资源简介

2024中考语法知识--介词讲练
一、 知识点解析
1、介词的功能 介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。如：
The girl in front of the car is my sister.
在那儿的那个女孩是我的妹妹。(定语)
My father will be back in two hours.
我爸爸过两个小时回来。 (状语)
Wang Ling is from Hunan.
王玲来自湖南。 (表语)
Help yourself to some chicken.
请吃些鸡肉。 (宾语补足语)
2、介词的辨析
1）表时间的介词
at, in on
表示时间点用at。
如：at one o’clock, at noon, at midnight。
表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节, 以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。
如：in the nineteenth century, in 2023, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。
如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning
since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after与一般过去时连用。
如： I haven’t been to Beijing since last summer.
自从去年夏天，我再也没有去过北京。
After three hours the girl came back.
五天后，这女孩孩返回来。
in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。
After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。
如：
She will be back in two months.
她将在两个月后回来。
Li Lei will arrive after four o’clock
四点钟后，李雷到达。
My mother returned after a month.
一个月后，我妈妈回来了。
2）表示地点的介词
at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。
如：
He arrived in Hainan yesterday.
他昨天到达海南。
They arrived at the school before nine o’clock..
他们在九点前到达学校。
There is a cat in the box.
盒子里有一只猫。
He put a book on the desk.
他把一本书放在书桌上。
over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。
Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。
above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。
On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。
如：
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一架桥。
We were flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上飞行。
They put some chocolates on the teacher’s desk.
他们把一些巧克力放在老师的讲桌上。
across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。如：
The boy swam across the river.
那男孩游过河。
They walked through the forest.
他们穿过森林。
in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
在大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
老师坐在教室前面。
3. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
二、例题展示
1. Please _________ your hands if you have any questions.
A. put on B. put off C. put up
解析:由句意可知，如果你有问题，请举手。Put on 是穿上，put off 是推迟，put up是举起来
答案：C
2. Sanya is famous its beautiful beaches.
A. for B. of C. in
解析：考查固定搭配。be famous for以……著名，由 句意可知，三亚以美丽的海滩而出名。
答案：A
3. 一Would you like some tea, please
一Yes, I prefer tea sugar.
A. to B. for C. with
解析：考査介词的用法。prefer... to比起……更喜 欢……，由句意可知，作者更喜欢喝加糖的茶水。"with + 名词"构成介词短语，在句中作定语修饰前面的名词tea。 此题容易受思维定势的影响，误选A。
答案：C
4. I'm a reporter(记者).I work 36 a newspaper.
A. in B. to C. for
解析: 考查介词的用法。由句意可知，作者是一名记 者，为一家报社工作。
答案：C
5. ______December18th, 2023, a 6.8 earthquake happened in Linxia, Gansu Province.
A. In B. At C. On
解析：由句意可知，2023年12月18日，甘肃临厦发生了一场6.8级地震。表示具体的某一天时，用on.
答案：C
6.The electric bikes also cause more traffic accidents. So China plans to make a new rule 1 the electric bike riders.It means riders have to pass driving tests 2 they ride their electric bikes on the road.
1）.A. for B. to C. from
2）. A. during B. after C. before
解析：1.由句意可知，电动车导致了很多交通事故，中国政府计划给骑电动车的人制定条例。Make rule for sb./sth 是为…制定条例。Make rule to do sth是制定条例来做某事；make a rule on“制定关于什么的规则”。 2. 由句意可知，骑电动车的人在骑车上路之前必须通过考试。
答案：1)C 2)A
7.You are supposed to look around when you walk ________ the street.
解析：由句意可知，我们在过马路之前要四周看看。walk across穿过（马路）=cross the road.
答案：across
三、练习巩固
I 单项选择
( )1. What’s wrong ______ your computer, Kate
A. in B. with C. to
( )2. He ran out of the room ______ a rainy night.
on B. in C. at
( )3. He left _______ the door open.
A. in B. on C. with
( )4.They work _______ the day and sleep _______ night.
A. in, in B. at, at C. in, at
( )5.They have lived in Hainan _______ 1995.
A. in B. since C. at
( )6. The river runs ______ the city.
A. at B. across C. through
( )7.Mother tells me not to go out alone ______ 10 o’clock. It’s dangerous.
A. in B. after C. for
( )8. Please wait for me. I’ll be back _______ ten minutes.
A. in B. after C. for
( )9. I’ve decided to go to the party _______ Christmas.
A. in B. to C. on
( )10. My father went home ______ every day ______ those days.
A. 不填, on B. at, in C. 不填, in
( )11. Tom was ill, we all go to have a picnic ______ him.
A. in B. at C. except
( )12. Li Gang didn’t pass the exam, his father was angry _______ him.
A. with B. to C. about
( )13. We went there ______ bus but had to come back ______ foot.
A. in, on B. on, by C. by, on
( )14. The hospital is ______ the other side of the street.
A. on B. in C. from
( )15. We know that B is ____ A _____C.
A. between; and B. among; and C. from; to
( )16. Lily was badly ill. Her mother was worried _______her.
A. on B. about C. at
( )17. My granny looks _______ my little sister at home.
A. after B. in C. at
( )18. He stood up and shake hands ______ all of us.
A. with B. to C. at
( )19. I don’t know more _______ him.
A. on B. about C. at
( )20. I have a lot of friends ______ you.
A. besides B. except C. beside
( )21. _____ the help of the police, he found his daughter at last.
A. With B. Under C. At
( )22. We decided to swim ______ the river.
A. across B. through C.over
( )23. The one the tree is my mother.
A. under B. below C. on
( )24. Please bring some books _____ school.
A. \ B. on C.to
( )25. I buy a pair of shoes _____$60.
A. at B. on C. for
( )26. He often plays computer games ____ the evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )27. They usually play basketball ______Saturday morning.
A. at B. on C. in
( )28. There are many pears ______ the tree.
A. at B. on C. in
( )29. Here is a photo _____ my family.
A. of B. on C. in
( )30. My father is strict _____ me _____ my study.
A. with; in B. on; in C. with; on
( )31. It’s not polite to talk _____ girl’s age.
A. of B. about C. on
( )32. I eat chicken_______ breakfast,
A. in B. for C. on
( )33. I prefer coffee _____ milk.
A. to B. than C. by
( )34. Thanks _____ inviting me to the party.
A. to B. for C. of
( )35. We arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on
( )36. English is widely used ______ people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. by
( )37. Hainan is ______ the south of China, and Guangdong is ______ the north of Hainan.
A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in
( )38. —You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
　　 —It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.
A. in B. of C. off
( )39. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to B. in C. about
( )40. You’ll catch up _______ others if you study hard.
A. for B. with C. to
　Ⅱ、用适当的介词填空
1. —How are you going to the airport to meet your friend
—I'm going there _______ bus.
2. I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at Xiangyang Restaurant.
3. Hainan is famous ______ the coconut trees.
4. Fish cannot live _______ water.
5. Could you tell me if there will be a concert in our city______ January, 25th,2024
6. We all agree ______ you. Let's start at once.
7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.
8. My mother bought me a purse _____ my birthday present.
9. You should take more exercise. It's good ______ your health.
10. The boy ____ white is my brother.
11. Thank you very much ___ asking me to Mary's birthday party last Sunday.
12. Mr.Zhang has just come back ____ the U.S.A.
13. The farmers are all busy getting ready ____ the next year.
14. Would you like a cup of tea ____ sugar and milk
15. How much did you pay ____ the English-Chinese dictionary
III.根据汉语, 完成下列英语句子
1.他爸爸生他的气了.
His father was him.
2. 我的书包和你的书包不同.
My book is yours.
3. 我是用钢笔写的信.
I have written the letter pen.
4. 晚饭后父亲总是坐在椅子上读报.
After supper father always sits , reading newspapers.
5. 那只猫在门后，你看不到它。
The cat is , so you can’t see it.
6. 吃饭前先洗手。
Wash your hands .
7. 他到十岁才会游泳。
He couldn’t swim .
8. 在老师的帮助下, 他发现了自己的错误.
the help of the teachers, he found out his mistakes.
9. 明天九点到十一点半你都可以来我办公室。
You may come to my office tomorrow.
10. 前天我花了很多钱买书.
I spent a lot of money books the day before yesterday.
11. 我们周一至周五上学。
We go to school .
12.今天的报纸上有很多新闻。
There is a lot of news .
13. 除最后一个问题外, Tom回答了所有的问题.
Tom answered all the questions .
14. 他们通过电子邮件保持联系。
They keep ________ touch ________ each other by sending e-mails.
15. 他总是先想到别人.
He always other people first.
参考答案
I
1-5.BACCB 6-10.CBACC 11-15.CACAA 16-20.BAABA 21-25.AAACA
26-30. CBBAC 31-35. BBABB 35-40. CACAB
II
1.by 2.with 3. for 4.without 5.on 6.with 7.on 8.as 9. for
10.in 11.for 12.from 13. for 14.with 15. for
III
1.angry with 2.different from 3. with 4.on 5.behind the door
6.before you have dinner 7.until he was ten 8.With 9. from nine to half past eleven 10.on 11.from Monday to Friday 12.on today’s newspaper 13. except the last one 14. in, with 15. thinks for

展开更多......

收起↑