资源简介

2023-2024学年度甘肃省兰州市兰化一中
高三年级英语期末测试
第一节(共5 小题, 每小题 1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman suggest Mike do
A. Buy a new bike. B. Repair his bike. C. Ride her bike.
2. How does Elsa sound
A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Confused.
3. When did Bill wake up today
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 7:00 am. C. At 6:00 am.
4. What will the weather be like on Sunday
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A TV series. C. A war hero.
第二节(共15 小题,每小题1.5分,满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料， 回答第6、 7题。
6. Where are the speakers
A. At school. B. At a doctor’s office. C. At the man’s house.
7. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Quit his current job. B. Buy health insurance. C. Change his lifestyle.
听第7段材料， 回答第8、9题。
8. How. does the man look up the book
A. By author. B. By title. C. By year.
9. What does the woman. want to know about the book
A. The place to renew it. B. The overdue payment. C. The time for keeping it.
听第8段材料，回答第10 至 12题。
10. Who will the man raise money to help
A. The disabled. B. The homeless. C. Those with heart problems.
11. Why won’t Gary run a marathon
A. He will receive some training.
B. He will go back to his hometown.
C. He will run up a mountain in Canada.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son. B. Trainer and athlete. C. Friends.
听第9段材料， 回答第13至16题。
13. Why did the woman join the activities on the Healthy Living Day
A. To do more exercise. B. To make new friends. C. To try something different.
14. What does the man think of doing the activities
A. Tiring. B. Interesting. C. Boring.
15. When will the man take part in the next Healthy Living Day
A. On April 14th. B. On May 28th. C. On July 5th.
16. What activity will the woman try next time
A. Boating. B. Cycling. C. Skateboarding.
听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。
17. What can students do after the speech
A. Visit the center. B. Choose their instructors. C. Sign up for the activities.
18. How often can students have jazz classes
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
19. When will the football class be given
A. On Monday evenings. B. On Saturday mornings. C. On Sunday afternoons.
20. What is u nknown about the badminton class
A. The class time. B. The instructor. C. The age limit.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节:(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
SO THAT’S WHY WE CALL THAT THAT
In 1997, two smarty-pants, needing a name for their new data-index website, came up with “googol”, which is the number one followed by a hundred zeroes. Perfect! But as they typed Googol into a domain-name search engine, they committed a critical mistake. And the mistake stuck. Don’t believe us Google it. Meanwhile, here are the stories behind other brand names.
Triscuit ELECTRICITY BISCUITS
Triscuit, a snack cracker, is short for “electricity biscuit”, because the first ones were proudly produced with hydro-electric power.
H agen-Dazs NOTHING
H agen-Dazs is short for... absolutely nothing. Reuben Mattus, who moved to Brooklyn from Poland, created the ice cream company in 1959. He wanted to give his company a Danish-sounding name in honour of Denmark’s reputation during the World War Ⅱ and settled on this nonsense phrase.
Nike VICTORY
Nike was named for the Greek goddess of victory Legend has it that the shoe company’s famous “swoosh” logo represents the fleet-footed goddess’s wings.
Adidas ADI DASSLER
Adidas is an abbreviation of “Adi Dassler”, one of two Dassler brothers from Germany who founded competitive shoe empires after the World War Ⅱ (Adi’s brother Rudi founded Puma).
Lego PLAY WELL
Lego, a children’s toy that consists of small colored bricks that fit together, is a contraction of the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning “play well”.
1. Why does the author mention the story of Google in Paragraph 1
A. To arouse curiosity of the brand names. B. To classify the following brands.
C To introduce a wonderful search engine. D. To help search for information.
2. Which brand name has the story related to the myth
A. Nike. B. Adidas. C. Triscuit. D. H agen-Dazs.
3. What can we learn from the text
A. Adidas was founded during the World War Ⅱ.
B. The founders of Adidas and Nike were brothers.
C. The stories behind Lego and H agen-Dazs relate to Danish.
D. The first Triscuit biscuits were proudly made with solar power.
B
When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would require interactions with others. But later, I was astonished when I got to experience it firsthand.
Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同伴) review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more detail.
One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and inspired me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be.
Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries and keep going It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal.
As an active boy, I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a normal classroom, there are restrictions on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new content when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and pursue my goals.
Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom.
4. What was the author’s initial response to Summit Learning
A. He was astonished to hear about it. B. He was a bit excited about it.
C. He was unwilling to attend it. D. He was curious about how it worked.
5. How did the author benefit from the poetry project
A. It reminded him to be independent. B. It improved his poem and confidence..
C. It raised him a sense of responsibility. D. It allowed him to deliver a public speech.
6. What can be inferred about Summit Learning
A. It has restrictions on what one can do.
B. It shows boundaries of one’s abilities.
C. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom.
D. It transforms the traditional way of learning.
7. What does the author think of Summit Learning now
A. Inspiring. B. Enjoyable. C. Challeng ng. D. Conservative.
C
Located within the beautiful landscape of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that poses a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is none other than a giant floating island. The island, composed of plants and trees, occasionally floats around the lake, causing a significant inconvenience by blocking a vital bridge. Later, the local people proposed a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.
Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was transformed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the peat bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing spots for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails when the wind blows, moving the entire floating mass around the lake.
Although the decades-old floating island does not relocate constantly, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the vital bridge that serves as the sole passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a fleet of boats, and not just one or two,but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision, as merely relocating (重新迁移) it a short distance may result in its return within days.
Some people have suggested blowing up the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for decades, and in that time a wealth of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local authorities prefer they be dealt with in a way that won’t negatively impact wildlife, highlighting the delicate balance between human convenience and environmental conservation. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of humanity and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique habitats that enrich our world.
8. What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Building a new bridge. B. Transforming the vast bog.
C. Moving the floating island away. D. Reconstructing the local community.
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The form action of the floating island.
B. The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa.
C. The abundance of species in Lake Chippewa.
D. The impact of the wind on the floating island.
10. What do we know about the relocation work from paragraph 3
A. It is usually finished within days.
B. It can only be carried out during windless days.
C. It is demanding in cooperation and precision.
D. It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives.
11. Why have the local authorities refused to blow up the island
A. To save costs for local people.
B. To ensure the safety of residents.
C. To increase the bond between communities.
D. To protect the wildlife species on the island.
D
In 2019 the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8million tons a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period.
Global reserves of some elements, such as platinum (铂), are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn’t increase.E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy(火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术) . However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Alternatives are therefore being sought.
A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative.They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize(使氧化) and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes(微生物).If extended, bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to reco ver metals locally, relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad.
“At present, a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods. But with an efficient recycling process appearing, manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products, which will change the very design of electronics goods. It’s about closing the loop of a product’s life cycle,” said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group, Sebastien Farnaud.
Ultimately, bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume. We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product, to one where there isn’t even a start or an end at all.
12. What do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate
A. The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low
B. People pay little attention to e-waste recycling.
C. E-waste has caused serious environmental problems.
D. The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
13. What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste
A. They only apply to certain e-waste.
B. They are not environmentally friendly.
C. They generate metals with a complex process.
D. They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures.
14. What do we know about the bioleaching technology
A. It has been applied abroad. B. It releases no poisonous gas.
C. It promotes the local export trade. D. It recovers metals by microbes.
15. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A news report. B. A fiction novel. C. A scientific journal. D. A health magazine.
第二节:(共5小题; 每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you think you need to shout at yourself to force yourself to finish your homework If so, think again.____16____ Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success.
Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake. ____17____ These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life.
A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school. ____18____ Let’s say they do poorly on a geometry test. Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor.
____19____ We can start with mindfulness. First of all, practice observing our thoughts — are they understanding or critical Don’t judge ourselves too severely then. Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves. ____20____ We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends.
With practice, we can learn to treat ourselves with kindness and unconditional love — not tough love.
A. So how do we develop self-compassion
B. It may be more effective to be kind to yourself.
C. It includes letting go of your strict self-criticism.
D Mindfulness is the key to practicing self-compassion.
E. But this approach does not make us feel or perform better.
F. They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve.
G. Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
We all need to spend time alone once in a while. But Beatriz Flamini took things to a whole new ____21____. The Madrid Spain resident spent 500 days in a 230 foot (about 70 meter)underground cave, ____22____from the world.
Flamini was 48 years old when she went into isolation (隔绝) and 50 when she ____23____ from the ca ve on April 14,2023. The extreme athlete ____24____ the challenge of testing her mental strength. She also wanted to help scientists explore the ____25____ of isolation in terms of the human body and mind.
Flamini entered the ca ve in November 2021. She carried two cameras to ____26____her stay. Ateam of volunteers supported the ambitious adventure by____27____ dropping off food, fresh clothes,water and other ____28____ near the cave’s entrance. They also used the daily video recordings to ____29____ Flamini’s physical and mental condition.
Flamini spent her days exercising, cooking, reading, and drawing. She says she experienced____30____loss of her sense of time after about two months and was ____31____when a support crew member came to ____32____ her after 500 days. “I said,’ ____33____ No way. I hadn’t finished my book,’” she recalls.
Flamini may have ____34____ a new world record for the longest time spent in a cave alone. But the achievement has not been ____35____ by the Guinness World Records.
21.
A. level B. turn C. point D. stage
22.
A. free B. safe C. tired D. disconnected
23.
A. escaped B. came C. rushed D. emerged
24.
A. made out B. took up C. worked out D. picked up
25.
A. change B. improvement C. impact D. meaning
26.
A broadcast B. arrange C. transform D. document
27.
A. frequently B. regularly C. temporarily D. particularly
28.
A. necessities B. loads C. materials D. mixtures
29.
A. examine B. treat C. monitor D. introduce
30.
A. permanent B. complete C. potential D. slight
31.
A. frightened B. disappointed C. astonished D. excited
32.
A. comfort B. fetch C. replace D. wake
33.
A. Already B. Again C. Pardon D. Yes
34.
A. kept B. broken C. set D. equaled
35.
A. finished B. displayed C. performed D. confirmed
第二节 语法填空题(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sheepskin raft (羊皮筏), the oldest means of transportation along the Yellow River, has a history of nearly 2,000 years. The airbag of the raft is made of ___36___ whole sheepskin and goes through many processes including heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying ___37___ blowing. Then the airbags ___38___ (fasten) to a wooden stand, enabling its use for transporting people and goods across the water.
It is said that the largest sheepskin raft in old times ___39___ (consist) of more than 600 sheepskin airbags, with an impressive length of 22 meters and a ___40___ (wide) of 7 meters. It was capable of carrying around 30 tons of goods and drifting over 200 kilometers in one day.
In the early 20th century, before the 1950s, ___41___ railways were not yet in operation and road traffic was ___42___(convenient), the sheepskin raft served as the most important means of transportation for residents ___43___ (live) along the Yellow River.
However, with the rapid development of society, the sheepskin raft has largely played its historical role ___44___ transporting people and goods. Nowadays, it can only be found along the banks of the Yellow River in some cities in Gansu province. It has become a tool for people ___45___ (do) some sightseeing on the Yellow River.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，请你代表你班同学给校长写一封信，反映你们学校食堂存在的问题，以引起学校重视并针对问题提出合理建议。食堂存在的问题如下：
1.菜价昂贵，菜式单一；
2.排队时间长，浪费午休时间；
3.味道不佳， 浪费现象严重。
注意: 1. 词数不少于120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
3. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh no. Coach Cafferty just said my name. For that event. The two-hundred-metre breaststroke (蛙泳) for the coming meet! Not the backstroke (仰泳) I had wished and practiced for so long!
Beads of sweat popped out over my upper lip. Morgan pressed her elbow into my side, trying to offer me moral support. But it didn’t help. My stomach sank to my knees like a brick in water. Morgan tried to convince me it would be fine. “Maybe Coach has more confidence in you than you think. Or maybe Coach Cafferty just want to give the rest a laugh when I sink to the bottom of the pool,” I thought desperately. I walked towards Coach Cafferty and told her about my inability and my desire to quit this event. She frowned and asked if it was what I really wanted.
I hesitated. Placing her hand on my shoulder, she started smiling and encouraged me to push myself outside of my comfort zone.
The first practice was a disaster. I lost rhythm on my strokes. I messed up my turns. I even had to stop and catch my breath a few times. I felt everyone was laughing at me and my stomach twisted. How could I make it within just two weeks But once I dragged myself out of the water, exhausted and frustrated, Coach Cafferty thumbed up to me, saying I did really well and just needed more confidence in myself and more time to practice.
On the way back home, Morgan comforted me, “Dear, just ignore others. Race against yourself. Count your own strokes. Prove to yourself that you can do it.” With these words said to me almost every day, before or after each practice, something gradually changed: both how I swam the breaststroke and how I felt about the event as well as myself.
The meet finally came. I arrived at the pool hall, still a little bit worried. As each event clicked closer to mine, my knees shook. I bit my lip and looked out over the other swimmers. Morgan leaned forward. “Just swim your race. Remember, you can!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Then the two-hundred-milestone breaststroke was announced.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
There was only 50 meters to go.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024学年度甘肃省兰州市兰化一中
高三年级英语期末测试
第一节(共5 小题, 每小题 1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman suggest Mike do
A. Buy a new bike. B. Repair his bike. C. Ride her bike.
2. How does Elsa sound
A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Confused.
3. When did Bill wake up today
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 7:00 am. C. At 6:00 am.
4. What will the weather be like on Sunday
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A TV series. C. A war hero.
第二节(共15 小题,每小题1.5分,满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料， 回答第6、 7题。
6. Where are the speakers
A. At school. B. At a doctor’s office. C. At the man’s house.
7. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Quit his current job. B. Buy health insurance. C. Change his lifestyle.
听第7段材料， 回答第8、9题。
8. How. does the man look up the book
A. By author. B. By title. C. By year.
9. What does the woman. want to know about the book
A. The place to renew it. B. The overdue payment. C. The time for keeping it.
听第8段材料，回答第10 至 12题。
10. Who will the man raise money to help
A. The disabled. B. The homeless. C. Those with heart problems.
11. Why won’t Gary run a marathon
A. He will receive some training.
B. He will go back to his hometown.
C. He will run up a mountain in Canada.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son. B. Trainer and athlete. C. Friends.
听第9段材料， 回答第13至16题。
13. Why did the woman join the activities on the Healthy Living Day
A. To do more exercise. B. To make new friends. C. To try something different.
14. What does the man think of doing the activities
A. Tiring. B. Interesting. C. Boring.
15. When will the man take part in the next Healthy Living Day
A. On April 14th. B. On May 28th. C. On July 5th.
16. What activity will the woman try next time
A Boating. B. Cycling. C. Skateboarding.
听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。
17. What can students do after the speech
A. Visit the center. B. Choose their instructors. C. Sign up for the activities.
18. How often can students have jazz classes
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
19. When will the football class be given
A. On Monday evenings. B. On Saturday mornings. C. On Sunday afternoons.
20. What is u nknown about the badminton class
A. The class time. B. The instructor. C. The age limit.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节:(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
SO THAT’S WHY WE CALL THAT THAT
In 1997, two smarty-pants, needing a name for their new data-index website, came up with “googol”, which is the number one followed by a hundred zeroes. Perfect! But as they typed Googol into a domain-name search engine, they committed a critical mistake. And the mistake stuck. Don’t believe us Google it. Meanwhile, here are the stories behind other brand names.
Triscuit ELECTRICITY BISCUITS
Triscuit a snack cracker, is short for “electricity biscuit”, because the first ones were proudly produced with hydro-electric power.
H agen-Dazs NOTHING
H agen-Dazs is short for... absolutely nothing. Reuben Mattus, who moved to Brooklyn from Poland, created the ice cream company in 1959. He wanted to give his company a Danish-sounding name in honour of Denmark’s reputation during the World War Ⅱ and settled on this nonsense phrase.
Nike VICTORY
Nike was named for the Greek goddess of victory. Legend has it that the shoe company’s famous “swoosh” logo represents the fleet-footed goddess’s wings.
Adidas ADI DASSLER
Adidas is an abbreviation of “Adi Dassler”, one of two Dassler brothers from Germany who founded competitive shoe empires after the World War Ⅱ (Adi’s brother Rudi founded Puma).
Lego PLAY WELL
Lego, a children’s toy that consists of small colored bricks that fit together, is a contraction of the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning “play well”.
1. Why does the author mention the story of Google in Paragraph 1
A. To arouse curiosity of the brand names. B. To classify the following brands.
C. To introduce a wonderful search engine. D. To help search for information.
2. Which brand name has the story related to the myth
A. Nike. B. Adidas. C. Triscuit. D. H agen-Dazs.
3. What can we learn from the text
A. Adidas was founded during the World War Ⅱ.
B. The founders of Adidas and Nike were brothers.
C. The stories behind Lego and H agen-Dazs relate to Danish.
D. The first Triscuit biscuits were proudly made with solar power.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了五个品牌名称背后的故事。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。第一段中讲述了Google背后的故事：两个聪明的创始人想给新的数据索引网站取一个名字，他们就想出了“googol”这个词，即“古戈尔”，10的100次幂，代表互联网上的海量资源，但是当他们在域名搜索引擎上搜索该名字是否已经被注册时错将“googol”打成了google，于是就有了Google。并在最后一句“Meanwhile, here are the stories behind other brand names.(同时，以下是其他品牌背后的故事。)”引出接下来要讲述的其他品牌背后的故事。由此可推知，开头用这个故事是为了激发读者对商标取名故事的好奇心。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Nike was named for the Greek goddess of victory.(耐克是以希腊的胜利女神命名的。)”可知，Nike是根据希腊胜利女神而命名的，与神话有关。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“give his company a Danish-sounding name”和第六段“is a contraction of the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning ‘play well’”可知，乐高和哈根达斯都与丹麦语有关。故选C。
B
When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would require interactions with others. But later, I was astonished when I got to experience it firsthand.
Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同伴) review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more detail.
One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public speaking but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and inspired me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be.
Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries and keep going It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal.
As an active boy I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a normal classroom, there are restrictions on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new content when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and pursue my goals.
Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom.
4. What was the author’s initial response to Summit Learning
A. He was astonished to hear about it. B. He was a bit excited about it.
C. He was unwilling to attend it. D. He was curious about how it worked.
5. How did the author benefit from the poetry project
A. It reminded him to be independent. B. It improved his poem and confidence..
C. It raised him a sense of responsibility. D. It allowed him to deliver a public speech.
6. What can be inferred about Summit Learning
A. It has restrictions on what one can do.
B. It shows boundaries of one’s abilities.
C. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom.
D. It transforms the traditional way of learning.
7. What does the author think of Summit Learning now
A. Inspiring. B. Enjoyable. C. Challeng ng. D. Conservative.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加Summit Learning课程的经历和感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all.(当我第一次听说Summit Learning的时候，我承认我一点也不高兴和兴奋)”和第二段的“I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently.(如果由我来决定，我绝不会参加，因为我更喜欢独立工作)”可知，作者对Summit Learning的第一反应是不想参加。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and inspired me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be.(我们和一个伙伴一起做的同伴活动让我对自己的能力更有信心，并激励我做更多的事情，使我的演讲尽可能最好)”可知，诗歌活动提高了作者的诗歌和信心。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As an active boy, I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a normal classroom, there are restrictions on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new content when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and pursue my goals.(作为一个好动的男孩，我一直走在前面，不断进步，但是在一个正常的教室里，我所能做的是有限制的。有了Summit Learning，我可以在项目中超越预期，或者在我准备好的时候继续学习新内容。我对自己的工作有主人翁精神，并追求自己的目标)”推知，Summit Learning转变了学习的方式。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom.(峰会学习向我展示了人可以成长和改变多少。它帮助我以不同的方式看待别人和自己。这是我一生中最伟大的经历之一，我无法想象自己会回到正常的教室)”可推知，作者认为Summit Learning非常有启发意义的。故选A。
C
Located within the beautiful landscape of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that poses a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is none other than a giant floating island. The island, composed of plants and trees, occasionally floats around the lake, causing a significant inconvenience by blocking a vital bridge. Later, the local people proposed a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.
Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was transformed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the peat bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing spots for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails when the wind blows, moving the entire floating mass around the lake.
Although the decades-old floating island does not relocate constantly, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the vital bridge that serves as the sole passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a fleet of boats, and not just one or two,but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision, as merely relocating (重新迁移) it a short distance may result in its return within days.
Some people have suggested blowing up the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for decades, and in that time a wealth of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local authorities prefer they be dealt with in a way that won’t negatively impact wildlife, highlighting the delicate balance between human convenience and environmental conservation. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of humanity and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique habitats that enrich our world.
8. What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Building a new bridge. B. Transforming the vast bog.
C. Moving the floating island away. D. Reconstructing the local community.
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The form action of the floating island.
B. The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa.
C. The abundance of species in Lake Chippewa.
D. The impact of the wind on the floating island.
10. What do we know about the relocation work from paragraph 3
A. It is usually finished within days.
B. It can only be carried out during windless days.
C. It is demanding in cooperation and precision.
D. It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives.
11. Why have the local authorities refused to blow up the island
A. To save costs for local people.
B. To ensure the safety of residents.
C. To increase the bond between communities.
D. To protect the wildlife species on the island.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是位于Lake Chippewa的一个浮岛偶尔会堵塞一座重要的桥梁，给人们带来了极大的不便，当地人通过齐心协力把它推开来解决这个问题。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.(每年，当地的船主都会齐心协力，把小岛从桥上推开)”可知，当地人想到的解决办法是把这个浮岛移走。由此可知，划线词solution指的是Moving the floating island away(将浮岛移走)。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Soon after that, many of the peat bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing spots for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails when the wind blows, moving the entire floating mass around the lake.(不久之后，许多泥炭沼泽开始上升到水面，成为植物的理想生长地点，种子被风和野鸟带到这个漂浮的地方。多年来，这些沼泽长出了植物和树木，变成了完整的岛屿。随着时间的流逝，植物生根发芽，最古老的岛屿上甚至有树木，当风吹起时，它们就像帆一样，把整个漂浮的物体移动到湖周围)”可知，第二段主要讲的是浮岛是如何形成的，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision, as merely relocating (重新迁移) it a short distance may result in its return within days.(“这需要整个社区的努力，而且你必须有顺风才能把它们推进来，”一位居民说。移动岛屿也需要精确，因为仅仅是将它移动一段距离就可能导致它在几天内返回)”可知，重新迁移浮岛对合作和精确度要求很高。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for decades, and in that time a wealth of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local authorities prefer they be dealt with in a way that won’t negatively impact wildlife, highlighting the delicate balance between human convenience and environmental conservation.(然而，Chippewa湖的大沼泽已经存在了几十年，在此期间，大量的动植物物种将其作为家园。因此，当地政府希望以一种不会对野生动物产生负面影响的方式处理这些问题，强调人类便利与环境保护之间的微妙平衡)”可推知，地方当局拒绝炸毁这个岛是为了保护岛上的野生动物。故选D。
D
In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8million tons a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period.
Global reserves of some elements, such as platinum (铂), are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn’t increase.E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy(火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术) . However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Alternatives are therefore being sought.
A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative.They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize(使氧化) and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes(微生物).If extended, bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to reco ver metals locally, relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad.
“At present, a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods. But with an efficient recycling process appearing, manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products, which will change the very design of electronics goods. It’s about closing the loop of a product’s life cycle,” said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group, Sebastien Farnaud.
Ultimately, bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume. We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product, to one where there isn’t even a start or an end at all.
12. What do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate
A. The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low
B. People pay little attention to e-waste recycling.
C. E-waste has caused serious environmental problems.
D. The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
13. What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste
A. They only apply to certain e-waste.
B. They are not environmentally friendly.
C. They generate metals with a complex process.
D. They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures.
14. What do we know about the bioleaching technology
A. It has been applied abroad. B. It releases no poisonous gas.
C. It promotes the local export trade. D. It recovers metals by microbes.
15. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A news report. B. A fiction novel. C. A scientific journal. D. A health magazine.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究——生物浸出技术，用来回收电子垃圾中的贵金属。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons-a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period. (2019年，全球产生了5460万吨电子垃圾。然而，只有17.4%的垃圾被正式收集和回收。自2014年以来，电子垃圾的回收量增加了180万吨——相对于同期电子垃圾产生量增加了920万吨来说，这是一个相对较小的数量)”可知，本段中的统计数字说明电子垃圾的回收率相对较低。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy (火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术). However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. (电子垃圾和电动汽车电池目前通过火法和湿法回收。然而，它们涉及到能源需求高、碳足迹深的燃烧温度，以及对环境有害的有毒化学物质)”可知，目前回收电子垃圾的方法对环境不利。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes (微生物). (他们一直在使用无毒的细菌来氧化和回收贵金属——这一过程被称为“生物浸出”。他们已经表明，铜可以从电子垃圾中广泛回收，而电动汽车电池中的所有金属都可以通过使用微生物来回收)”可知，生物浸出技术就是通过微生物来回收金属。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative. They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. (来自Coventry大学的一组科学家正在推广这样一种替代方案。他们一直在使用无毒的细菌来氧化和回收贵金属——这一过程被称为‘生物浸出’)”可知，本文主要介绍一组科学家的一项科学研究——生物浸出技术，用来回收电子垃圾中的贵金属。从而推断，本文来自于科学杂志。故选C项。
第二节:(共5小题; 每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you think you need to shout at yourself to force yourself to finish your homework If so, think again.____16____ Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success.
Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake. ____17____ These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life.
A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school. ____18____ Let’s say they do poorly on a geometry test. Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor.
____19____ We can start with mindfulness. First of all, practice observing our thoughts — are they understanding or critical Don’t judge ourselves too severely then. Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves. ____20____ We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends.
With practice, we can learn to treat ourselves with kindness and unconditional love — not tough love.
A. So how do we develop self-compassion
B. It may be more effective to be kind to yourself.
C. It includes letting go of your strict self-criticism.
D. Mindfulness is the key to practicing self-compassion.
E. But this approach does not make us feel or perform better.
F. They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve.
G. Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过自我同情的练习，我们可以学会用善意和无条件的爱来对待自己。
【16题详解】
前文提到可能通过对自己的大吼大叫来促使自己完成作业的这一情况，后文提到“Research shows that practicing self-compassion (自我关怀) improves our mental and physical well-being and supports long-term success.”（研究表明，练习自我同情可以改善我们的身心健康，并有助于长期的成功。），研究表明对自己鼓励和关怀有利于自身长期的成功，说明对自己好一点可能在促使自己完成一件事上更加有效果。B项“It may be more effective to be kind to yourself.”（善待自己可能会更有效。）该项提到善待自己更加有效果，该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文提到“Self-compassion is the practice of being kind and supportive to ourselves. The opposite is being self-critical and mean to ourselves when we make a mistake.”（自我同情是对自己友善和支持的实践。相反的是当我们犯错时，自我批评和对自己刻薄。），人在犯错误的时候很容易进行自我批评，且后文提到 “These negative responses are related to depression, stress and reduced quality of life.”（这些负面反应与抑郁、压力和生活质量下降有关。），对自己的批评可能会导致抑郁、有压力且可能会影响生活质量。E项“But this approach does not make us feel or perform better.”（但这种方法并不能让我们感觉或表现得更好。）该项提到自我批评并不会让自己感觉良好。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。
【18题详解】
前文提到“A 2017 study found people who practice self-compassion tend to handle stress better. Their bodies have less of a stress response when, for example, they meet with difficulties at work or school.”（2017年的一项研究发现，练习自我同情的人往往能更好地应对压力。例如，当他们在工作或学校遇到困难时，他们的身体对压力的反应就会减少。），以及后文中提到“Self-compassion helps them use the experience to make changes going forward, like seeking out a math tutor.”（自我同情可以帮助他们利用这段经历做出改变，比如找一个数学导师。）该段提到练习自我同情的人能更好地应对压力，而且能够进行自我同情的人会根据自己的情况做出适当的可以改变自己的行为。F项“They have more confidence to look for areas where they can improve.”（他们更有信心去寻找自己可以改进的地方。）该项提到会自我同情的人会寻求改进自己的机会和方法。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选F。
【19题详解】
后文提到“We can start with mindfulness.”（我们可以从正念开始。）由该段内容可以判断，该段提到了进行自我同情的练习方法。A项“So how do we develop self-compassion ”（那么我们如何培养自我同情呢 ）该项由问题引出后文中进行自我同情的方法，起到引出后文的作用，符合文意。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文提到“Rather than getting caught up in how we could have done better, forgive ourselves and think about what to change while remaining respectful, and loving to ourselves.”（与其纠结于我们该如何做得更好，不如原谅自己，想想在保持尊重和爱自己的同时要改变什么。）要与自己和解，要尊重自己爱自己，后文提到“We can read a novel, play a musical instrument or kick around a soccer ball with friends.”（我们可以读小说，演奏乐器或与朋友踢足球。）读书运动和演奏音乐都是让自己身心健康的好方法。G项“Also, show ourselves kindness in ways that nourish (滋养) our spirit and body.”（同时，要善待自己，以滋养我们的精神和身体。）该项提到了要善待自己，滋养自己。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
We all need to spend time alone once in a while. But Beatriz Flamini took things to a whole new ____21____. The Madrid Spain resident spent 500 days in a 230 foot (about 70 meter)underground cave, ____22____from the world.
Flamini was 48 years old when she went into isolation (隔绝) and 50 when she ____23____ from the ca ve on April 14,2023. The extreme athlete ____24____ the challenge of testing her mental strength. She also wanted to help scientists explore the ____25____ of isolation in terms of the human body and mind.
Flamini entered the ca ve in November 2021. She carried two cameras to ____26____her stay. Ateam of volunteers supported the ambitious adventure by____27____ dropping off food, fresh clothes,water and other ____28____ near the cave’s entrance. They also used the daily video recordings to ____29____ Flamini’s physical and mental condition.
Flamini spent her days exercising, cooking, reading, and drawing. She says she experienced____30____loss of her sense of time after about two months and was ____31____when a support crew member came to ____32____ her after 500 days. “I said,’ ____33____ No way. I hadn’t finished my book,’” she recalls.
Flamini may have ____34____ a new world record for the longest time spent in a cave alone. But the achievement has not been ____35____ by the Guinness World Records.
21.
A. level B. turn C. point D. stage
22.
A. free B. safe C. tired D. disconnected
23.
A. escaped B. came C. rushed D. emerged
24.
A. made out B. took up C. worked out D. picked up
25.
A. change B. improvement C. impact D. meaning
26.
A. broadcast B. arrange C. transform D. document
27.
A. frequently B. regularly C. temporarily D. particularly
28.
A. necessities B. loads C. materials D. mixtures
29.
A. examine B. treat C. monitor D. introduce
30.
A. permanent B. complete C. potential D. slight
31.
A. frightened B. disappointed C. astonished D. excited
32.
A. comfort B. fetch C. replace D. wake
33.
A. Already B. Again C. Pardon D. Yes
34.
A. kept B. broken C. set D. equaled
35.
A. finished B. displayed C. performed D. confirmed
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一名西班牙马德里居民Beatriz Flamini独自在洞穴里呆了500天，可能创造了新的世界纪录。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都需要偶尔花点时间独处。但Beatriz Flamini把事情带到了一个全新的高度。A. level水平；B. turn转动；C. point要点；D. stage阶段。根据空后“spent 500 days in a 230-foot (about 70-meter) underground cave”可知，Beatriz Flamini在洞穴中度过了500天，把需要时间独处这件事带到了一个新“水准，高度”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位西班牙马德里居民在一个230英尺(约70米)深的地下洞穴中度过了500天，与外界隔绝。A. free免费的，自由的；B. safe安全的；C. tired疲惫的；D. disconnected断开的，分离的。根据空前的“spend time alone”和空后提示“isolation”可知，此处表示她与世界“隔离”。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Flamini被隔离时48岁，2023年4月14日从洞穴中出来时50岁。A. escaped逃离；B. came来；C. rushed冲向；D. emerged出现。根据并列连词and前的动作“went into isolation”可知，进入隔离48岁，从洞穴出来50岁，emerge from表示“(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现”。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：极限运动员接受了考验她精神力量的挑战。A. made out理解，辨认；B. took up接受，承担；C. worked out解决；D. picked up捡起，接送。根据前文句意“The Madrid, Spain, resident spent 500 days in a 230-foot (about 70-meter) underground cave”可知，她独自在洞穴呆了500天，说明她“接受”了该挑战。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还想帮助科学家探索隔离对人体和心灵的影响。A. change改变；B. improvement提升；C. impact影响。D. meaning意思。由前文“the challenge of testing her mental strength”可知，该挑战考验精神力量，即隔离对人体和心灵产生的“影响”。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她带着两台相机记录她的停留。A. broadcast播放；B. arrange安排；C. transform改变；D. document记录。由“two cameras”和“stays”可知，用相机“记录”自己在洞穴的生活。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一队志愿者定期在洞穴入口附近送去食物、新鲜衣服、水和其它必需品，为这次雄心勃勃的冒险提供支持。A. frequently频繁地；B. regularly定期地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. particularly尤其。根据空前“volunteers supported the ambitious adventure”和“dropping off food, fresh clothes, water ”可知，食物、新鲜衣服、水等其它东西需要“定期”输送。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一队志愿者定期在洞穴入口附近送去食物、新鲜衣服、水和其他必需品，为这次雄心勃勃的冒险提供支持。A. necessities必需品；B. loads装载；C. materials材料；D. mixtures混合物。根据并列连词and前的“food, fresh clothes, water”可知，这些都是生活“必需品”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还使用每日录像来监测Flamini的身体和精神状况。A. examine检查；B. treat对待；C. monitor监测；D. introduce介绍。根据空前提示“recordings”和空后内容“Flamini’s physical and mental condition”可知，使用录像的目的是“监测”她的身体和精神状态。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，大约两个月后，她完全失去了时间观念，500天后，当一名后勤人员来接她时，她感到很惊讶。A. permanent持久的；B. complete完全的；C. potential潜在的；D. slight轻微的。根据空前的“ spent her days exercising, cooking, reading, and drawing”可知，Flamini独自在洞穴里每天锻炼、做饭、读书和画画，与世界隔离，所以2个月后“完全”失去了时间概念。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，大约两个月后，她完全失去了时间观念，500天后，当一名后勤人员来接她时，她感到很惊讶。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappointed失望的；C. astonished震惊的；D. excited激动的。根据空后“No way”和“I hadn’t finished my book”可知，她对过了500天的反应是不可能，自己还没有写完书，说明她是“震惊的”。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，大约两个月后，她完全失去了时间观念，500天后，当一名后勤人员来接她时，她感到很惊讶。A. comfort安慰；B. fetch去接；C. replace代替；D. wake醒来。根据空前“ support crew member came to”和空后“after 500 days”可知，500天后，工作人员来“接”她。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义和感叹词词义辨析。句意：我说：“已经（500天了） 不可能。我还没写完我的书。”A. Already已经；B. Again再一次；C. Pardon请再说一遍；D. Yes是。根据空后的“No way”可知她不相信“已经”过了500天了。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Flamini可能创造了一个新的世界纪录，她独自在洞穴里呆了最长的时间。A. kept保持；B. broken打破；C. set设立；D. equaled比得上。根据空后内容“a new world record”可知，她“创”了新的世界纪录。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一成就尚未得到吉尼斯世界纪录的证实。A. finished完成；B. displayed展示；C. performed表演；D. confirmed证实。根据空前“the achievement”和空后“by the Guinness World Records”可知，Flamini创立的记录还未得到吉尼斯世界记录的“证实”。故选D。
第二节 语法填空题(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sheepskin raft (羊皮筏), the oldest means of transportation along the Yellow River, has a history of nearly 2,000 years. The airbag of the raft is made of ___36___ whole sheepskin and goes through many processes including heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying ___37___ blowing. Then the airbags ___38___ (fasten) to a wooden stand, enabling its use for transporting people and goods across the water.
It is said that the largest sheepskin raft in old times ___39___ (consist) of more than 600 sheepskin airbags, with an impressive length of 22 meters and a ___40___ (wide) of 7 meters. It was capable of carrying around 30 tons of goods and drifting over 200 kilometers in one day.
In the early 20th century, before the 1950s, ___41___ railways were not yet in operation and road traffic was ___42___(convenient), the sheepskin raft served as the most important means of transportation for residents ___43___ (live) along the Yellow River.
However, with the rapid development of society, the sheepskin raft has largely played its historical role ___44___ transporting people and goods. Nowadays, it can only be found along the banks of the Yellow River in some cities in Gansu province. It has become a tool for people ___45___ (do) some sightseeing on the Yellow River.
【答案】36. a 37. and
38. are fastened
39. consisted
40. width 41. when
42. inconvenient
43. living 44. in
45. to do
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了黄河沿岸羊皮筏的制作流程和历史作用。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成，经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。sheepskin意为“带毛绵羊皮”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，前用不定冠词修饰，whole为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成，经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。分析句子结构可知，blowing和前文的heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying并列，应用and连接。故填and。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：然后将安全气囊固定在一个木制支架上，使其能够在水上运输人员和货物。分析句子结构可知，fasten作本句谓语，主语是airbags，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，前文用的是一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时。故填are fastened。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成，长22米，宽7米，令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知，consist作从句的谓语，根据时间状语in old times可知，用一般过去时。故填consisted。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成，长22米，宽7米，令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词，wide的名词形式是width。故填width。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：20世纪50年代以前，铁路尚未开通，公路交通不便，羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。故填when。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：20世纪50年代以前，铁路尚未开通，公路交通不便，羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是inconvenient意为“不方便”符合语境。故填inconvenient。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪50年代以前，铁路尚未开通，公路交通不便，羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词served，所以live用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是residents，两者是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，随着社会的飞速发展，羊皮筏已经在很大程度上发挥了它在运送人和货物方面的历史作用。此处是固定搭配：play role in意为“在某方面起作用”。故填in。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它已经成为人们在黄河上观光的工具。本句已有谓语动词has become，所以do用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处应是用不定式做主语。故填to do。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，请你代表你班同学给校长写一封信，反映你们学校食堂存在的问题，以引起学校重视并针对问题提出合理建议。食堂存在的问题如下：
1.菜价昂贵，菜式单一；
2.排队时间长，浪费午休时间；
3.味道不佳， 浪费现象严重。
注意: 1. 词数不少于120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
3. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Principal,
Recently, many students are discussing the problems of the canteen. The problems are as follow.
Some students think the prices of the dishes are too high and that the choices are too limited. Another concern is that the time spent in waiting is so long that we have less time to have a rest. Meanwhile, some students think that the taste of the food is awful, which leads to a lot of waste.
As far as I’m concerned, measures are supposed to be taken to improve the conditions of the canteen. First of all, it’s suggested that the prices be more reasonable and the choices of dishes be more various. In addition, it's better to open more service windows to reduce waiting time.
I sincerely hope you can adopt my suggestions. Thank you!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表同学们给校长写一封信，反映学校食堂存在的问题，以引起学校重视并针对问题提出合理建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
选择：choice→option
同时：meanwhile→at the same time
此外：in addition→besides
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I sincerely hope you can adopt my suggestions.
拓展句：I would appreciate it if you can adopt my suggestions.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Another concern is that the time spent in waiting is so long that we have less time to have a rest. (运用了that引导表语从句和结果状语从句)
[高分句型2] Meanwhile, some students think that the taste of the food is awful, which leads to a lot of waste. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
Oh no. Coach Cafferty just said my name. For that event. The two-hundred-metre breaststroke (蛙泳) for the coming meet! Not the backstroke (仰泳) I had wished and practiced for so long!
Beads of sweat popped out over my upper lip. Morgan pressed her elbow into my side, trying to offer me moral support. But it didn’t help. My stomach sank to my knees like a brick in water. Morgan tried to convince me it would be fine. “Maybe Coach has more confidence in you than you think. Or maybe Coach Cafferty just want to give the rest a laugh when I sink to the bottom of the pool,” I thought desperately. I walked towards Coach Cafferty and told her about my inability and my desire to quit this event. She frowned and asked if it was what I really wanted.
I hesitated. Placing her hand on my shoulder, she started smiling and encouraged me to push myself outside of my comfort zone.
The first practice was a disaster. I lost rhythm on my strokes. I messed up my turns. I even had to stop and catch my breath a few times. I felt everyone was laughing at me and my stomach twisted. How could I make it within just two weeks But once I dragged myself out of the water, exhausted and frustrated, Coach Cafferty thumbed up to me, saying I did really well and just needed more confidence in myself and more time to practice.
On the way back home, Morgan comforted me, “Dear, just ignore others. Race against yourself. Count your own strokes. Prove to yourself that you can do it.” With these words said to me almost every day, before or after each practice, something gradually changed: both how I swam the breaststroke and how I felt about the event as well as myself.
The meet finally came. I arrived at the pool hall, still a little bit worried. As each event clicked closer to mine, my knees shook. I bit my lip and looked out over the other swimmers. Morgan leaned forward. “Just swim your race. Remember, you can!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Then the two-hundred-milestone breaststroke was announced.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
There was only 50 meters to go.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Then the two-hundred-milestone breaststroke was announced. I could feel my heart was beating faster and faster. As the signal was released, I jumped into the water and swam with my whole strength. Without second thoughts in my mind, I was absorbed in this as if this was the only thing I need to do in the world. Morgan’s encouraging words appeared and I started to believe in myself.
Paragraph 2:
There was only 50 meters to go. I seemed almost to be reaching my limit. I even could feel a cramp in my calf. Although there were the mental and physical discomfort, I was determined to finish the race. I didn’t want to let my coach and Morgan down. Finally, I came to the finish line. I felt both tired and a sense of achievement. To my surprise, I won the second prize.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者要参加蛙泳比赛，非常担心，教练和朋友一直安慰鼓励作者，最终作者取得了好成绩。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“200米蛙泳宣布要开始了”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛的经过和心理活动。
②由第二段首句内容“只剩下50米了”可知，第二段可描写作者完成比赛，取得了第好成绩。
2.续写线索：比赛开始——投入比赛——想要放弃——继续坚持——完成比赛——获奖
3.词汇激活
行类
①释放，发出：release/ deliver
②完成：finish /complete
③失望：let sb. down/disappoint sb.
情绪类
①决心：determine / resolute
②鼓励的：encouraging / supporting
【点睛】[高分句型1] As the signal was released, I jumped into the water and swam with my whole strength. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Although there were the mental and physical discomfort, I was determined to finish the race. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)

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