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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年高一英语期末考试专项复习
语法填空专项练习15篇（含答案解析）
期末真题+名校模拟
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The most popular martial arts today 1 (original) appeared in Asia, especially in China. The reason 2 a large number of martial arts were invented was that people needed to defend 3 (they) or protect others. Nowadays, martial arts 4 (refer) to as either soft or hard, implying a way of coping 5 the opponent’s force.
In 6 (real), Chinese influence in martial arts was so great 7 in the 16th century, a training method from Ji Xiao Xin Shu, 8 (write) by the famed Chinese general Qi Jiguang, was adopted in the Korean army as 9 effective way to train large quantities of troops 10 (fight)against the invasion of the Japanese army.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Traveling to China seems like traveling to another world. Its many famous scenic attractions impressed me 11 (deep),” an American said. The following is 12 he wrote on his website.
My friends and I had a family visit in Xi’an, 13 old city with a long history in China. The hosts, 14 were retired or stayed at home without a job, were friendly to 15 (visit) from different countries coming to their homes.
We tasted the true home-cooked dishes in the home of the family that we visited. For in-homing dinner, the host would prepare a list of menus in advance (提前). Our tour guide asked 16 (we) for advice about the food, so the host would try to cook what we wanted to eat at his home. We just enjoyed the locally cooked dishes. It was quite a different and exciting experience.
Many foreigners enjoy 17 (learn) how to make Chinese dumplings. We 18 (offer) a general cooking class in the local family. The host taught us to make dumplings step by step with lots of 19 (patient). And we didn’t need to pay any money 20 this. Travel China Guide offers this kind of service free of charge.
The family visit in Xi’an was a good chance for us to get to know Chinese people’s daily life.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am Li Ying. I like to set 21 (goal) for myself. I am a "go-better" — when I set out to do something, I try 22 best to achieve it.
Senior high school is a new start. Studying is definitely 23 big part of my life. Usually I set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. My aim is to do well in every subject this term. I 24 (attract) to Biology especially and hope to get a degree (学位) in biology at university. I pay all my attention to the lesson in every class and my teachers say that I am a very 25 (focus) student. I think actively in class 26 well. I mean 27 (balance) my school life by fully applying myself (努力) in class to studying and 28 (spend) the rest of my time at school on other things, like reading and sports. I find it is much tougher for me to achieve this 29 it was back in junior high school. Fortunately, I get great 30 (encourage) from both my parents and teachers, who have confidence in my ability to manage my time well.
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Exercise is one of the best 31 (thing) you can do for health. But how about your sleep The answer is that being active during 32 day can improve sleep at night.
People who exercise 33 (regular) get better sleep than those who don’t. Exercise increases chemicals which can increase the body temperature. That may lead to the decrease of body temperature at night, allowing people 34 (experience) deeper sleep.
For most people, the time 35 they take exercise doesn’t matter. However, late afternoon might be the best choice for too much exercise. Morning might be a choice 36 (prefer) by people for ongoing training. And make it a regular part of your routine to keep up once the best type of exercise for yourself 37 (decide).
As for the amount of exercise, it is wise to work out about 150 minutes every week, 38 about 30 minutes each day, five days a week. Little things you do all day long can add up, from taking the stairs 39 walking instead of driving. Try to spend fewer minutes 40 (sit) all the day.
语法填空
Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes
Voyages of people from England play an important part in spreading 41 English language. At present, English is frequently spoken 42 an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All 43 (base) on British English, the English spoken in these countries can 44 (understand) by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes 45 (change) gradually in accents, spellings, expressions and the 46 (use) of vocabulary.
Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell 47 country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands 48 driver, “Come up straight to my apartment by elevator 49 take some gas for my trucks and cabs”, instead of requesting, “Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis”, you can recognize his American identity, 50 the latter suggests that he is British.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On social platform Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts 51 (increase) by 700 percent over the past three months.
A city walk is 52 form of urban tourism originating in the UK. Unlike traditional sightseeing, 53 aims to hit famous attractions, usually by vehicles with tense schedules, city walk is about “roaming” (漫步) around a city on foot, feeling the atmosphere and 54 (find) unusual things. Such walks generally take you to places 55 you can have real interactions with the local people, eat at small but authentic restaurants, and gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city.
By “roaming” on foot, city walkers can better feel the texture and listen to the 56 (breathe) of a place. They seek pleasure 57 (much) through connection than consumption, which indicates a deep cultural curiosity.
The appeal of a city walk lies in the young generation’s changing attitude 58 life. While roaming along the road, you can 59 (complete) focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way 60 (love) yourself and benefit your mental health.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
“I want my video 61 (record) my high school memory and that of everyone in China who has gone through gaokao,” said Lian Yingcheng, 20, a student from Shenzhen University. The 18-minute vlog of his three-year high school life got over 1 million views on Bilibili.
62 , Lian said that he didn’t expect this video to go viral at all when he was making 63 . “I have loved using videos to record my life for a long time,” Lian said. “The idea of this long vlog 64 (be) in my mind since I started high school.”
Throughout the three years of high school life, Lian’s camera went everywhere. No matter if it was a tug-of-war activity (拔河比赛), before a big exam, or 65 (simple) just a Tuesday noon when everyone was running toward the canteen, Lian was always there to capture the 66 (react) of him and his classmates. “I didn’t want to deliberately design any scene,” he said. That’s why his video is more like a documentary.
With Lian’s narration in the background, the video tells the story of an ordinary high school boy 67 struggles to fight gaokao, constantly questioning himself and rebuilding his confidence. The friendship between him and his classmates and his broad outlook after failure 68 (reflect ) in the scenes and his vivid words. “The 69 (origin) idea in my mind was to tell 70 encouraging story of gaokao, but then my gaokao result didn’t turn out that well. After dealing with the pain, I realized that accepting failure and regrets is a more important lesson to learn than ‘getting my wish’,” Lian said.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In my opinion, we should try 71 (we) best to reach our goals even though there is little hope. The efforts seem to be the lights in the darkness, 72 lead the way to hope and success.
I used to be 73 shy girl in my primary school. I was weak in English at that time, especially 74 (speak) English. So I was afraid to answer the teacher’s questions during English classes. After I entered my dream middle school, something 75 (change). I started to read many interesting English stories and my English teacher helped me a lot 76 patience. I studied hard in class and practised by 77 (watch) English films and listening to English songs in my free time. As time went by, it became more and more enjoyable for me 78 (learn) English. I could even talk with my classmates 79 (fluent) in English and I was not shy any more. At last, I got high grades in English and I had 80 (confident) to do it better in the future.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Russian visitors have flocked (涌入) to Heihe in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang province to have breakfast after a visa-free policy was launched for cross-border travel between Heihe and Russia’s Blagoveshchensk 81 September 21.
As one of China’s pioneering border cities, Heihe city and the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk 82 (be) a mere few hundred meters apart on foot, with a swift 7-minute boat ride connecting them. Local residents emphasize that the cost of living in Russia is 5 to 6 times 83 (high) than in Heihe.
In Northeastern China, the morning markets are famous for their high-quality yet affordable offerings. They boast a wide selection of fresh, premium produce, 84 (include) vegetables, meats, eggs, and seafood, as well as reasonably priced footwear, head-wear, general merchandise, and local specialties. Over time, these markets 85 (become) a favored destination for tourists looking to experience the authentic (正宗的) local lifestyle.
In late autumn, with golden leaves and the arrival of frost in Northeast China, Heihe 86 (witness) temperatures ranging from -2 ℃ to 9 ℃ during the day. People wore thick coats and layered clothing to beat the cold. When it came to breakfast, there was a 87 (prefer) for warm and hearty soups.
With the resumption of the China-Russia reciprocal visa-free group tourism, 88 number of inbound (入境) and outbound (出境) individuals at the Heihe Port has 89 (significant) increased, driving economic growth in the border city.
According to statistics, during the recent Mid- Autumn Festival and National Day holidays, Heihe welcomed over 600,000 visitors, 90 is a remarkable 184.9 percent compared to the numbers in 2019. The number of inbound and outbound tourists reached 14,683, with more than 2,000 arrivals in a single day.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
The English class on Thursday was 91 (forget). During the class, we 92 (ask) to give a short speech about the first day at senior high. I had never delivered 93 speech in English before, and worse still, I didn’t feel quite at ease speaking in public. I was secretly hoping that nobody would notice me when suddenly I heard my name 94 (call). I was very nervous and stood up with nothing 95 (come) out of my mouth. “Don’t be shy! Just think of your first day at senior high and say 96 you want to express in mind.” The teacher’s words made me relax a bit, and I began to say something. With my shaking voice, I gave my first ever public speech in English 97 (final). It was hard, but it didn’t feel bad.
After school that day, I 98 (decide) to practise my English more often. I believe that by practising more I can improve a lot. While I was trying to pick up the courage 99 (talk) to someone, I heard a kind voice behind me. “Hello, I’m Tom. Nice to meet you.” Sitting side-by-side, he shared with me some tips 100 how to improve my English. The first week of senior high has been quite exciting, and I’m looking forward to making the most of senior high!
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 101 hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 102 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 103 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 104 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 105 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they 106 (be) free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 107 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 108 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 109 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 110 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During my teenage years, I developed a deep love for ballet (芭蕾). I would volunteer at a local dance school 111 was next to my home. It was a great chance for me to be part of the dance community.
One day, there was a debate about the preferred style of ballet among the teachers. Some preferred the traditional ballet, while others 112 (be) more interested in exploring modern movements. I found the content of 113 (they) discussions interesting.
In order to contribute to the dance world, I decided to open my own ballet school and make it 114 (attract). I worked hard to clean up 115 old building and turn it into a beautiful studio (工作室). The greenhouse nearby provided a perfect space for practice and warm-up exercises.
Creating a suitable environment for learning and dancing was important to me. I wanted my students to feel interested. 116 (actual), one of my main challenges was coming up with creative ideas for each class. I wanted each topic to ignite (激发) curiosity and 117 (excite).
I was excited when my first group of freshman 118 (dancer) joined the school. It was easy for them 119 (mix) up the dance steps at first, but with practice, they became more fluent in the movements 120 before.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My last holiday was a five-day trip to Prague in the Czech Republic. I know Prague well because I lived there when I was at university, more 121 ten years ago.
Instead of 122 (stay)in a hotel, I stayed with one of my old 123 (friend). It was so much fun, and a little bit like my old life. I wanted 124 (do)all the same things I did in my university days, so I visited the university. It has changed 125 lot and looks more modern. I also went to the supermarket 126 was near my old house. I loved seeing all the different foods. I was 127 (extreme)happy to find my favourite cheese(奶酪)and chocolate biscuits but they were a bit 128 (expensive)than I remember!
We did some touristy things too. We walked up beautiful Petrin Hill and around the castle. The views of the city were 129 (amaze)up there. We walked across the historic Charles Bridge, went to the TV Tower and 130 (see)the famous baby statues climbing up it. Those things haven’t changed, of course.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recent studies have shown the benefit — even necessity — of 131 (spend) time outdoors, both for kids 132 adults. Some argue that it can be any outdoor environment. Some say it has to be a “green” environment — one with trees and leaves. Most of the studies agree that kids who play outside are 133 (happy) and less anxious ( 焦虑的) than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how 134 (exact) the mood improvements happen, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good 135 kids’ minds.
There are various ways 136 (explore) outdoor environments, from the backyard to the park, and letting a child choose how he treats nature 137 (mean) he has the ability to control his own actions. This style of play also allows kids to interact ( 互动) meaningfully with their environments. They can think more freely, design their own activities, and approach the world in 138 (interest) ways.
Most ways of interacting with nature include more exercise than sitting on the sofa. Kids don’t have to join the local soccer team or ride a bike through the park — even a walk will get their blood pumping ( 流通). Not only is exercise beneficial to kids’ bodies, but it seems to make 139 (they) more focused, which is especially beneficial for kids with ADHD ( 多动症).
So while screen time is the easier, more popular choice, 140 is important to set enough time for outdoor play.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students 141 (bring) out last week, following a plan by central government 142 (include) AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook, 143 (name) “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence”, was written by outstanding 144 (expert) from well-known schools nationwide. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI, but on 145 (practice) use of AI in daily life,” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, 146 is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country 147 (shoulder) the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program 148 introducing the textbook in the curriculum. ‘‘The AI sector is facing a talent shortage 149 (globe). The publication of the book is 150 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ‘Ivory tower’ and makes it part of high school learning,” said Lin Dahua , a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
参考答案：
1．originally 2．why 3．themselves 4．are referred 5．with 6．reality 7．that 8．written 9．an 10．to fight
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了武术的发展史和影响。
1．考查副词。句意：今天最受欢迎的武术最初出现在亚洲，特别是中国。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词originally“最初”，作状语，修饰动词appeared。故填originally。
2．考查定语从句。句意：发明大量武术的原因是人们需要保护自己或保护他人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The reason，指物，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
3．考查反身代词。句意：发明大量武术的原因是人们需要保护自己或保护他人。在that引导的表语从句中，主语为people，结婚句意，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”，作动词defend的宾语。故填themselves。
4．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如今，武术被称为“软”或“硬”，意味着一种应对对手力量的方式。refer to“称为”，结合句意可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语martial arts是名词复数，与refer to为被动关系，故句子用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are referred。
5．考查介词。句意：如今，武术被称为“软”或“硬”，意味着一种应对对手力量的方式。结合句意和空前的coping可知，本空填介词with，cope with“应付”，固定短语。故填with。
6．考查名词。句意：事实上，中国在武术方面的影响力是如此之大，以至于在16世纪，中国著名将领戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的一种训练方法被朝鲜军队采用，作为一种训练大批军队抗击日本侵略军的有效方法。结合句意和空前的In可知，本空填名词reality，in reality“事实上”，固定短语。故填reality。
7．考查固定句型。句意：事实上，中国在武术方面的影响力是如此之大，以至于在16世纪，中国著名将领戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的一种训练方法被朝鲜军队采用，作为一种训练大批军队抗击日本侵略军的有效方法。结合句意和空前的so可知，本空填that，引导结果状语从句。so...that...“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，中国在武术方面的影响力是如此之大，以至于在16世纪，中国著名将领戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的一种训练方法被朝鲜军队采用，作为一种训练大批军队抗击日本侵略军的有效方法。本句谓语为was adopted ，此处应用非谓语动词，且动词write“写”和Ji Xiao Xin Shu之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰Ji Xiao Xin Shu。故填written。
9．考查冠词。句意：事实上，中国在武术方面的影响力是如此之大，以至于在16世纪，中国著名将领戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的一种训练方法被朝鲜军队采用，作为一种训练大批军队抗击日本侵略军的有效方法。此处泛指“一种有效的方法”，effective是以元音音素开头的单词，故不定冠词用an。故填an。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，中国在武术方面的影响力是如此之大，以至于在16世纪，中国著名将领戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的一种训练方法被朝鲜军队采用，作为一种训练大批军队抗击日本侵略军的有效方法。本句谓语为was adopted ，此处应用非谓语动词，故填fight“对抗”的动词不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to fight。
11．deeply 12．what 13．an 14．who 15．visitors 16．us 17．learning 18．were offered 19．patience 20．for
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章分享了一位美国人去西安旅行，拜访当地一个家庭的经历与感受。
11．考查副词。句意：许多著名的景点给我留下了深刻的印象。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词impressed，应用副词deeply，意为“深深地”。故填deeply。
12．考查表语从句。句意：以下是他在自己的网站上写的内容。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句中wrote缺少宾语，结合句意可知，宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
13．考查冠词。句意：我和朋友们去西安拜访一个家庭，这是中国一座历史悠久的古城。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一座”，应用不定冠词，且old的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
14．考查定语从句。句意：主人们或退休，或呆在家里不工作，对到他们家的不同国家的来访者很友好。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词hosts作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。
15．考查名词的数。句意：主人们或退休，或呆在家里不工作，对到他们家的不同国家的来访者很友好。分析句子可知，空处作介词to的宾语，结合from different countries可知，应用名词visitor，意为“来访者”，且不同国家的来访者肯定不止一个，visitor应用复数形式。故填visitors。
16．考查代词。句意：我们的导游问我们关于食物的建议，所以主人会在他家尽量做我们想吃的东西。分析句子可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用代词的宾格形式us。故填us。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多外国人喜欢学习如何包饺子。enjoy doing sth.是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空处应用learn的动名词形式作宾语。故填learning。
18．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当地家庭给我们上了一堂综合烹饪课。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处叙述过去的经历，时态应用一般过去时，offer“提供”和主语We之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语We是复数，be动词应用were。故填were offered。
19．考查名词。句意：主人很有耐心地一步一步地教我们包饺子。分析句子可知，空处作with的宾语，空前有lots of，应用名词patience，意为“耐心”，是不可数名词。故填patience。
20．考查介词。句意：我们不需要为此付钱。根据“pay any money”和“this”可知，此处用固定短语pay money for sth.，意为“为……付钱”。故填for。
21．goals 22．my 23．a 24．am attracted 25．focused/focussed 26．as 27．to balance 28．spending 29．than 30．encouragement
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍作者高中学习计划和情况。
21．考查名词复数。句意：我喜欢为自己设定目标。分析句子可知，goal表“目标”，为可数名词，这里应应用复数泛指。故填goals。
22．考查代词。句意：我是一个“要做得更好”的人——当我开始做某事时，我会尽力去实现它。分析句子可知，这里考查try one’s best to do sth表“尽力做某事”，为固定搭配。故填my。
23．考查冠词。句意：学习绝对是我生活的重要组成部分。分析句子可知，这里考查a part of表“……的一部分”，为固定搭配，big的发音以辅音音素开头， 故填a。
24．考查时态语态。句意：我特别喜欢生物学，希望能在大学里获得生物学学位。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，I与attract为被动关系，用被动语态，且由后文hope可知，这里也应用一般现在时。故填am attracted。
25．考查形容词。句意：我是一个非常专注的学生。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，focused或者focussed表“专注的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填focused或者focussed。
26．考查固定搭配。句意：我在课堂上也积极思考。分析句子可知，这里考查as well表“也”，为副词，为固定搭配。故填as。
27．考查非谓语。句意：我的意思是通过在课堂上全身心投入到学习中，并将剩余的时间花在其他事情上，比如阅读和体育上，来平衡我的学校生活。分析句子可知，这考查mean to do sth表“打算做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to balance。
28．考查非谓语。句意：我的意思是通过在课堂上全身心投入到学习中，并将剩余的时间花在其他事情上，比如阅读和体育上，来平衡我的学校生活。分析句子可知，这里应填动名词结构形式与前面的applying并列作介词 by的宾语。故填spending。
29．考查连词。句意：我发现我比初中时更难做到这一点。分析句子可知，这里表示“比初中时更难”，所以此空应填连词than。故填than。
30．考查名词。句意：幸运的是，我得到了父母和老师的大力鼓励，他们对我管理好时间的能力充满信心。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，encouragement表“鼓励”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填encouragement。
31．things 32．the 33．regularly 34．to experience 35．when 36．preferred 37．is decided/ has been decided 38．or 39．to 40．sitting
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了运动与睡眠之间的关系。
31．考查名词复数。句意：锻炼是你能为健康做的最好的事情之一。thing为可数名词，且其前有one of修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填things。
32．考查冠词。句意：答案是，白天活动可以改善晚上的睡眠。during the day意为“在白天”，为固定搭配。故填the。
33．考查副词。句意：经常锻炼的人比不锻炼的人睡得更好。空处应用副词修饰动词exercise。regularly意为“有规律地，经常”。故填regularly。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能会导致夜间体温下降，让人们体验到更深的睡眠。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to experience。
35．考查定语从句。句意：对大多数人来说，锻炼的时间并不重要。分析句子，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the time，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：早上可能是人们进行持续训练的首选。空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a choice和prefer之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填preferred。
37．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：一旦决定了对自己最好的锻炼方式，就把它作为你日常生活的一部分。once引导的是一个时间状语从句，主语the best type of exercise和decide之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。根据句意，这里表示一旦决定了对自己最好的锻炼方式，可用一般现在时的被动语态，表示现实情况，也可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已完成。故填is decided或has been decided。
38．考查连词。句意：至于运动量，明智的做法是每周锻炼150分钟左右，或者每周锻炼五天，每天锻炼30分钟左右。根据句意，“about 150 minutes every week”和“about 30 minutes each day, five days a week”之间是选择关系，应用or连接并列成分。故填or。
39．考查介词。句意：你一整天做的小事可以加起来，从走楼梯到走路而不是开车。from...to...意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽量减少一整天坐着的时间。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花……时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填sitting。
41．the 42．as 43．based 44．be understood 45．have been changing 46．usage 47．which 48．his 49．and 50．while
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了不同国家的英语有差别。
41．考查定冠词。句意：来自英国人的航行在英语传播中起着重要作用。此处特指英语这种语言，所以要加定冠词。the English language意为“英语”。故填the。
42．考查固定搭配。句意：目前，英语在许多国家经常作为官方语言或通用语言使用，如美国、新加坡、马来西亚和一些非洲国家。根据空后的“an official or common language”可知，这里表示作为官方或通用语言。as意为“作为”。故填as。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些国家说的英语都以英国英语为基础，以英语为母语的人都能听懂。All和base为逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用过去分词，构成独立主格结构。故填based。
44．考查被动语态。句意参考上题。English和understand为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，且空前有can，这里应用be done的形式。故正确答案为 be understood。
45．考查动词时态。句意：但实际上，这些英语在口音、拼写、表达和词汇使用方面都在逐渐发生变化。英语过去一直在改变，以后也会继续改变，应该用现在完成进行时。故填have been changing。
46．考查名词。句意参考上题。此处表示词汇的用法，usages意为“用法”，而且词汇的用法有很多，应用名词复数。故填usages。
47．考查宾语从句。句意：正因为如此，你可以利用这些差异来判断你所在街区的外国人来自哪个国家。空处引导一个宾语从句，作tell的宾语。而且根据句意，你可以根据这些差别来辨别你周围的外国人来自哪个国家，这里应用which，作定语修饰country。故填which。
48．考查人称代词。句意：例如，如果一位老板流利地命令他的司机，“乘电梯直接到我的公寓，给我的卡车和出租车加油”，而不是要求“请乘电梯到我的房子，给我和卡车和出租车带点汽油”，你就可以认出他的美国人身份，而后者则表明他是英国人。根据句中的“his American identity”可知，这个老板是男的，所以应该用his，作定语修饰driver。故填his。
49．考查连词。句意参考上题。“Come up straight to my apartment by elevator”和“take some gas for my trucks and cabs”之间是并列的两个祈使句，应该用and。故填and。
50．考查连词。句意参考第8题。“you can recognize his American identity”和两个“the latter suggests that he is British”之间表示对比，应用while(而)连接并列句。故填while。
51．has increased 52．a 53．which 54．finding 55．where 56．breath 57．more 58．to/towards 59．completely 60．to love
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了城市漫步这种旅游形式，并强调了它在年轻一代中的吸引力。
51．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在社交平台小红书上，数据显示，在过去的三个月里，与城市步行相关的话题帖子数量增长了700%。这里为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past three months”可知，从句时态为现在完成时；主语为“the number”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has increased。
52．考查冠词。句意：城市漫步是一种起源于英国的城市旅游方式。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
53．考查定语从句。句意：与传统的观光不同，传统的观光通常是乘坐交通工具前往著名景点，行程紧凑，而城市漫步则是在城市周围徒步“漫游”，感受城市氛围，发现不同寻常的事物。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“traditional sightseeing”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统的观光不同，传统的观光通常是乘坐交通工具前往著名景点，行程紧凑，而城市漫步则是在城市周围徒步“漫游”，感受城市氛围，发现不同寻常的事物。非谓语动词担当介词“about”后的并列宾语，用动名词形式。故填finding。
55．考查定语从句。句意：这样的散步通常会带你去一些地方，在那里你可以与当地人进行真正的互动，在小而正宗的餐馆吃饭，并更深入地了解这座城市的历史和文化。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“places”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
56．考查名词。句意：通过步行“漫游”，城市步行者可以更好地感受一个地方的质感，倾听一个地方的气息。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，意为“气息”。故填breath。
57．考查固定搭配。句意：他们更多地通过联系而不是消费来寻求快乐，这表明他们对文化有着深刻的好奇心。固定搭配：more…than…，意为“更……”，符合句意。故填more。
58．考查介词。句意：城市漫步的吸引力在于年轻一代对生活态度的转变。名词“attitude”后用介词“to/towards”，表示“对……的态度”，符合句意。故填to/towards。
59．考查副词。句意：当你在路上漫步时，你可以完全专注于自己，倾听自己内心的声音，关心自己的感受，这是一种爱自己，有益于心理健康的方式。修饰动词短语“focus on”用副词形式。故填completely。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在路上漫步时，你可以完全专注于自己，倾听自己内心的声音，关心自己的感受，这是一种爱自己，有益于心理健康的方式。非谓语动词担当后置定语，修饰名词“way”，用动词不定式形式。故填to love。
61．to record 62．However 63．it 64．has been 65．simply 66．reactions 67．who/that 68．are reflected 69．original 70．an
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大学生连英成因为一段记录高中生活的视频走红，介绍了他录制视频背后的原因以及视频的特点。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我希望我的视频能记录下我的高中记忆，以及中国每一个经历过高考的人的记忆，”来自深圳大学的20岁学生连英成说。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词want，所以record用非谓语形式，want somebody to do something，应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to record。
62．考查副词。句意：然而，连说他在制作这个视频的时候根本没有想到这个视频会走红。根据前文“The 18-minute vlog of his three-year high school life got over 1 million views on Bilibili.”以及后文“Lian said that he didn’t expect this video to go viral at all”可知，前文说他的视频播放量高，后文说他没有想到这个视频会走红，所以两者是转折关系，用however引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。
63．考查代词。句意：然而，连说他在制作这个视频的时候根本没有想到这个视频会走红。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意此处应填it代指前文提到的视频。故填it。
64．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从我上高中开始，我就有了这个长视频博客的想法。分析句子结构可知，be动词作本句谓语，根据since可知，用现在完成时，主语是The idea，为第三人称单数。故填has been。
65．考查副词。句意：无论是在一场拔河比赛中，还是在一场大考之前，或者只是在周二的中午，当每个人都朝食堂跑去的时候，连总是在那里捕捉他和同学们的反应。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的just a Tuesday noon when everyone was running toward the canteen作状语，用副词修饰。故填simply。
66．考查名词。句意：无论是在一场拔河比赛中，还是在一场大考之前，或者只是在周二的中午，当每个人都朝食堂跑去的时候，连总是在那里捕捉他和同学们的反应。空前是定冠词，空后应填名词作动词capture的宾语，react的名词形式是reaction意为“反应”为可数名词，根据句意“他和同学们的反应”，应有复数形式。故填reactions。
67．考查定语从句。句意：视频以连的旁白为背景，讲述了一个普通高中男孩与高考作斗争、不断质疑自己、重建信心的故事。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是boy，在从句中作主语，用that或者who引导。故填that或者who。
68．考查动词时态和语态。句意：他和同学之间的友谊以及他失败后的广阔视野都体现在场景和他生动的语言中。分析句子结构可知，reflect作本句谓语，和主语The friendship between him and his classmates and his broad outlook after failure之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观状态，用一般现在时，主语是复数。故填are reflected。
69．考查形容词。句意：我最初的想法是讲述一个鼓舞人心的高考故事，但后来我的高考成绩并不尽如人意。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，origin的形容词形式是original。故填original。
70．考查冠词。句意：我最初的想法是讲述一个鼓舞人心的高考故事，但后来我的高考成绩并不尽如人意。story意为“故事”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，前应用不定冠词修饰，encouraging为元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填an。
71．our 72．which 73．a 74．spoken 75．changed 76．with 77．watching 78．to learn 79．fluently 80．confidence
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是如何一步步提高自己的英语口语的经历。
71．考查代词。句意：在我看来，我们应该尽我们最大的努力达到我们的目标，即使没有什么希望。固定短语try one’s best to do sth.“尽最大努力做某事”，应用形容词性物主代词our。故填our。
72．考查定语从句。句意：努力就像黑暗中的光，指引我们通往希望和成功的道路。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是lights，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
73．考查冠词。句意：我曾经是一个害羞的女孩在我的小学。此处泛指“一个害羞的女孩”，且shy是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
74．考查形容词。句意：那时我的英语很差，尤其是口语。此处表示“英语口语”，应用形容词spoken“口头的”。故填spoken。
75．考查动词时态。句意：在我进入我梦想中的中学后，事情发生了变化。根据上文entered可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填changed。
76．考查介词。句意：我开始读很多有趣的英语故事，我的英语老师耐心地帮助了我很多。固定短语with patience表示“耐心地”。故填with。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：我在课堂上努力学习，在空闲时间通过看英语电影和听英语歌曲来练习。此处作介词的宾语，watch应用动名词形式。故填watching。
78．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，学习英语对我来说变得越来越愉快。此处为it be adj. for sb. to do sth.，it是形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填to learn。
79．考查副词。句意：我甚至可以用英语流利地与同学交谈，我不再害羞了。此处修饰动词短语talk with，应用副词fluently“流利地”，作状语。故填fluently。
80．考查名词。句意：最后，我在英语上取得了高分，我有信心在未来做得更好。此处作宾语，应用名词confidence“信心”，不可数名词。故填confidence。
81．on 82．are 83．higher 84．including 85．have become 86．witnessed 87．preference 88．the 89．significantly 90．which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章描述了中国黑龙江省黑河市与俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克市之间免签政策实施后，吸引俄罗斯游客到黑河享用早餐并促进当地经济发展的新闻故事。
81．考查介词。句意：9月21日，黑河和俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克之间的跨境旅行实行免签证政策后，许多俄罗斯游客涌向中国东北黑龙江省的黑河吃早餐。根据下文“September 21(9月21日)”可知下文说的是时间，根据介词的用法，在表示具体的日期的表达前需使用介词on，故填on。
82．考查时态。句意：作为中国最具开拓性的边境城市之一，黑河市和俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克市相距仅几百米，乘船7分钟即可抵达。分析句子结构，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因主语Heihe city and the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk为复数，根据主谓一致原则，系动词也应使用复数形式，故填are。
83．考查形容词的比较级。句意：当地居民强调，俄罗斯的生活成本是黑河的5到6倍。根据上文“the cost of living in Russia(俄罗斯的生活成本)”以及下文“in Heihe(在黑河)”可知此处是要把俄罗斯的生活成本和黑河的生活成本进行比较，空白处应填形容词的比较级，故填higher。
84．考查介词。句意：他们拥有丰富的新鲜优质农产品，包括蔬菜、肉类、鸡蛋和海鲜，以及价格合理的鞋类、头饰、日用百货和当地特色菜。分析句子结构，空白处为介词including，故填including。
85．考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，这些市场已成为希望体验当地真实生活方式的游客的首选目的地。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语Over time可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，又因主语these markets为复数，故填have become。
86．考查时态。句意：深秋时节，伴随着金色的树叶和东北霜冻的到来，黑河白天的气温在-2℃到9℃之间。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据上文时间状语“on September 21(在9月21日)”可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填witnessed。
87．考查名词。句意：说到早餐，人们更喜欢热乎乎的汤。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的不定冠词a可知空白处应填名词，故填preference。
88．考查冠词。句意：随着中俄互惠免签证团体旅游的恢复，黑河口岸出入境人员数量显著增加，带动了边境城市的经济增长。分析句子结构，the number of为固定短语，含义为“……的数量”，符合句意，故填the。
89．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词修饰动词，故填significantly。
90．考查定语从句。句意：据统计，最近的中秋、国庆假期，黑河共接待游客60多万人次，与2019年相比增长了184.9%。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：600,000 visitors(60万人次)，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
91．unforgettable 92．were asked 93．a 94．called 95．coming 96．what/whatever 97．finally 98．decided 99．to talk 100．on
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中第一天的英语课上发表了人生第一次的英语演讲，虽然紧张但最终成功完成，并决定以后要更频繁地练习英语。
91．考查形容词。句意：星期四的英语课令人难忘。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语；根据下文内容可知，这节课是令人难忘的，用形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。
92．考查时态和语态。句意：在课堂上，我们被要求做一个关于高中第一天的简短演讲。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“we”，复数，和动词“ask”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were asked。
93．考查冠词。句意：我以前从未用英语发表过演讲，更糟糕的是，在公共场合演讲我感到很不自在。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
94．考查非谓语动词。句意：我暗自希望没有人会注意到我，突然听到有人叫我的名字。分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，动词“call”和宾语“my name”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填called。
95．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很紧张，站起来一句话也说不出来。分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词担当with的宾语补足语，宾语“nothing”和动词“come”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填coming。
96．考查宾语从句。句意：“别害羞！想想你上高中的第一天，说出你想表达的东西。”老师的话让我放松了一点，我开始说了些什么。这里为宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句缺少宾语，表示“什么”或“无论什么”，用what或whatever。故填what或whatever。
97．考查副词。句意：带着颤抖的声音，我终于用英语发表了我的第一次公开演讲。担当句子的时间状语用副词形式，故填finally。
98．考查时态。句意：那天放学后，我决定更经常地练习英语。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填decided。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：正当我试图鼓起勇气和别人说话时，我听到身后有一个和善的声音。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to talk。
100．考查介词。句意：我们肩并肩地坐着，他和我分享了一些关于如何提高英语水平的建议。表示“关于”，用介词on。故填on。
101．so 102．to get 103．of 104．who/that 105．recommended 106．were 107．traditional 108．hugely 109．were invited 110．listening
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一行人去夏威夷的珍珠城游玩的故事，主人家热情地招待了他们，并在工作之余邀请他们参加了很多当地的活动，他们获得了很棒的旅行体验。
101．考查固定句型。句意：在我们前往房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里。根据“hard that”可推知，此处用固定句型“so+形容词/副词+that…”，that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，空处应用so强调雨下得大的程度。故填so。
102．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们前往房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里。根据“how long it would take”可推知，此处用固定句型It takes some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费多少时间”，其中It是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，空处应用get的不定式形式。故填to get。
103．考查介词。句意：首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声，确切地说是七只。根据“a pack”和“dogs”可推知，此处用固定短语a pack of，意为“一群……”，空处应用介词of构成该短语。故填of。
104．考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练得很好，他们对照顾这些动物很有经验。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词masters，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。故填who/that。
105．考查时态。句意：我们的主人分享了许多他们的经历，并推荐了一些很棒的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。分析句子可知，空处和shared并列，作句子的谓语，时态为一般过去时，应用recommend的过去式。故填recommended。
106．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当他们不工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们了解一个有趣的可观看的比赛，以及它背后的故事。分析句子可知，空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中的invited可知，此处也是描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，主语为they，be动词应用were。故填were。
107．考查形容词。句意：他们还和我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事非常受游客欢迎。分析句子可知，空处是修饰stories的定语，形容词traditional符合题意，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。
108．考查副词。句意：他们还和我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事非常受游客欢迎。分析句子可知，空处是修饰形容词popular的状语，副词hugely符合题意，意为“极度”。故填hugely。
109．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在我们为期一周的停留的最后一天，我们被邀请去北岸一个美丽的农场参加一场星空下的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并结识有趣的当地人。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为On the last day of our week-long stay，时态应用一般过去时，invite“邀请”和主语we之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是第一人称复数，be动词应用were。故填were invited。
110．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们为期一周的停留的最后一天，我们被邀请去北岸一个美丽的农场参加一场星空下的私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并结识有趣的当地人。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处和meeting并列，作句子的伴随状语，listen to“倾听”和we逻辑上是主动关系，应用listen的现在分词形式。故填listening。
111．which/that 112．were 113．their 114．attractive 115．an 116．Actually 117．excitement 118．dancers 119．to mix 120．than
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名舞蹈爱好者，成为了舞蹈学校的志愿者。为了对舞蹈界有所贡献，作者决定开办自己的芭蕾舞学校，希望能激发学生们的好奇心和激情。
111．考查定语从句。句意：我会在我家附近的一所当地舞蹈学校做志愿者。分析句子可知，空格处为限定性定语从句引导词，先行词是a local dance school，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
112．考查动词时态。句意：有些人喜欢传统的芭蕾舞，而另一些人则对探索现代动作更感兴趣。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，根据前面的preferred可知，应用一般过去时，主语others是复数形式，be动词使用were。故填were。
113．考查代词。句意：我发现他们的讨论的内容很有趣。分析句子可知，空格处用来限定名词discussions，表示“他们的”，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
114．考查形容词。句意：为了对舞蹈界有所贡献，我决定开办自己的芭蕾舞学校，并使之有吸引力。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语补足语，应用形容词attractive“有吸引力的”。故填attractive。
115．考查冠词。句意：我努力清理旧建筑，把它变成一个漂亮的工作室。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，表示泛指“一座旧建筑”，且old开头发音是元音音素，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
116．考查副词。句意：事实上，我的一个主要挑战是为每节课提出创造性的想法。分析句子可知，空格处用来修饰整个句子，应用副词actually，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。
117．考查不可数名词。句意：我希望每节课都能激发好奇心和激情。分析句子可知，空格处为动词ignite的宾语，应用名词excitement“激动，兴奋”，不可数。故填excitement。
118．考查名词复数。句意：当我的第一批新生舞者加入学校时，我很兴奋。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语，dancer“舞者”可数名词，根据前面的group可知，应用复数形式，故填dancers。
119．考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，他们很容易把舞步混在一起，但是经过练习，他们的动作比以前变得更加流畅。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空格处为真正主语，应用动词不定式。故填to mix。
120．考查介词。句意同上题。根据前面的more fluent可知，空格处缺少介词than，表示比较.故填than。
121．than 122．staying 123．friends 124．to do 125．a 126．that/which 127．extremely 128．more expensive 129．amazing 130．saw
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者回到自己曾经就读大学的城市，参观了校园以及城市的美景，和老朋友重温了大学时光和友情。
121．考查介词。句意：我很了解布拉格，因为十多年前我上大学的时候就住在那里。分析句子可知，空格前有比较级more构成固定短语more than“超过”。故填than。
122．考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有住在酒店，而是住在我的一个老朋友那里。分析句子可知，空格处所给动词stay是介词短语的宾语，应使用动名词。故填staying。
123．考查可数名词复数。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处用于固定结构one of+可数名词复数，故填friends。
124．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想做我在大学时代做过的所有事情，所以我参观了这所大学。分析句子可知，空格处用作动词want的宾语，应使用不定式。故填to do。
125．考查冠词。句意：它变了很多，看起来更现代了。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词a和后面的构成固定短语a lot “很多”，用来形式动词change。故填a。
126．考查定语从句。句意：我还去了我老房子附近的超市。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，先行词是the supermarket，定语从句缺少主语，可以使用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
127．考查副词。句意：我非常高兴找到我最喜欢的奶酪和巧克力饼干，但是它们比我记忆中的要贵一点。分析句子可知，空格处用作状语来形式形容词happy，应使用副词。故填extremely。
128．考查形容词比较级。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的表语，根据后面的than可知，应使用比较级。故填more expensive。
129．考查形容词。句意：在那上面，城市的景色非常迷人。分析句子可知，空格处为句子表语，表示“令人惊叹的”，应使用amazing。故填amazing。
130．考查动词时态。句意：我们走过历史悠久的查尔斯桥，去了看电视塔和爬上电视塔的著名婴儿雕像。分析句子可知，空格处为并列谓语，表示一连串的动作，根据前面的went可知，应使用一般过去时。故填saw。
131．spending 132．and 133．happier 134．exactly 135．for 136．to explore 137．means 138．interesting 139．them 140．it
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了户外活动的好处，呼吁人们应该为户外活动设定足够的时间。
131．考查动名词。句意：最近的研究表明，无论对孩子还是成年人来说，花时间在户外都是有益的，甚至是必要的。由空前of介词以及提示词为动词可知，此处应为动名词形式。故填spending。
132．考查连词。句意：最近的研究表明，无论对孩子还是成年人来说，花时间在户外都是有益的，甚至是必要的。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接名词kids和adults，应用连词and，表示“和”。故填and。
133．考查形容词比较级。句意：大多数研究都认为，在户外玩耍的孩子比在室内玩耍的孩子更快乐，更少焦虑。根据语境以及空后的than可知，此处为形容词比较级形式。故填happier。
134．考查副词。句意：虽然目前还不清楚情绪改善是如何发生的，但我们确实知道为什么大自然对孩子的思想有好处。分析句子可知，此处为副词exactly作状语修饰后面的句子。故填exactly。
135．考查介词。句意：虽然目前还不清楚情绪改善是如何发生的，但我们确实知道为什么大自然对孩子的思想有好处。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be good for“对……有好处”，所以此处为介词for的填入。故填for。
136．考查动词不定式。句意：从后院到公园，探索户外环境的方式多种多样，让孩子选择如何对待自然意味着他有能力控制自己的行为。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰ways，ways to do“做某事的方法”为惯用表达。故填to explore。
137．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从后院到公园，探索户外环境的方式多种多样，让孩子选择如何对待自然意味着他有能力控制自己的行为。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，该句陈述现在的一般性情况，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，本句使用动名词短语作句子的主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
138．考查形容词。句意：他们可以更自由地思考，设计自己的活动，并以有趣的方式接近世界。由空后ways为名词可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填interesting。
139．考查代词。句意：运动不仅对孩子的身体有益，而且似乎能让他们更专注，这对患有多动症的孩子尤其有益。分析句子可知，此处为代词them指代上文提到的复数名词kids。故填them。
140．考查代词。句意：因此，虽然屏幕时间是更容易、更受欢迎的选择，但重要的是要留出足够的户外活动时间。分析句子可知，此处为it is +adj+ to do sth表示“做某事是怎样的”的固定句型，所以此处为代词it作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正的主语。故填it。
141．was brought 142．including 143．named 144．experts 145．practical 146．who 147．have shouldered 148．by 149．globally 150．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教科书即将进入中国高中课堂。
141．考查动词语态。句意：继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据last week判断应用一般过去时，主语textbook和bring out之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was brought。
142．考查介词。句意：继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。根据句子结构及句意分析可知，此处用介词including“包括”，和空后的内容一起作后置定语。故填including。
143．考查非谓语动词。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学MOOC研究中心和AI创业公司SenseTime共同努力，由全国知名学校的杰出专家编写的。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语textbook构成被动关系，用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填named。
144．考查名词复数。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学MOOC研究中心和AI创业公司Sense Time共同努力，由全国知名学校的杰出专家编写的。expert是可数名词，联系语境可知，此处应是很多专家编写了这本书，用复数形式。故填experts。
145．考查形容词。句意：华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词use，应用形容词practical，作定语。故填practical。
146．考查定语从句。句意：华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chen Yukun，关系词在从句作主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
147．考查动词时态。句意：截至目前，全国约有40所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为AI高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。根据句子结构分析，此处作谓语动词。结合时间状语Up till now可知，动词用现在完成时，主语40 high schools为复数，助动词用have。故填have shouldered。
148．考查介词。句意：截至目前，全国约有40所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为AI高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。此处表达“通过”应用介词by，后接动名词作宾语。故填by。
149．考查副词。句意：人工智能领域正面临全球人才短缺。修饰动词应用副词globally，作状语。故填globally。
150．考查冠词。句意：这本书的出版是一个突破，因为它把人工智能技术从理论塔中带了出来，使它成为高中学习的一部分。breakthrough此处泛指“一个突破”，用不定冠词，且breakthrough是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
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