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新外研版必修第一册
Unit 1 A new start单元核心考点归纳
【重点词汇&短语】
1 impression n. 印象，感想(P1)
归纳 拓展 (1)sb.'s first impression of ... 某人对……的第一印象 leave/have/make a ... impression on sb.给某人留下……的印象 (2)impress vt. 使印象深刻 impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；使某人明白某事物的重要性 be impressed with/by ... 对……有深刻印象 (3)impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的
①His speech made a strong impression on the audience.
他的演说给听众留下了深刻的印象。
②He tried to impress me with his extensive knowledge of wine.
他试图以自己在葡萄酒方面的渊博知识让我印象深刻。
③My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.
父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。
④Walking around the city, we were impressed by its new look.
在城市里四处走走，我们对其崭新的面貌有深刻的印象。
2 breathe v. 呼吸(P3)
归纳 拓展 (1)breathe deeply 深呼吸 breathe in吸气 breathe out呼气 (2)breath n. 呼吸；气息 out/short of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
①Leather uppers allow the feet to breathe.
皮质鞋面使脚得以透气。
②She was soon out of breath, but went on running.
她很快就气喘吁吁了，但仍继续跑。
③He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
3 panic n. 惊恐，惊慌　v. 使恐慌(P3)
归纳 拓展 (1)in (a) panic 惊慌地 panic/about over 对……的恐慌 go/get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态 (2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事 (3)panicked (过去式/过去分词)；panicking (现在分词)
①Office workers fled in panic as the fire happened.
起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
②She got into a panic when she found her keys lost.
当她发现钥匙丢了时她惊慌失措。
③The panic over your coming exams is meaningless.
为即将到来的考试而恐慌是无意义的。
④The war panicked many people into escaping from their hometown.
这场战争使得很多人惊慌失措地逃离家园。
4 challenge n. 挑战；质疑　vt. 质疑；向……挑战(P3)
归纳 拓展 (1)challenge sb. to sth. 向某人提出挑战要求比试某事物 (2)challenge sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；有难度的
①The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.
扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。
②When I said I was a good swimmer, she challenged me to a race.
当我说我游泳游得好时，她向我提出挑战一决高低。
③He challenged me to play chess.
他向我挑战下国际象棋。
④In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.
在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性。
5 one by one 依次地，一个接一个地(P3)
归纳 拓展 day by day 每天，一天一天地 little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地 side by side 肩并肩地，并排地 step by step 一步一步地，逐步地，按部就班地
①No matter how many problems there are, they have to be solved one by one.
无论有多少问题都得一个一个解决。
②The patient's condition is improving day by day.
病人的情况正在一天一天地好转。
③Step by step he gained the child's confidence.
他一步一步地赢得了这个孩子的信任。
6 depend on 根据，依据；依靠；信赖；取决于，视……而定(P3)
归纳 拓展 (1)depend on sb./sth. 依赖某人/事，相信某人/事可靠 depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事 depend on sb. for sth. 指望/依靠某人得到某物 (2)depend on it that ... 相信……；指望……(it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句) (3)That/It (all) depends. 视情况而定。(常作为交际用语)
①Many young people don't want to depend on their parents.
许多年轻人不想依赖父母。
②He is so selfish that you can't depend on him to help you.
他很自私，别指望他能帮助你。
③Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。
④—Can you finish the work before Sunday
—That depends./It (all) depends.
——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？
——这要看情况而定。
7 argue v. 争论，争辩；主张；说服(P6)
归纳 拓展 (1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人辩论某事 argue for sth. 为某事辩护；赞成某事 argue against sth. 据理反对某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 主张；认为…… (2)argument n. 争论；辩论 It is beyond argument that ... 无可争辩的是……
①They both agreed to see a film but they argued with each other about/over which film to see.
他们俩都同意看电影但却为看哪部电影而彼此争论。
②We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain.
我们尝试了很多办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒然。
③I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.
我认为我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些处在困难中的人。
④The students often argue for the right of freedom.
学生们经常据理力争自由权利。
8 apply v. 申请；适用，应用于(P7)
归纳 拓展 (1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to sth./sb. 适用于/运用于…… apply sth. to ... 把……应用于……；把……涂抹到…… apply oneself to (doing) sth. 集中精力(做)某事，专注于 (2)application n. 请求；申请；申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等)
①She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.
她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。
②The rules of safe driving apply to everyone, without exception.
安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人，没有例外。
③After graduation from university, I'll apply what I have learned to my future job.
大学毕业后，我会将所学知识应用到未来工作中。
④In order to apply for the scholarship, I apply myself to writing the application. But I am only one of the applicants, so I don't know whether I can get it or not.
为了申请奖学金，我努力写申请书。但是我只是申请人之一，所以我不知道我是否能得到它。
9 schedule n. 计划表，进度表，日程表 vt. 为某事安排时间(P7)
归纳 拓展 be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事 on schedule 按预定时间 behind schedule 落后于预定计划
①The prime minister is scheduled to arrive at noon.
首相定于中午到达。
②We were two months behind schedule, and already over budget.
我们的进度晚了两个月，而且已经超出了预算。
③The goods arrived on schedule.
货物已如期运到。
10 opportunity n. 机会(P8)
归纳 拓展 (1)an/the opportunity to do sth. 做……的机会 take the opportunity to do sth. 利用机会去做某事 (2)当被修饰的词为抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, ability, courage, wish等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
①Mother's Day is an opportunity to express thanks and send best wishes to our mothers.
母亲节是一个向母亲表达感谢和祝福的机会。
②I took the opportunity to visit Jack while I was in Rome.
我在罗马的时候利用这个机会去拜访了杰克。
11 graduate v. 毕业；获得学位(尤指学士)　 n. 毕业生，学位获得者(P9)
归纳 拓展 (1)graduate from 从……毕业 graduate in 毕业于……专业 (2)graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼
①These graduates all graduated from Oxford University.
这些毕业生都毕业于牛津大学。
②I graduated in English and have been an English teacher for 20 years.
我毕业于英语专业，当英语老师已经有二十年了。
③Have you kept in touch with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
12 frightened adj. 害怕的(P9)
归纳 拓展 (1)fright n. 惊吓，恐怖 (2)frighten vt. 使害怕，使惊吓 (3)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的
①I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.
我一看到试卷就害怕了。
②The little girl was frightened at the sight of the frightening snake and shook with fright.
这个小女孩一看到这条令人恐怖的蛇就感到很害怕，吓得浑身发抖。
名师点津：frightening和frightened同为形容词，但用法却不相同。frightening表示“令人害怕的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”，修饰人以及人的表情、眼神、声音等。
13 figure n. 数字；身材；人物；人影；图表　 vt. (经过考虑后)认为，以为；计算；估计(P9)
归纳 拓展 figure on 计划；打算；期待 figure sth. out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
①I figured the sensible thing to do was wait.
我认为明智的做法是等待。
②He was a key figure in the independent struggle.
他是那场独立斗争中的关键人物。
③I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.
我看见黑暗中有个人影走过来。
④She is on a diet to keep her figure.
她在节食以保持体形。
⑤It's difficult to figure out why she did it.
很难理解她为什么那么做。
14 in particular 尤其，特别(P9)
归纳 拓展 (1)be particular over/about 对……过于讲究/挑剔 (2)particularly adv. 特别，尤其
①We should pay attention to this problem in particular.
我们应该特别注意这个问题。
②Don't be too particular about others.
对别人不要太挑剔。
③We've been particularly busy these days.
这些天我们特别忙。
【长难句分析】
1 I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. 我正在看布告栏上的照片，这时我听到身后有个声音。(P2)
剖析 sb. was/were doing sth. when ... 意为“某人正在做某事，这时……”，其中when为并列连词，相当于at that time，意为“这时”，when连接的分句一般用一般过去时。
归纳 拓展 (1)be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，这时…… (2)be about to do sth. when ... ＝be on the point of doing ... when ... 正打算做某事，这时…… (3)had just done ... when ... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
①We were having dinner when a stranger came in.
我们正在吃晚饭，这时一个陌生人进来了。
②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
＝I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
③I had just taken a bite of my hot dog when I heard a familiar voice yelling at me.
我刚刚咬了一口我的热狗，这时听到一个熟悉的声音冲着我叫喊。
2 Turning around, I saw a white－haired man. 我转过身来，看见一位白发老人。(P2)
剖析 本句中Turning around是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间，与其逻辑主语也就是句子的主语I之间存在主动关系。
归纳 拓展 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语之间是主动关系。 (2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成式having done。 (3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。
①Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.(表时间)
听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
②Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.(表原因)
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师寻求帮助。
③Working hard, you'll succeed.(表条件)
努力工作，你就会成功的。
④Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.(表结果)
他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
⑤They stood there for an hour, watching the game. (表伴随)
他们在那儿站着看了一个小时的比赛。
⑥Having finished his homework, he was not allowed to watch TV. (表让步)
虽然他已经完成了作业，但仍然不允许看电视。
3 How true these words were! 这些话是多么的真实啊！(P2)
剖析 本句是how引导的感叹句，结构为“How＋形容词＋主语＋系动词！”
归纳 拓展 (1)How是副词，引导的感叹句结构为： How＋＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What修饰名词，引导的感叹句结构为： What＋＋主语＋谓语！ (3)感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略形式，其后面的主语和谓语往往省略。
①How hot the day is!
＝What a hot day it is!
多么热的天气呀！
②How tall the buildings are!
＝What tall buildings they are!
多么高的楼房呀！
③How bad the weather is!
＝What bad weather it is!
多么糟糕的天气呀！
4 You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. 你一定有过失望的时候。(P9)
剖析 本句中must have had是must have done结构，表示“过去一定做过”，是对过去发生的动作的肯定推测。
归纳 拓展 其他“情态动词＋have done”的用法： (1)should/ought to have done 两者均含委婉的批评、责备之意。肯定式表示过去应该做某事而未做，意为“本应该做……”；否定式表示做了不该做的事情，意为“本不应该做……”。 (2)can/could have done can/could 用于疑问句或否定句中，表示对过去行为可能性的推测。could have done用于肯定的陈述句中，表示“本能够去做却没有做”。 (3)may/might have done 此结构表示对过去情况的肯定推测，但语气稍弱，意为“也许；可能”，常用于肯定句，不用于疑问句；另外might have done还可表示委婉的责备，意为“其实(本来)可以……”。 (4)needn't have done 此结构表示一种不必要的过去行为，意为“做了本来不必做的事情……”。
①The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
路是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
②I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.
我告诉萨莉怎么去那儿了，但或许我应该为她写出来。
③He can't have worked at the office last night, for he had to go to a party at 6：00 pm.
昨晚他不可能在办公室工作，因为(昨天)晚上六点他得参加一个聚会。
④—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you You could have stayed with Barbara.
——在纽约时我住在一家旅店。
——哦，是吗？你本可以和巴巴拉待在一起的。
⑤You might have given him more help, though you were busy.
其实你本可以更多地帮助他，尽管你很忙。
⑥There was plenty of time; she needn't have hurried.
时间很充足，她本不必着急的。
【语法归纳-简单句句型】
1.主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P)
特点：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
①表示感官的动词：feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；
②表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep, continue等；
③表示转变、变化的动词：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。
I feel quite hungry. 我感觉很饿。
Leaves turn yellow.树叶变黄了。
2．主语＋谓语(S V) & 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad)
特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语，但有时后跟状语修饰动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。
The old man walks in the park every morning.
那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。
3．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O) & 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad)
特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词＋动词不定式、动词－ing形式和从句等。
We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。
I don't know him.我不认识他。
She plays the piano every day.她每天都弹钢琴。
I don't know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。
4．主语＋谓语＋双宾语(S V IO DO)
特点：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。
Her mother bought her a skirt.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。
Mr Li told an interesting story to us.
李先生给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。
名师点津　常跟双宾语的动词：①需借助于to的动词：bring， give， lend， hand， offer， pass， promise， return， send， show， teach， tell， write等；②需借助于for的动词：buy， call， cook， choose， draw， find， get， make， order， sing， save， spare等。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O OC)
特点：谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。
The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们非常难过。
The teacher asked us to answer the question.老师让我们回答问题。
We keep the classroom clean.我们保持教室干净。
名师点津　用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider， think， make， find， believe， feel， guess， imagine， judge， prove， see， suppose， take等。
英语学习笔记 -1-

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