning n．警告，告诫
□weapon n．武器，兵器
□Wi-Fi n．无线局域网
□wrap vt．用……包裹，用……缠绕热点话题精彩范文
热点话题(一)　关于《美丽乡村建设》的演讲
假定你是某农业大学的毕业生，在毕业典礼大会上将发表题为《美丽乡村建设》的演讲，内容包括：
1．坚定信念；
2．具体措施；
3．达到目标。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Good morning, everyone!
It is my honor to be here and give a speech on building a beautiful countryside.
First of all, as an agricultural university graduate, I think a beautiful countryside can't fall from the sky, which needs you, me and him, starting from small things and from now on.
Secondly, we should promote village environment construction to create a more beautiful and suitable place for work.
In the new journey, we should encourage ourselves to overcome difficulties and build our homeland with one heart and one mind!
Thanks for your listening!
热点话题(二)　关爱残疾人，从我做起
5月16日是我国的全国助残日。某英语报社以“关爱残疾人，从我做起”为主题，面向中学生进行征文。请你用英文写一篇题为“Caring for Disabled People Is Our Duty”的文章向其投稿，内容包括：
1．助残的必要性；
2．自己所做的事；
3．感悟与期望。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Caring for Disabled People Is Our Duty
【范文】
Caring for Disabled People Is Our Duty
People with disabilities are around us.However, there is still prejudice against them nowadays.So it is necessary to care for them.
In my daily life, I always respect them and never make fun of them no matter what happens.Besides, whenever I find people with disabilities in trouble, I never hesitate to give them a hand.
Helping disabled people has made not only them but also me happier.I hope everyone in our society will take action immediately to care for disabled people.Only in this way can we create a harmonious world.
热点话题(三)　个人理想和未来职业规划
假定你是李华，准备参加高校专项招生面试。请你就个人未来职业规划用英语进行简短的介绍，内容包括：
1．你想成为什么样的人；
2．选择此大学及专业的理由；
3．你的决心与愿望。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头已写好，不计入总词数。
Good morning! I'm Li Hua.
【范文】
Good morning！I'm Li Hua.
Thanks for your offer.I feel greatly honored to talk about myself here.
I have always been meaning to be a person useful for the society.It's because I have grown up to be healthy and happy due to my family's great care and the devotion of our government and the teachers.All this also accounts for why I choose Xiamen University, where I can major in Environmental Engineering.Another reason is my constant concern about the environmental protection.
I definitely hope I will be lucky enough to be admitted and I know I will try hard to shape myself into what I want to be.
热点话题(四)　以“在劳动中找到快乐”为主题的征文稿
你校英文报正在举行征文活动。请以“Finding Joy in Laboring”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．劳动体验；
2．劳动后的感受。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．短文题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Finding Joy in Laboring
【范文】
Finding Joy in Laboring
Do you do work around the house or school very often As for me, I am always willing to do it.
Last July I took part in a farm-work programme in the suburb.Upon arriving at the farm, I quickly threw myself into hands-on work in the fields, picking up watermelons all the morning.While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.
Tiring and laborious as the work is, I find the value of labor and the joy of working.
热点话题(五)　鼓励在书法比赛中失利的朋友
假定你是李华，你所在的书法班的英国同学Sahna因为在汉语书法大赛中表现欠佳而心情沮丧。请你给她写一封信表示安慰，要点如下：
1．表示理解；
2．帮其分析原因；
3．提供辅导。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：汉语书法Chinese calligraphy
【范文】
Dear Sahna,
I am sorry to hear that you didn't perform well in the contest of Chinese calligraphy and that you are feeling discouraged.
Anyhow, as a foreigner, you have tried your best.Facing failure, you shouldn't feel sad and lose heart.On the contrary, you should analyze the cause of your failure.As far as I am concerned, Chinese calligraphy is a time-consuming art, so what you need to do is spend more time on it.
If you want to practice, I am willing to work as a tutor to help you improve it.
Yours,
Li Hua
热点话题(六)　端午节
假定你是李华，请给你的英国笔友Jack写封信介绍一下端午节，内容包括：
1．节日由来；
2．节日习俗；
3．发出邀请。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Dear Jack,
As the Dragon Boat Festival is approaching, I'm writing to introduce it to you briefly.
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, which is in memory of a great poet in history named Qu Yuan.On that day, there are many customs including racing dragon boats, eating zongzi, bathing in water with one hundred kinds of herbs.We have a day off for the traditional festival.
I hope you can come to China to experience the festival personally.
Yours,
Li Hua
热点话题(七)　中医文化
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter对中医文化很感兴趣，发来邮件向你咨询。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．简要介绍中医文化；
2．推荐央视《中华医药》(Traditional Chinese Medicine)栏目。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：央视网址www.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Peter,
I'm so glad to know that you are interested in traditional Chinese medicine.
Traditional Chinese medicine relies on natural products and has been playing a significant role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years.If you would like to learn more about it, I strongly recommend you to watch TCM broadcast on CCTV-4 weekly.You can find it on www..Hopefully my introduction is helpful to your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine.
Please don't hesitate to let me know if you have any questions.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
热点话题(八)　中小学校园内学生禁止使用手机
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David了解到不久前中国教育部发布了在中小学校园学生禁止使用手机的禁令。他很想知道你和同学们对该禁令的看法，请你就此给他回一封电子邮件。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
The Ministry of Education, earlier this year, issued a cellphone ban,
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear David,
The Ministry of Education, earlier this year, issued a cellphone ban, forbidding primary and middle school students to use cellphones at school, which drew heated responses from us students.
The majority of us are actively in favor of the ban.They believe a campus without cellphones can help students avoid many troubles, such as cheating in exams, disturbing teaching in class.However, some students are opposed to it, arguing that cellphones have been a part of their life.
As far as I am concerned, inconvenience though the ban may cause, we students will benefit a lot from it.
Yours,
Li Hua
热点话题(九) 　运动使我们健康
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请你围绕学校上周六开展的主题为“Sports Make Us Happy”的活动，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．活动时间和地点；
2．活动内容；
3．你的感想。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Last Saturday, our school held an activity themed “Sports Make Us Happy”．That day, all Senior 3 students gathered on the playground at 8：30 a．m.After an inspirational opening ceremony, all kinds of sports events started one after another.Some played basketball, football, badminton or volleyball; others were running or jumping.The whole playground was alive with excitement.
As a participant, I think highly of the activity because it not only allows us students to relax but also prepares us for the future both physically and mentally.
热点话题(十) 　三星堆新发现
三星堆考古发掘又上新，再次惊艳世界。假如你是李华，你知道你校留学生Peter对三星堆文物特别感兴趣，请给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他这个周末一起去三星堆博物馆看展览。活动内容包括：
1．参观本次出土的青铜神树；
2．品尝文创雪糕。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：三星堆遗址Sanxingdui Ruins site　青铜神树bronze heavenly tree
Dear Peter，
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Peter，
The Sanxingdui Ruins site had new discoveries recently. Knowing that you are interested in Sanxingdui culture, I'd like to invite you to visit Sanxingdui Museum this weekend.
With no doubt, we will be exposed to a variety of artistic bronze wares. In particular, we will have a chance to see the huge bronze heavenly tree, one of the largest and most mysterious unearthed this time. The museum also rolled out ice cream bars in the shape of Sanxingdui bronze masks and we can have a taste. If it is convenient for you, how about meeting at our school gate at 10：00 a．m. this Saturday
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
热点话题(十一) 　天问一号登陆火星
5月15日，我国首次火星探测任务天问一号探测器携“祝融号”火星车稳稳着陆火星，首次在火星上留下中国印迹。假如你是李华，你的外国好友John看到新闻后向你发来邮件表示祝贺，但同时很好奇“天问”和“祝融”名字的由来，请你回信向他说明。
1．“天问”来自中国伟大诗人屈原的长诗《天问》，表达了中华民族对于真理追求的坚韧与执着；
2．祝融是中国上古神话中的火神。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Dear John，
Thanks for your congratulations on China's successful landing on Mars. I'm writing to explain what the names Tianwen and Zhurong represent to you.
The name Tianwen comes from the long poem “Tianwen” written by Qu Yuan, one of the greatest poets of ancient China. It shows the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth, as well as the culture of exploring nature and the universe.
Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space.
Hope my above explanation will be of use to you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
热点话题(十二) 　感动中国人物
假定你是李华，上周班会课上你班观看了“感动中国人物”并进行了分享讨论。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．班会主题；
2．活动过程；
3．活动反响。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Last week, our class held a special class meeting whose theme was “The role models, our real stars”.
First, we appreciated the video of ceremony of the “Touching China” award, which made all of us students deeply moved. Then followed the discussion, in which the whole class participated enthusiastically. Some said they liked Su Bingtian most because he kept challenging himself, while others admired Jiang Mengnan most because of her toughness while facing hardships in life.
The activity received many positive comments. There is no doubt that the spirit of the Chinese inspirational role models will motivate us to keep working hard.
热点话题(十三) 　向钟南山学习
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校举行“学习抗疫英雄钟南山”的征文活动，请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿。
1．在医学领域工作了50多年，中国最著名的科学家和医生之一；
2．2003年奋战在抗击非典第一线；
3．2020年初，84岁高龄的他，再战武汉新冠肺炎防疫最前线。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
As one of the premier medical scientists in the 21st century, Zhong Nanshan has been working in the medical field for over 50 years.
In the spring of 2003, the SARS epidemic broke out in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle. Through their hard work for several months, the SARS epidemic was stopped. Then time came to early 2020, Zhong Nanshan aged 84, fought again on the front line of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei Province.
Devoted to the medical cause, Zhong Nanshan set so good an example for us students that we all should learn from him.
热点话题(十四)　 全面脱贫
假如你是李华，你的外国笔友Tom特别关注中国政府和人民在脱贫攻坚战中取得的胜利，请你以春节期间到乡下爷爷家过年的经历为例，给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．与过去的贫困对比，介绍现在农村脱贫后的情况；
2．简要说明脱贫成功的原因。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
I hope you can visit our country and feel the great changes.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Tom，
I am highly grateful for your concern about my country's anti-poverty, which is considered a wonder.
I happened to spend the Spring Festival living in my grandpa's home. In the past, the people there were so poor that it was not easy to get enough food, let alone beautiful clothing and spacious buildings. Some teens were forced to drop out of school to go out working in cities. Now with the help of the government and all the people from the rich areas, all of them have gotten out of absolute poverty. Every family lives in newly-built flats, even some of them owning cars. Children can enjoy free education and the elderly are provided with free health care.
I hope you can visit our country and feel the great changes.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(十五) 　古代丝绸之路旅伴
假设你是新华高级中学学生李华，在网上得知澳大利亚籍中学生David想来中国沿古代丝绸之路游览，他向网友征集旅友兼向导。你有兴趣做他的旅伴，请给David写一封自荐信，内容要点如下：
1．自我介绍；
2．你的优势；
3．希望能成为David的旅友。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
I believe I'm the right person you're looking for. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear David，
I've learned from your post that you want to travel along the Ancient Silk Road in China during this summer holiday and are recruiting a tour pal and tour guide, so I'm writing to you to recommend myself.
I'm Li Hua, a student from Xinhua High School. I love travelling and always want to travel along the Silk Road. I've done much research in my spare time. Therefore, I know much about every towns, cities and the places of interest along the road, including their history, customs and culture. More importantly, I can speak English fluently.
I believe I'm the right person you're looking for. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(十六) 　粮食浪费
假定你是李华，针对校园内存在浪费粮食的现象，学校决定举行抵制浪费粮食的活动。请你代表学生会在学校英文报上写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1．活动的理由及目的；
2．具体的做法；
3．呼吁从我做起，节约粮食。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
Dear fellow students，
We all feel concerned when seeing leftovers piled in the bins of the canteen. To arouse our awareness of saving food, our school is to launch a campaign against food waste.
As for us students, please don't order food that we can't finish. Furthermore, let's remind each other to clear the plate all the time or pack leftovers home.
Treasuring food is a Chinese traditional virtue. Remember, every grain comes after hard work. Let's save food and do it from now!
Students' Union
热点话题(十七) 　走进中国
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友David准备组织一个“走进中国”的活动，他写信请你帮忙策划一下活动内容并介绍一下有中国特色的元素，以便让他的同学更好地了解中国。请你用英文写一封回信。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．需包括至少两个中国元素，可适当增减细节；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：走进中国Approach to China　一带一路倡议One Belt and One Road Initiative　吉祥物mascot
Dear David，
Wish your campaign a success.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear David，
I'm glad to know that you are launching a campaign “Approach to China” aiming to introduce your peers to a thriving China.
From my perspective, the activities may range from Chinese calligraphy competition to paper cutting, martial arts, appreciation of Beijing Opera and so on. As for Chinese elements, the Great Wall with a long history symbolizes the national fighting spirits while high-speed railway representing the cutting-edge technology takes the lead in the world. China's booming economy is marked with mobile payment and One Belt and One Road Initiative.
By the way, mascots like pandas and Monkey King will enjoy great popularity among participants.
Wish your campaign a success.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(十八) 　数字生活
假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris和你都喜欢观察和记录生活。他在邮件中询问你记录生活的方式，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．你记录生活的方式(日记、vlog等)；
2．你的感受与收获。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
I'm looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Chris，
Knowing that you're curious about how I take a record of my life, I'm more than happy to share it with you.
Since I was a little child, I've been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts. When I read my diary, all my memories flash back clearly to me. It's a really valuable record of my growth. Nowadays, many teenagers around me prefer to share their vlogs on the social media like bilibili or WeChat moments.
As for me, diary is like wine, the longer, the better. What about you
I'm looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(十九)　 倡议学生重视汉字书写
近年来，随着科技发展，电子产品越来越多，学生的汉字书写能力大大降低。假定你是校书法协会的会长，为了让同学们重视书写，写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1．减少对电子产品的依赖，多动手记笔记；
2．养成练书法和写日记的习惯。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文】
With the development of technology, more and more students prefer to use electric products for taking notes and sending messages, rather than write on the paper. Thus, our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past.
Facing the problem, we should use less electric products when learning. If so, we can have more opportunities to improve our handwriting. Besides, we must form the habit of practising calligraphy every day. What's more, it is better to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand instead of sending e-mails.
So let's take action right now! I'm sure our efforts will pay off!
Calligraphy Association
热点话题(二十)　征集环保志愿者
假如你是李华，现任你们学校的学生会主席。你将代表学生会起草一份倡议书，号召全校同学行动起来，为环保运动做出自己的努力。同时下周六学校将组织同学在全市进行环保宣传活动，征召志愿者到校学生会报名。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear students，
Let's join hands and take action immediately.
Students' Union
【范文】
Dear students，
On behalf of the Students' Union, I am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign. The people just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment, so it is our duty to make considerable efforts to protect the environment.
Do you want to volunteer in environmental protection Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth. Next Saturday, our university will run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city. The University Students' Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.
Let's join hands and take action immediately.
Students' Union
热点话题(二十一) 　生态环保
假定你是李华，上周末你和同学们参加了一次义务植树活动。请你为校报英文栏目写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．植树过程；
3．个人体会。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．标题已给出，不计入总词数。
My weekend
【范文】
My weekend
To arouse the students' awareness of environmental-protecting, the Students' Union of our school organized a rewarding activity—Tree Planting last weekend.
Early in the morning, my classmates and I headed for a hill nearby with tools and seedlings. On arrival, we got down to working together as planned. Some dug the pits and put seedlings in, some filled the pits with earth, and others watered them. Through our joint efforts the hillside was lined with rows of seedlings, bathed in the sunshine.
Exhausted as we were, we tasted the joy of labor.
热点话题(二十二)　 向朋友介绍中国的“垃圾分类”
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Eli对中国正在推广的垃圾分类政策很感兴趣，他想了解一下相关情况，请你给他写封回信，内容包括：
1．上海率先实行；
2．垃圾须分四类(干、湿、可循环、有害)；
3．公众反应。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类trash-sorting
【范文】
Dear Eli，
Having learned that you are interested in the trash-sorting program promoted recently in China, I am writing to give you a brief introduction.
Shanghai has become the pioneer of our country's waste sorting policy. The residents in Shanghai have not been able to dump their waste bags in whichever bin was closest. On the contrary, domestic waste is required to be classified into four categories: dry refuse, wet trash, recyclable waste and hazardous waste.
Faced with the new rule, many citizens in Shanghai are finding it a little complicated. Still, there are more people who warmly support the policy because it helps people to cultivate greener lifestyle habits and helps China to become a more beautiful country.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(二十三) 　探月
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim得知你对探月感兴趣，发来邮件和你讨论该话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．月亮在中国文化中的寓意；
2．你对人类探月活动的看法。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：探月moon exploration
Dear Jim，
I am glad to share with you more details about my passion for moon exploration.
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Jim，
I am glad to share with you more details about my passion for moon exploration.
In Chinese culture, the moon reminds people of their family and friends far away. People feel reassured knowing that they are watching the same moon as if the moon could serve as their messenger.
Human beings have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor. I believe it is of great significance. I think moon exploration shows an important human trait, that is, curiosity about the unknown, which is the driving force that has brought our species this far.
I hope you find what I've mentioned above interesting and reasonable. What do you think of when you gaze at the moon
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题(二十四) 　倡议爱护及合理使用共享单车
共享单车日益普及，给人们带来了极大便利，但同时也存在随意停放、故意损坏等问题。假如你是学生会主席李华，请你据此给校报写一篇呼吁同学们合理使用以及爱护共享单车的倡议书。写作要点如下：
1．共享单车的优点以及存在的问题；
2．为解决问题发出倡议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students，
I'm appealing to you for paying attention to bike sharing.
Students' Union
【范文】
Dear fellow students，
I'm appealing to you for paying attention to bike sharing.It develops rapidly and now has become one of the hottest topics.
On the one hand, bike sharing makes it very convenient for people to travel. A bike can be found anywhere whenever you want to go out, and its rent is extremely low. In addition, never does it produce pollution, contributing to a low carbon lifestyle. On the other hand, random parking frequently bothers people. Worst of all, a small number of people break the rules, like parking illegally. Sometimes shared bikes are even left damaged for unknown reasons.
As far as I'm concerned, everyone should obey the rules, which will enable us to enjoy the convenience of public facilities.
Students' Union
热点话题(二十五) 　创建文明城市
你校正在组织一场响应市里“创建文明城市”活动的英语作文比赛。请你以“To Be a Civilized Student”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．创建文明城市简介；
2．你的行动。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
To Be a Civilized Student
【范文】
To Be a Civilized Student
In order to establish a national civilized city, the local government has launched a campaign and called on all the citizens to actively participate.Here are some do's and don'ts for a senior high school student like me.
As a student, I should follow what is required in the campaign, such as no spiting everywhere, conducting garbage classification, waiting for the green light.Besides, each of us should waste no food, making it a lifelong habit.
In a word, I will go out to behave properly and to be a civilized student.十大应用文高分模板
求助信
[高分模板1]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm .(自我介绍)I'm writing to get some help about .(说明写信目的)
I have met many difficulties in .(遇到的困难)First， .Besides， .What's more， .(分层次说明自己的困难)
Faced with so many difficulties, l have to ask you for help. Would you like to so that ？(请求一)In the meanwhile, I beg you to .(请求二)Also, I would like you to .(请求三)I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor and .(表示感激)
Looking forward to your reply.(表达期望)
Yours truly，
Li Hua
[高分模板2]
Dear ，(求助对象)
I am writing to formally request to .(请求的内容)
The reason for is that .(给出原因)I , so I .(给出细节)
I would also like to request .(提出进一步的要求)I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.
Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at (电话号码)．I look forward to a favorable reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
建议信
[高分模板]
Dear ，(建议对象)
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to .(引出对方需要建议的主题)
Here are a few suggestions.(引出作者的建议)First, it is important to .Then, it also helps to .Besides, it should be a good idea to .You can also .
可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下：
As to ，I suggest .(需要具体到某一方面)In addition， .(其他的建议)I'm sure .(预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)
I hope .(表达愿望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
感谢信
[高分模板]
Dear ，(感谢对象)
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you for .(感谢的原因)If it had not been for your assistance in ，(对方给你的具体帮助)I fear that I would have been .(没有对方帮助的结果)
Everyone agrees that it is you who .(给出细节)
Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
邀请信
[高分模板]
Dear ，(被邀请对象)
How's everything with you？I'm writing to tell you that there will be a (活动)at/in (地点)on (时间)．I wonder if you'd like to go with me.(发出邀请)
The occasion will start at (具体时间)．This will be followed by a .(进一步的安排)At around (时间)， .(另一个安排)
If you are interested in it, let me know. Hope to meet you at the ./I really hope you can make it.(再次邀请)My phone number is (电话号码)．Looking forward to .(期待回复)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
投诉信
[高分模板1]
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is/I'm .(自我介绍)I am writing to you for something/to tell you something about .(投诉的内容)
.(简述导致矛盾的事件)I .(表达本人曾做过的努力)But .(投诉原因一)Besides， .(投诉原因二)To be frank, .(客观的评论，以示诚恳)I do hope/I require that .(表达本人期待的解决方案)
Thank you for your time and kind consideration.(信件结尾的常用语)
Yours，
Li Hua
[高分模板2]
Dear ，(被投诉部门负责人等)
I am .(自我介绍)I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about (抱怨的内容)．
The reason for my dissatisfaction is .(总体介绍)In the first place, .(抱怨的第一个方面)In addition, .(抱怨的第二个方面)Under these circumstances，I find it (感觉)to .(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果)
I appreciate it very much if you could (提出建议和请求)，preferably (进一步的要求)，and I would like to have this matter settled by .(设定解决事情的最后期限)Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
申请信
[高分模板]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm .(自我介绍)When I was reading the advertisement, .(表达看到相关广告后的感受)I think it's a good opportunity for me to .(应聘的原因)Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
I .(陈述本人的性格优势)For one thing, I can .(陈述本人特长一)For another thing，I can .(陈述本人特长二)
Please contact me at (你的联系方式一：电话号码)．Or e-mail me at (你的联系方式二：电子邮箱地址)．
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
推荐信(自荐信)
[高分模板1]
Dear ，
I'm .(自我介绍)I was asked to write to you to recommend (要推荐的人)to be/do .(要担任的职位或做的事情)
His/Her performance is outstanding. He/She is a diligent boy/girl, who can .(优势一)What's more, .(优势二)I'm sure he/she can .Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart.
If you have any questions about it, please contact me.
Looking forward to your reply.(表达期望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[高分模板2]
Dear ，
It affords me much pleasure to recommend (要推荐的人)to you. During his/her graduate years he/she was my .As his/her (介绍与此人的关系)I found him/her (被推荐人的特点或优点)．
His/Her performance in the school years is outstanding. First, he/she has shown great talents in . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of , and working with him/her is always .I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being .(介绍此人的能力)
Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart.Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university I am sure that his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
道歉信
[高分模板]
Dear ，(道歉对象)
I am sorry to tell you that .(陈述道歉原因)Now I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.
I hope you will understand me and excuse me for .(请求对方原谅的事由)The reason for my delay/absence was/is that .(解释道歉原因)Therefore .
I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology and understand it.I would appreciate your allowing me to .(提出补救措施)Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
祝贺信
[高分模板]
Dear ，(祝贺对象)
I have learned with delight that you .(祝贺事由)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on .You must be . And I feel very happy for you.
(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news! I know this is surely owing to .(被祝贺人过去的努力)It is a reward you richly deserve for your .(被祝贺人的优点)
Kindly let me know when you .(咨询对方何时有空)I hope .(表达自己的愿望)My best wishes for your further success.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
普通书信/电子邮件
[高分模板]
Dear ，
I'm , I am writing to talk about .(提出主题)I like it very much mainly for the following reasons. First, , I think are/is very popular with .(原因一)What's more, along with there are .(原因二)However, .Therefore, I'd like to suggest .(个人看法)
Best regards.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua写作增分句式
1．This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……
I was late for school.It was because my bike broke down.
我上学迟到了，那是因为我的自行车坏了。
2．This/That/It is why...这/那就是……的原因。
He is more a talker than a doer.This is why he never finishes anything.
他是个空谈者而不是实干家，这就是他一事无成的原因。
3．The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能够给我们提供新鲜的空气。
4．As a saying goes, ...俗话说得好/就像谚语说的，……
As a saying goes, storms make trees take deeper roots.
俗话说得好，风暴使树木深深扎根。
5．As we can see from...正如我们从……所看到/知道的
As we can see from the chart, more and more families own their cars.
正如我们从图表中所看到的，越来越多的家庭拥有了轿车。
6．As is known to us all, ...众所周知，……
As is known to us all, Hong Kong is one of the financial centers of Asia.
众所周知，香港是亚洲金融中心之一。
7．..., as is often the case with sb.正如某人常有的情况，……
He likes talking about the past, as is often the case with old people.
他喜欢谈论过去，就像许多老年人常有的情况一样。
8．It is high/about time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人做某事的时候了。
It is high time that the authorities took/should take proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
9．It won't be long before...用不了多久/很快就……
It won't be long before I go abroad for further education.
用不了多久我就会出国深造。
10．It/ This is the＋序数词＋time (that) sb.has/have done sth.这是某人第……次做某事。
It is the first time I've won since I learnt to play chess.
自从我学会下国际象棋以来，这是我第一次赢。
11．When it comes to...当谈到……
When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为这是一个终生的学习。
12．be doing sth.when...正在做某事那时突然……
I was having a bath when the telephone rang.
我正在洗澡，那时电话突然响了。
13．be about to do sth.when...正要做某事那时突然……
She was about to go out when it started to rain.
她正要出去，那时突然下起雨来。
14．Nothing is more important than...没有比……更重要的了。
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事了。
15．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..越……，就越……
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
你越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
16．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句　如果……，那么/否则……
Lend her a hand, and she will be grateful to you.
如果帮她一把，那么她会感激你的。
Apologize to your friend, or he will get annoyed.
向你的朋友道歉，否则他会生气的。
17．For one thing, ...For another(thing), ... 一则……，再则……
For one thing, these shoes don't suit you.For another, they are too expensive.
一则，这双鞋子并不适合你；再则，它们太贵了。
18．On the one hand, ...on the other hand, ...一方面……，另一方面……
On the one hand, I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想卖掉房子，但另一方面我又不想搬家。
19．It was not until...that...直到……才……
It was not until she got home that Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
直到詹尼佛回到家她才意识到丢了钥匙。
20．It is not...but...that matters/counts.重要的是……而不是……
It is not who you are but your ability that matters.
重要的是你的能力而不是你是谁。
21．It is obvious/apparent that...很明显……
It is obvious/apparent that he did not do it himself.
很明显他没有亲自去做。
22．It is typical of sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的一贯做法。
It is typical of him to forget to bring a present.
忘记带礼物来正是他的一贯做法。
23．It is very/not likely that...很/没有可能……
It is likely that it will rain this afternoon.
今天下午有可能下雨。
24．It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
It is worthwhile to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
25．It is generally accepted that...人们普遍认为……
It is generally accepted that wages should be linked to prices.
人们普遍认为工资应与物价联系起来。
26．It is universally acknowledged that...……是人们公认的。
It is universally acknowledged that we can not live without air or water.
大家普遍认为我们离开空气和水无法生活。
27．It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It must be pointed out that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。
28．It(never)occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到/ 某人从未想到……
It suddenly occurred to me that I should solve that problem in a different way.
我突然想起该用另外一种方式解决那个问题。
29．It makes a/no difference to sb...对某人来说……很重要/无所谓。
It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.
你去不去对我来说都无所谓。
30．It makes no sense for sb.to do sth.某人做某事没有意义。
It makes no sense at all for parents to let their children study their lessons all the day.
父母们让孩子整天学习功课根本就没有意义。
31．It is required/requested that...要求……
It is required that every student(should)attend the meeting this afternoon.
要求每个学生都参加今天下午的大会。
32．It is said/reported that...据说……/据报道……
It is reported that the world-famous football star will come to China next year.
据说那位闻名世界的足球明星明年要来中国。
33．It is strongly recommended that...强烈建议……
It is strongly recommended that all parents should learn how to bring up their children properly.
强烈建议所有的家长都要学会如何正确地养育孩子。
34．It is no use doing sth.做某事是毫无用处的。
It is no use talking without doing.
光说不做是没有用的。
35．It is no wonder that...难怪……
It is no wonder that you've got a headache; you drank too much last night.
难怪你头痛，你昨晚喝得太多了。
36．It is a pity that...可惜/遗憾的是……
It is a pity that many people don't realize the importance of environmental protection.
遗憾的是很多人意识不到环境保护的重要性。
37．It is good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/没礼貌的表现。
It is good manners to bring along a small gift or some flowers when you are invited to dinner by a foreign friend.
如果外国友人邀请你共进晚餐，去的时候带上一份小礼物或者鲜花是有礼貌的表现。
38．So＋形容词＋倒装结构＋that从句　如此……以至于……
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
39．Only＋状语(从句)＋...只有……(倒装结构)
Only with his help can I win the prize.
只有在他的帮助下我才能获奖。
40．On no account/by no means can we...我们绝对不能……(倒装结构)
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。
41．Not only＋...＋but also...不但……而且……
Not only does she do well in English, but she also is good at communicating with others.
她不但英语学得好，而且还擅长同别人交流。
42．Not until＋...＋did sb.do sth.直到……某人才……
Not until he failed in the exam did he realize the importance of making full use of time.
直到考试失败了，他才意识到充分利用时间的重要性。
43．Hardly had sb.done sth.when sb.did sth./No sooner had sb.done sth.than sb.did sth.某人一……就……
Hardly had I begun speaking when there was a knock on the door.
我刚开始说话就听到敲门声。
44．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that there will be great changes in people's diets in the future.
毫无疑问人们未来的饮食会有巨大的变化。
45．There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事。
There is no need for you to worry about that at all.
你根本不必为此担心。
46．There is no denying that...不可否认……
There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem.
不可否认空气污染是一个极其严重的问题。
47．There was a time when...有一段时间……
There was a time when people had no food to eat.
有一段时间人们没有食物可吃。
48．There is an increasing tendency that...……有不断增加的趋势。
There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.
校园内学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。
49．There is no possibility that...不可能……
If you don't study hard, there is no possibility that you will pass the examination.
如果你不努力学习，你不可能会通过考试。
50．There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no point in arguing further.
继续争执下去没有意义。
51．Don't take it for granted that...别认为……理所当然。
Don't take it for granted that your parents should support you all your life.
别以为你父母养你一辈子是天经地义的事。
52．I feel very honored to do sth.我觉得做某事很荣幸。
I feel very honored to be a member of this team.
能成为这个队的一员我深感荣幸。
53．I find it hard for me to do sth.我觉得做某事对我来说很难。
I find it hard for me to make a speech in public.
我觉得在公众场合做演讲对我来说很难。
54．I'd appreciate it if you could...假如你能……我会不胜感激。
I'd appreciate it if you could spare some time to look into it.
假如你能抽出时间调查此事我将会非常感激。
55．I don't think it necessary to...我认为没有必要……
I don't think it necessary to tell him about it.
我认为没有必要告诉他这件事。
56．...make it possible for sb.to do sth.……使某人做某事成为可能。
Advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
医疗技术的进步已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
57．prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……
I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping on such a humid day.
在这样潮湿的天气里我宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物。
58．As far as I'm concerned, ...就我而言，……
As far as I'm concerned, I think we should pay more attention to the safety of school children.
就我而言，我认为我们应该更关注在校儿童的安全问题。
59．I want to express my gratitude to...我想感谢……
I want to express my gratitude to my family for their support.
我想感谢我的家人给我的支持。
60．Different people hold different attitudes towards...对于……人们的态度各不相同。
Different people hold different attitudes towards whether to build a dam.
对于是否修建大坝人们的态度各不相同。语法层面的词形转换
Group 1　名词变复数
1．可数名词变复数规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般直接加-s book→books；tree→trees；apple→apples
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es。以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，直接加-s company→companies；city→cities; day→days；boy→boys; guy→guys; monkey→monkeys
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，加-es。但一定要注意：以-th结尾的名词加-s；如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s bus→buses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes, month→months; strength→ strengths, stomach→stomachs
以-o结尾的有的加-es，有的直接加-s hero→heroes；potato→potatoes; tomato→tomatoes; radio→radios; piano→pianos
以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es；但也有的直接加-s knife→knives；wolf→wolves; roof→roofs; chief→chiefs
2．可数名词变复数不规则变化
变化规则 例词
通过内部元音变化构成复数 foot→feet; goose→geese; tooth→teeth；mouse→mice; man→men; woman→women; policeman→ policemen注意：German→Germans; human→humans
有些名词的单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep; deer→deer; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese; means→means；series→series; species→species
有的名词在词尾加-en构成复数 child→children；ox→oxen
Group 2　代词的变化
人称 单复数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
Group 3　形容词/副词变比较级和最高级
1．规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般单音节词后面直接加-er，-est tall→taller→tallest；cheap→cheaper→cheapest; short→shorter→shortest
以不发音的e结尾的词只加-r，-st late→later→latest；large→larger→largest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，改y为i再加-er，-est easy→easier→easiest；pretty→prettier→prettiest; heavy→heavier→heaviest
以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词)，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er，-est thin→thinner→thinnest；hot→hotter→hottest; big→bigger→biggest
大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加more, most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful; serious→more serious→most serious
由-ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)，只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 interesting→more interesting→most interesting; boring→more boring→most boring; excited→more excited→most excited; tired→more tired→most tired
注意：(1)少部分双音节词是以-er，-y，-ow和-le结尾的单词，直接加-er，-est或者-r，-st如：clever，early, yellow, narrow, simple等。
(2)下列形容词没有比较级和最高级(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)，如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct等。
2．不规则变化
单词 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
Group 4　动词变单数第三人称，过去式/过去分词和现在分词
形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词
单数第三人称 一般情况 直接加-s look—lookswrite—writes
以-ch，-sh，-s，-x结尾 加-es teach—teachesfinish—finishesguess—guessesmix—mixes
以-o结尾 加-es do—doesgo—goes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i加-es try—triescry—cries
过去式/过去分词 一般情况 直接加-ed stay—stayedlook—looked
以不发音e结尾　 直接加-d decide—decidedhope—hoped
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ed stop—stoppedadmit—admitted
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i加-ed carry—carriedtry—tried
现在分词 一般情况 直接加-ing go—goingread—reading
以不发音e结尾　　 去e加-ing have—havingwrite—writing
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ing cut—cuttingrun—running
Group 5　数词的变化
1．基数词
规律 单词
1～12为独立单词 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve
13～19以-teen结尾构成 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20～90整十的数字以-ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
2．序数词
规律 单词
1～3为独立单词 first, second, third
4～19基数词词尾加-th fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, nineteenth注意：fifth第五　eighth第八ninth第九　twelfth第十二
20～90变y为ie再加-th twentieth第二十，ninetieth第九十
两位数或多位数只变个位数； hundred, thousand等只在词尾加-th twenty-third第二十三；one hundredth第一百
3．分数
构成 例词
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子为1，分母用单数，分子大于1，分母用复数 a quarter四分之一，two thirds三分之二
假分数：基数词＋and＋分数 two and three fifths二又五分之三；five and four sevenths五又七分之四阅读高频障碍词汇
请将记忆不牢的单词在□内做出标记，以便重点攻克
A
□abnormally adv．不正常地
□absolute adj．完全的，全部的，绝对的，十足的，地道的
□abundant adj．大量的，丰盛的，充裕的
□accomplish v．完成(任务)，达到(目的)，实现(计划、诺言等)
□accumulate v．积累，积聚，增加
□accuse v．控告；指责，指控
□acknowledge v．承认(权威或主张)，告知(信件、礼物等)已收到，对(礼物等)表示谢意，对……打招呼，理会
□acquire v．获得，得到，学到
□adapt v．使适应，使适合，改编
□adjustment n．调整，适应，调节，修正
□admission n．准入，接纳，入场费，承认
□adolescence n．青春，青春期
□adolescent n．青少年　adj．青春期的，青春的，青少年的
□adopt v．收养，领养，采用，采取，正式通过，批准(尤以投票方式)
□adore v．(不用于进行时)热爱，敬慕，崇拜，钟爱，很喜欢，爱慕某人
□adventure n．冒险；奇遇
□advertise v．为……做广告，登广告
□advocate v．拥护，支持，提倡，鼓吹　n．鼓吹者，提倡者，拥护者，辩护人，律师
□affection n．喜爱，钟爱，挚爱
□agency n．代理机构，经销处，代理处，机构，(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
□alcoholic adj．含酒精的　n．酒鬼，酗酒者
□allergic adj．过敏的，厌恶的，过敏引起的
□allocate v．拨给，分配；分配……给
□alternative adj．可供替代的，两者择一的，供选择的　n．供选择的东西，选择的余地
□ambition n．目标，野心，雄心，抱负，追求，夙愿
□ambulance n．救护车
□amount n．金额，数量　v．总计
□ample adj．足够的，丰裕的，富裕的，宽敞的，面积大的
□analyze v．分析
□analysis n．分析，分析结果
□ancient adj．古代的，古老的
□annoy v．(使)烦恼
□annual adj．每年的，年度的，一年一次的
□apparent adj．显而易见的，表面上的，貌似……的，明白的
□appeal v．上诉，申诉，有吸引力　n．吸引力，上诉，申诉，募捐，呼吁
□applaud v．鼓掌，赞许，赞赏，欢呼，向……鼓掌
□applicant n．申请人
□application n．申请，应用
□approve v．赞成，同意，批准，通过(计划、要求等)
□argue vi．争辩，争论　vt．主张，认为，证明
□argument n．争论，辩论
□arise vi．起来，升起；出现，呈现，(由……而)引起，(由……)产生
□arrange v．安排，布置
□arrangement n．安排，布置，筹划
□aspect n．方面，外观，外表
□assess v．评价，评定(性质、质量)
□assessment n．看法，评价
□assistance n．帮助，援助，支持
□associate v．联想，联系，结交，交往，使联合，使有联系　n．合伙人，伙伴，同事　adj．副的，联合的
□association n．协会，社团，联系
□assume v．假定，假设，承担，呈现
□assumption n．假定，假设，担任
□atmosphere n．大气；气氛，环境
□attempt vt．试图，尝试　n．尝试，努力，企图
□attraction n．吸引，爱慕，吸引力，具有吸引力的人或物
□available adj．可获得的，有空的，可用的，可得到的
B
□background n．背景
□backward(s) adv．向后地
□ban n．禁令，禁止　v．禁止；取缔
□bare adj．裸露的，光秃秃的，无遮蔽的，无掩护的，勉强的　v．露出，暴露
□bargain n．(经讨价还价后)成交的商品；廉价货
v．讨价还价
□barrier n．屏障，障碍，关卡
□bathe v．洗澡；游泳　n．游泳
□behalf n．利益，方面，代表某人，为了某人
□behave v．守规矩，表现，做出反应，发生作用，举止规矩有礼，检点
□beneath prep．在……下方(面)，(指地位等)低于，次于
□bid v．出价，喊价，命令，吩咐，投标，向(某人)道别　n．喊价，出价，努力争取
□biography n．传记
□bless vt．祝福；保佑；赞美
□block n．大块；(木、石等)块；街区；路障　vt．阻塞；阻挡
□board n．木板；布告牌；委员会；(政府的)部
v．上(船、火车、飞机)
□bonus n．津贴，奖金，额外给予的东西
□boom v．繁荣，轰鸣，激增　n．隆隆声，(营业等的)激增，(经济等的)繁荣
□botanical adj．植物学的
□botany n．植物；植物学
□bounce v．使弹起，蹦，上下晃动　n．弹跳，跳动
□branch n．树枝，分枝；分公司，分店；分支部，分支机构，分局
□brand n．品牌，商标　vt．打烙印于，加污名于
□break v．打破(断，碎)；损坏，撕开，违背，阻挡，使中断，(天)破晓　n．休息，暂停，课间休息
□breakthrough n．重大进展，突破
□breath n．气息；呼吸
□breathe v．呼吸
□breathless adj．气喘吁吁的，停止呼吸的，死的，喘不过来气的
□brief adj．简洁的，简短的
□broad adj．宽广的
□broadcast v．广播
□brochure n．资料(或广告)手册
□budget n．预算，预算拨款　v．编制预算　adj．低廉的，经济的
□buffet n．自助餐　v．对……打来打去
□burst v．使爆裂，使破裂，突然发生　n．(感情等的)爆发，破裂，爆炸
□bury vt．埋葬；覆盖
□button n．纽扣；(电铃等的)按钮　v．扣(纽扣)，用纽扣挂住
C
□campaign n．运动，战役　v．参加，发起运动
□cancel v．取消，撤销
□candidate n．候选人，投考者
□cartoon n．动画片，卡通
□casual adj．偶然的，碰巧的，非正式的，临时的，不定期的
□cautious adj．小心的，谨慎的
□ceremony n．典礼，仪式，礼节
□certificate n．证明，证明书，文凭
□character n．特征，特性，性格；角色，人物；(汉)字，字体；品格
□classify v．把……分类，把……归类
□complex adj．难以理解的，复杂的　n．集合体，综合体
□confirm v．使坚定，证实，证明，确认
□consult v．请教，查阅，查看，交换意见，商议，咨询，商量
□convey v．运输，传送，表达，传递(思想、感情等)
□convince v．使确信，使信服，劝服，说服
D
□deadline n．最后期限，截止日期
□declare v．宣言，声称，声明；断言
□decline v．减少，下降，衰退，谢绝，婉拒
□decorate v．装饰，修饰
□deliver v．投递，传送(信件，邮包等)；发表，宣布；交付
E
□editor n．编辑
□electric adj．电的
□emergency n．紧急情况或状态
□especially adv．特别，尤其
□example n．例子；榜样
□exchange n．交换，调换；交流
□expand v．扩大，增加，扩展
□explore v．探险，勘察，考查，探索，探究
□explorer n．探险者
□export n．& v．出口；输出
□expose vt．揭露，露出，显露，使面临
□express vt．表达；表示　n．快车，特快专递
□extension n．扩大，延伸，扩建，电话分机，分机号码
□extraordinary adj．非凡的，异乎寻常的
F
□fantastic adj．(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的
□fare n．(车或船的)费用，票(价)
□fault n．缺点，毛病，错误
□feast n．盛宴，宴会，(宗教的)节日
□federal adj．中央的，(政府)联邦的，联邦政府的
□female adj．女的；女性的；雌性的　n．雌性动物；女人
□fight n．打仗(架)，战斗　v．与……打架，争论
□finance n．资金，财政，财务，金融　v．为……筹集资金
□fit adj．健康的，适合的，适当的　v．(使)适合，装进，可容纳
□fix v．使固定，修理；安装；确定，决定，安排
□flash n．闪光；转瞬间 v．使闪光
□flexible adj．易弯曲的，柔韧的，可弯曲的，灵活的，可变动的
□fluent adj．(外语)流利的，流畅的
□foggy adj．多雾的
□follow v．跟随，接着，沿着，顺着；听懂，理解；仿效；跟得上
□forecast n．& v．预告，预测
□fun n．有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑
□furniture n．(总称)家具
G
□glance v．匆匆一看；一瞥
□glare v．怒目而视，闪耀 n．瞪眼，刺眼的强光
□globe n．地球仪，地球，球体
□glory n．巨大的光荣；荣誉；赞美
□graduate v．毕业
□grasp v．抓住，紧握；理解，领会
□guarantee n．保证，保证书，担保
□guidance n．引导，指导
H
□handle n．柄，把手　v．处理，应付，拿，触
□hardship n．困难
□headline n．(报刊的)大字标题
□hobby n．业余爱好，嗜好
I
□identity n．同一性；一致；身份；本体
□idiom n．习语，成语
□ignore v．忽视，不理
□illegal adj．不合法的，非法的
□immigration n．移民
□incident n．事件，冲突
□income n．收入，所得
□independent adj．独立的，有主见的
□indicate v．表明，预示，表示
□information n．信息
□insert vt．插入　n．插页广告，插入物
□inspect v．检查；检验；审视
□instant adj．立即的；立刻的
□institute n．(研究)所，院，学院
□insure v．给……保险，为……投保
□intelligence n．智力，情报
□interrupt v．打扰，打断
J
□journalist n．记者，新闻工作者
□justice n．正义；公正；司法
M
□magic adj．有魔力的　n．魔法，魔力，魅力
□mature adj．成熟的，成年人的，深思熟虑的，慎重的
□measure v．测量，衡量，量度为　n．量度尺寸，措施
□merchant adj．商业的；商人的　n．商人；生意人
□minister n．部长；牧师
□mineral n．矿物质，矿物
□motivation n．(做事的)动机，原因，动力，积极性
N
□nutrition n．营养
O
□occupation n．职业，工作，占用
P
□particular adj．特殊的，个别的
□permanent adj．永久的，永恒的
□plain adj．清楚的，明显的，简单的，坦诚的　n．平原，旷野
□policy n．政策，方针
□precious adj．宝贵的，珍贵的
□previous adj．(时间或顺序上)稍前的，以前的
□primary adj．首要的；初级的
□process n．过程，制作法，工序　v．加工，处理
□profession n．(需要有高等教育学位的)职业(如医生或律师)，专业
□profit n．利润，收益，益处
□pronunciation n．发音
□punctual adj．准时的
□purchase v．买，购买，采购　n．购买的物品
R
□random adj．随意的，未经事先考虑的
□range v．变化，变动，排序　n．幅度，一系列，山脉
□react v．起反应，有影响
□reception n．接待，招待会
□reform v．& n．改革，改进
□refresh v．使恢复精力，提醒，使记忆力恢复，补充，使恢复活力
□register n．登记簿　v．登记
□relate v．有关；涉及；使……有联系
□represent v．代表
□reputation n．名声，名誉
□resist v．抵抗；抵挡
S
□standard n．& adj．标准(的)
□strike v．(钟)敲(响)，打，撞，击，打动，感动，擦火柴，(灾害等)突然袭击　n．罢工，钟鸣
□studio n．工作室，演播室
□survive v．幸存，存活，幸免于，比……活得长
T
□target n．目标，对象，靶子　v．把……作为攻击目标，把……对准
□tradition n．传统，风俗，惯例
□trick n．诡计，骗局，恶作剧，戏法，诀窍　v．欺骗，欺诈
□typical adj．典型的，有代表性的
U
□understanding n．领会；理解，谅解
□urge v．敦促，催促，力劝，强烈主张，鼓励，促进
n．强烈欲望，迫切要求
V
□vain adj．自负的，自视过高的，徒劳的，无效的
□value n．价值，益处　vt．尊重，重视；评价，估价
□violence n．暴力，猛烈，剧烈
□visual adj．视觉的
□vital adj．必不可少的，极其重要的，维持生命活动所必需的，充满活力的
W
□weigh v．称……的重量，重(若干)
□welfare n．福利
□withdraw v．撤回，撤离，收回，缩回，使退出，提取
□witness v．& n．目击者，证人，目击，目睹，亲身经历
完形填空高频选项词汇
请将记忆不牢的单词在□内做出标记，以便重点攻克
A
□anxiety n．担忧，焦虑，渴望
□anxious adj．忧虑的，焦急的，渴望的
□apart adv．相隔，相距，除外
□appearance n．出现，露面；容貌，外表，外观
□appoint v．任命，委任，安排；确定(时间、地点)，指定，约定
□appreciate v．欣赏；感激，理解
□appreciation n．欣赏，鉴定，评估；感激，理解
□approach n．途径，方式，方法　v．靠近，接近；建议，要求
□arrival n．到来，到达，到达者，到达物
□ashamed adj．惭愧的，害臊的，羞耻的
□assist v．帮助，协助，援助
□attach v．把……固定，重视，系，贴，连接，使附属，使依恋
□attack v．& n．攻击，袭击，侵害，(疾病等的)突然发作
□avoid v．避免，躲开，逃避，回避
□awkward adj．令人尴尬的，使人难堪的
B
□basic adj．基本的，基础的
□behaviour n．行为，举止
□believe v．相信，认为
□besides prep．除……外(还有……)　adv．此外，而且
□beyond prep．(表示位置)在……较远的一边，超过，迟于
□bitter adj．有苦味的，心酸的
□blame n．& v．责备；责怪，埋怨
□brave adj．勇敢的
□bravery n．勇气
□broad adj．宽的，宽大的
□burden n．(义务、责任的)重担，负担　v．烦扰，使负重，装载
C
□calm adj．镇静的，沉着的，平静的　v．镇静，使平静下来
□care n．照料，保护，忧虑　v．介意，在乎；关心
□carve vt．刻；雕刻
□change n．零钱；找头　v．改变，更换；兑换
□cheat n．& v．骗取，哄骗；作弊，舞弊
□cheerful adj．兴高采烈的，快活的
□choice n．选择；抉择
□circumstance n．条件，环境，状况，情况
□clap v．拍手；鼓掌　n．拍手(声)
□clean v．弄干净，擦干净　adj．清洁的，干净的
□colleague n．同事
□colour n．颜色　v．给……着色，涂色
□combine vt．使联合；使结合；同时做(两件完全不同的事)
□comfort n．安慰；慰问　v．安慰；慰问，慰藉
□comfortable adj．舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的
□comment n．评论
□communication n．交际，交往；通讯
□company n．公司；商号；交往，陪伴；伙伴
□challenge n．挑战(性)　v．向……挑战
□chance n．机会，可能性
□conclusion n．结论；结束，推论
□condition n．条件，状况，境况，状态
□confuse v．使迷惑，混淆，使混乱，搞乱
□consequence n．结果，后果
□continue v．继续，延续
□contribute v．贡献，捐献；投稿
□contribution n．贡献
□convenient adj．便利的，方便的
□correct v．改正；纠正　adj．正确的，对的；恰当的
□cost v．值(钱)，花费，使付出代价　n．价格，费用，代价
□courage n．勇气；胆略，胆量
□cover n．盖子；罩；封面　v．覆盖，遮盖；掩盖；走过；占(多少面积、时间)；采访，报道；够支付
□crazy adj．疯狂的，热衷的，着迷的，精神失常的
□crowd n．人群，一群人，一伙人　v．拥挤，涌上(心头)
□cure v．治疗；医治，治愈，纠正，矫正，消除(弊病等)　n．疗法，药方；对策，措施
□curious adj．好奇的
D
□decade n．十年期
□decide v．决定，决断；判决；下决心
□deed n．行为；事迹；行动
□defend vt．防守；保卫；辩护
□delay v．& n．拖延，延误，延迟，延期
□deliberately adv．故意地，蓄意地，存心地
□describe vt．描写，叙述，描述
□design v．设计，策划　n．图案，图样，样式
□destroy vt．破坏，毁坏
□determine v．决定；直接影响，确定
□different adj．不同的，有差异的
□dig v．挖(洞、沟)，掘
□digest v．消化，领会
□direction n．方向；方位；指示
□dirty adj．脏的；卑劣的
□disappointment n．失望；沮丧
□discover v．发现
□disturb v．扰乱，打扰；使惊讶，使焦虑
□draw v．绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取(金钱)；引起，招致；领取
□dream n．& v．梦，梦想
□drive v．驾驶，开(车)；驱赶，驱使；把(钉、桩等)打入；开车去
□drop n．滴；下跌，下降　v．掉下，落下；投递；放弃；顺便造访，使下落，扔
□during prep．在……期间；在……过程中；在……的时候
E
□eagerly adv．渴望地，热切地
□earn vt．挣得，赚得，赢得
□easy adj．容易的，不费力的，舒适的
□education n．教育，培养
□embarrass v．使窘迫，尴尬，使不好意思
□empty adj．空的　v．(使)变空
□energy n．精力，能量
□enjoy vt．欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢
□enjoyable adj．愉快的；有趣的
□enter v．进入；参加；输入
□entertainment n．娱乐
□enthusiastic adj．热情的，热心的
□entrance n．入口；入场；进入的权利；入学许可；进入
□environment n．环境
□envy vt．& n．妒忌；羡慕
□equal adj．平等的　vt．等于，使等于；比得上　n．相等的事物；相同的人
□equipment n．装备，设备
□escape n．& v．逃跑；逃脱
□even adv．甚至，连(……都)；更
□eventually adv．最终地
□excellent adj．极好的，优秀的
□excite vt．使兴奋，使激动
□expect vt．预料；盼望；认为
□expensive adj．昂贵的
□experiment n．实验　vi．做实验
□explain v．解释，说明
□extra adj．额外的，外加的　adv．特别地
□extremely adv．极其地，非常地
F
□fade vi．褪色，消退
□failure n．失败；失败者
□fair adj．公平的，合理的；(肤色)白皙的　n．集市；庙会；展览会
□faith n．信仰；信念；信心
□fall v．落(下)，降落；砍/击倒　n．秋季；下跌
□familiar adj．熟悉的
□feel v．& n．感觉，觉得；触摸
□finally adv．最后地；终于
□find vt．找到，发现，感到
□finish v．结束；做完　n．结尾
□fire n．火；火炉；火灾　vi．开(枪、炮等)，射击；解雇
□firm n．公司；企业　adj．坚固的，坚定的
□fond adj．喜爱的，爱好的
□forbid vt．禁止，不许
□forget v．忘记；忘掉
□forgive v．原谅，宽恕
□form n．表格；形式；结构　v．形成；建立
□fortunately adv．幸运地；吉利地
□fortune n．财产；运气
□freedom n．自由
□freeze vi．结冰；粘住不动
□frequently adv．经常地；频繁地
□friendly adj．友好的
□friendship n．友谊，友情
□frighten vt．使惊恐，吓唬
□front adj．前面的；前部的　n．前面；前部；前线
□function n．作用，功能　v．运转；工作；运行
□future n．将来；未来；前途　adj．将来的；未来的
G
□gain n．受益　v．赢得；挣得；获得；增加
□game n．游戏；运动；比赛
□gather v．聚集
□generally adv．大体上，普遍地
□generous adj．慷慨大方的，宽厚的，宽宏大量的；大量的
□gift n．赠品；礼物，天赋
□goal n．(足球)球门，目标
□graduation n．毕业，毕业典礼
□gratefully adv．感激地，感谢地
□greedy adj．贪婪的
□greet vt．问候；向……致敬
□guess v．猜，猜出，想　n．猜测
□guide n．向导，指南，导游　v．引导
□guilty adj．有罪的，犯法的，内疚的
H
□habit n．习惯
□half adj．& n．半，一半(的)
□hand n．手；指针；帮忙，支援　v．递；给；交付，交上
□happen vi．(偶然)遇到，发生，碰巧
□hard adv．努力地；使劲地；猛烈地　adj．硬的；困难的；艰难的
□hardly adv．几乎不
□harmful adj．有害的；导致损害的
□hate v．& n．恨，讨厌
□head n．头；头脑；才智；首脑；源头；标题　adj．头部的；主要的；首席的　v．率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向
□height n．高，高度
□help n．& v．帮助，帮忙
□hire v．租用，雇用　n．租借
□hold v．拿；容纳；握住；举行；进行　n．抓住；控制
□holiday n．假日；假期
□honest adj．诚实的，正直的
□hope n．& v．希望
□hopefully adv．充满希望地
□hopeless adj．没有希望的，不可救药的
□however adv．可是　conj．然而，可是，尽管如此，不管用什么方法
□hurry v．赶快　n．急忙
I
□impossible adj．不可能的
□innocent adj．天真无邪的，清白的
□inspire vt．鼓舞；激发
□instead adv．代替，顶替
□instruction n．说明，须知
□interest n．兴趣，趣味；利息，利益，好处　vt．使……感兴趣
□interesting adj．有趣的
□interview n．& vt．采访，会见，面试
M
□main adj．主要的
□manner n．方式，态度，举止，礼貌
□march n．游行，行进，行军
□mean v．意思是；意欲
□merry adj．欢乐的，愉快的
□mix v．混合，混淆
□monitor n．(班级内的)班长；监视器
□move v．移动，搬动，搬家，使感动
N
□national adj．国家的，国有的，民族的
□nature n．自然界，性质，本性，天性
□nervous adj．紧张不安的
□noisy adj．喧闹的，嘈杂的
□normal n．正常　adj．(状态)正常的
□note n．便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调　vt．记下，记录；注意
□notice n．布告，通知；注意　vt．注意到
O
□observe v．观察，看到，注意到，遵守，庆贺，观测
□once n．& adv．一次，一度，曾经　conj．一旦
□only adj．唯一的，仅有的　adv．仅仅，只，才
□open adj．开着的，未封的，开的　vt．开，打开
□operation n．手术，操作
□opinion n．看法，见解
□optimistic adj．乐观的
□otherwise adv．要不然，否则；在其他方面
□outgoing adj．爱交际的，外向的，对人友好的
□owe v．欠(债等)，归功于
P
□pain n．疼痛，疼
□painful adj．痛的，痛苦的
□pass v．传递，经过　n．通行证
□passenger n．乘客，旅客
□patience n．容忍；耐心
□pattern n．模式；样品
□perfect adj．完美的，极好的　vt．使完善；使完美
□picture n．图片，照片
□place n．地方　v．放置
□plan n．计划，方案　v．计划，筹划
□play v．玩；打(球)；比赛；扮演，假装　n．玩耍，戏剧
□pleased adj．高兴的，满意的
□pleasure n．高兴，愉快，乐事
□positive adj．确信的，乐观的，积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的
□possess vt．占有；拥有
□poster n．(贴在公共场所的大型)招贴；广告(画)，海报
□potential adj．潜在的，可能的　n．可能性，潜在性，潜力，潜能
□power n．权力，势力，力，动力，电力，强国
□powerful adj．效力大的，强有力的，强大的
□practical adj．实际的，实用的
□practice n．练习
□praise n．& v．赞扬，表扬
□predict v．预言，预告，预测
□pressure n．压迫，压力，压强
□preview vt．预习；试演；预演
□pride n．自豪，骄傲
□principle n．原理，原则，信条
□prize n．奖赏，奖品　adj．优秀的；获奖的
□problem n．问题，难题
□produce v．生产；制造；展现，制作
□progress n．进步，上进　vi．进展，进行
□prohibit v．禁止，阻止
□promise n．答应，允诺　v．使有可能，许诺
□proud adj．自豪的，骄傲的
□publish v．出版，发行，公布，发表
□pull v．拉，拖　n．拉力，引力
□punish v．惩罚，处罚
□put vt．放，摆
Q
□quarrel vi．争吵，吵架　n．口角，吵架
□question v．询问　n．问题
□quiet adj．安静的；寂静的
□quit v．离开，退出，停止，辞职
R
□rank n．职衔，军衔
□read v．读，了解，写着
□realize vt．认识到，实现
□reason v．分析，推断，评理，劝说　n．理由，原因
□reasonable adj．合乎情理的
□recite v．背诵
□regular adj．规则的，有规律的，定期的
□reject v．拒绝　n．次品
□relief n．安慰，欣慰，减轻，缓解
□repair n．& v．修理，修补
□repeat v．重说，重做　n．重现，重复
□reply n．回答，答复
□report n．& v．报道，报告
□reporter n．记者
□requirement n．需要；要求
□rescue vt．营救，援救
□research n．研究，调查
□respond v．作答，响应
□responsibility n．责任，职责
□responsible adj．有责任的，负责的
□rest n．休息；剩余部分，其余的人(或物)　v．休息，歇息
□review v．重新调查；回顾；复习　n．复查；复习；评论
□rule n．规则，规定　v．统治，支配
□run v．跑，奔跑；管理，经营，运转，开动，流动
S
□same pron．同样的人或事　adj．同样的，同一的
□satisfaction n．满意
□save v．救，挽救，节省，积攒
□scene n．(戏剧、电影等的)一场，场景，布景；现场；景色
□scientific adj．科学的
□search n．& v．搜寻，搜查，寻找
□seize v．抓住(时机等)，夺取，抢占
□seldom adv．很少，不常
□select v．选择，挑选，选拔

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