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(共25张PPT)
语法填空
—解题策略
考纲解读
1. 选材：
2.分值分配：
3.建议用时：
4.考察内容：
5.考点设置：
6. 命题形式：
200词左右，话题贴近学生生活。
无提示词（3-4个），有提示词（6-7个）
考生在篇章中综合运用语法的能力。
词法、句法和逻辑关系方面的知识。
共10小题，满分15分。
8-10mins。
实词
动词
名词
形容词
副词
词性
虚词
冠词
连词
介词
代词
有
提
示
词
无
提
示
词
（动词、名词、形容词）
70%
30%
（纯空格题）
无提示词 考点一：冠词
1. （2022全国卷II）The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
2. This is ______book which I talk about yesterday.
3. It is _____great surprise when I heard the news about the accident.
4.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _____ joke.
5. As _____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6.Of _____nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
the
the
a
a
a
the
无提示词 考点一：冠词
可数名词单数前面，若没有限定词，且表示泛指，用不定冠词a/an；
如果该名词表示特指，就用定冠词 the。
要注意含有冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法。
解题技巧：名词之前
（1）______ +可数名词（单数）
（2）______ +形容词+ 可数名词（单数）
（3）______ +（定语）+名词+定从（表特指）
（4）______ +（定语）+名词+不定式短语/分词短语（表特指）
无提示词 考点二：介词
1. （2019全国卷Ⅲ）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs, seven to be exact.
2. （2020全国卷II）Bamboo plants are associated _____ health, abundance and a happy home.
3. （2018全国卷Ⅲ）I was searching ______these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
of
for
with
解题技巧： 根据句意以及介词基本用法和搭配习惯考虑。
无提示词 考点四：连词
1.（2021全国II卷） I found the contact information of the company______ emailed its president.
2.(2019全国 II)I work not because I have to,___ because I want to.”
and
解题技巧：
but
1.连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,but,or等；
定从
1. Yesterday, on my way home, I met an old man ______________ was my Chinese teacher.
2. Yesterday, on my way home, I bought a pen ________________ cost me 5 yuan.
特例: He is working hard, ____________will make him pass the final exam.
who/that
which/that
which
宾从
He said that he _______________(finish) his homework already.
I knew that he __________(join) the dance club.
I see that they _________ football over there.
I hear that he ___________(come) tomorrow.
We all know that the moon ________ (move) round the sun.
宾从时态口诀: 主过从必过，主现从任意，客观真理永一现
状从
___________he talked on, he got more and more excited.
When
_________ you go, you should work hard.
Wherever
had finished
moves
are playing
will come
joined
无提示词 考点五：从句引导词
句法
九大状语从句及其引导词：
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词：when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until ；特殊引导词：the minute、the moment、no sooner…than（一……就……）、hardly…when（刚一……就……）、
2、地点状语从句
常用引导词：where；特殊引导词：wherever、anywhere、everywhere
3、原因状语从句
常用引导词：because、since、as、for
4、结果状语从句
常用引导词：so…that、such…that；
5、目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that、such that；
6、条件状语从句
常用引导词：if、unless、whether（whether…or not）
7、让步状语从句
常用引导词：though、although、even if、even though
8、方式状语从句
常用引导词：as、as if、how
9、比较状语从句
常用引导词：as（同级比较）、than（不同程度的比较）、as...as...
主从
句法
__________ we can succeed or not depends on how hard we work at it.
__________we need is more time.
__________ the car accident happen is unknow to anyone.
Whether
What
How
从句的考察
高考链接：
1. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2. He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
3. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang , ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
4. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
that
how
特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语
who
who/that
有提示词 考点六：谓语动词
1.（2021全国甲卷） It ______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty.
2.(2021全国 II) One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
3. (2019全国 II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ________（make)over the years.
4.（2021浙江卷）They rented the house and____(sell) most of their furniture.
was built
解题技巧：
语态 时态 主谓一致
确定时态的依据
1.看时间状语
2.看上下文
3.看是否并列谓语或固定句型
was
have made
sold
动词的时态与语态
动词的时态：最常考现在，过去，完成时（重视前后句，通篇时态，时态的标志词）
高考链接：
1.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2. Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
3. In the last five years，Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
4. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
5. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __36__ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and __39_（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
6. Many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
were
threw
has walked
addressed
are
was fixing
have promised
are
动词的时态与语态
动词的语态：(主动语态和被动语态)
We held an art festival in our school last week. (主动语态)
An art festival was held in our school last week. （被动语态）
高考链接：
1. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity...
2. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
3.Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
is designed 旨在做.../被设计是用于...
by 被动语态的标志词
is viewed
be viewed/seen/regarded/considered as
被视为...
有提示词 考点七：非谓语动词
1.（2021全国 II） I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _______ (think)it is food.
2.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _______(plant) flowers in the front yard.
3. (2020全国 II) They make great gifts and you see them many times __________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4.(2020全国 III) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds___________ (surround) the mountain tops.
5.On the last day of our week-long stay, we__________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
thinking
to plant
decorated
surrounding
were invited
listening
小结：在英语中，一个句子只有一个谓语动词。‘一山不能容二虎’; 除非这两个动词分别出现在从句和主句中，或者用and/but连接，否则第二个动词必须换成doing/to do/done等非谓语动词形式。
有提示词 动词
解题技巧：
动
词
谓语
非谓语
词性转化
doing 主动、进行
done 被动、完成
to do 表目的、将来
(2021全国 II) A company ______________ (represent) wrote back.
representative
语态 时态 主谓一致
有提示词 考点八：名词
1.（2020山东）In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
2. I’m a________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
3.She has turned down several_________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
wealthy
scienist
invitations
解题技巧：
主要考词形转换/复数形式 / /名词所有格。
有提示词 考点九：形容词和副词
1. (2020全国 I)Landing on the moon’s far side is__________ (extreme) challenging.
2.（2020山东）Historical __________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
3.(2021) It will ___________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _________(hot) the spring!
extremely
accuracy
undoubtedly
hotter
解题技巧：
若所给词是形容词或副词, 应考虑
词形转换、比较级最高级或反义词。
有提示词 考点十：代词
1.（2018全国 III）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______ (they) alive.
2.（2021乙卷） Ecotourism has______ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
3.It will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in______(I).
4. Visitors can imagine ________(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
5. （2017全国II卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _____every day.
them
解题技巧：
代词设置既有提示型也有纯空格的形式。若所给词是代词,应考虑人称代词，物主代词或反身代词。
若是纯空格，主要考查it。
its
mine
themselves
it
解题步骤
1. 理解
2. 分析
3. 确定
识大意、明逻辑
辨句子类型
抓句子主干
词性、词义、词形
大语境
小语境
真题练习
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___1___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___3___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___4___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___5___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years,Cao ___7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___8___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___9___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20，_10___(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（1）to journey.考查不定式。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。在句子中step被the first修饰，应使用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
（2）who.考查定语从句引导词。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，男子曹晟康在8岁的一场车祸中失明，他穿越了三省40个市县。可知此空格处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是Cao Shengkang，在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词who。故填who。
（3）held.考查过去分词。句意：受到在北京举行的一带一路国际合作论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古丝绸之路致敬。可知此空格处的动词hold作后置定语修饰名词the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation，之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填held。
（4）A.考查不定冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿做他的同伴。可知此空格处缺少"一个"的意思，是泛指，应使用不定冠词a，位于句首应大写。故填A。
（5）protection.考查名词。句意：曹、吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。
（6）meaningful .考查形容词。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。形容词做宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
（7）has walked.考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年里，曹步行穿越了六大洲的34个国家。本句时间状语是In the last five years，谓语动词应使用现在完成时，主语是Cao，是第三人称单数形式，故填has walked。
（8）highest.考查形容词最高级。句意：2016年，他登上了非洲乞力马扎罗山山顶---非洲的最高山。根据常识可知乞力马扎罗山是非洲的最高山，应使用最高级形式。故填highest。
（9）from.考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从西安飞行了4700公里到达达喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。可知此空格处表示"从...到..."的意思构成固定短语from...to...，故填from。
（10）planning.考查现在分词。句意：9月20日，他从西安飞行了4700公里到达达喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回西安。可知此空格处动词plan在句子中做伴随状语，和逻辑主语He是主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填planning。
我们能做些什么？ 备考策略
1．平时进行词汇复习时，要准确把握词性。
2．在复习语法、词汇时，要注意与语境和语篇相联系。
3．充分利用课本及辅导练习，进行语法填空训练。
4．巧用完形填空题，先试填，再核对答案。
5．重视阅读理解中的长难句结构分析和理解，不懂就及时提问和使用英汉词典。
Summary
有提示词
冠
连
介
代
动
名
形
the; a+辅音音素；an+元音音素;固定搭配
固定搭配；习惯用法；语义需要
上下文（单复数、性别）；固定搭配
单复数，名词所有格; 与其它词性的转化
谓语： 时态，语态，主谓一致，并列谓语
非谓语：to do/doing/done
词性转换：动词 名词
比较级、最高级; adj. adv. 相互转化;
adj.修饰 n. ; adv.修饰 adj. / adv. / v.
并列连词： and, but, while, so, neither… nor 等
从属连词：三大从句(定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）
which, that, who, although, what, why, where 等
纯空格题
Thank you!

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