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试卷类型：A
山东新高考联合质量测评12月联考试题
高三英语
2023.12
本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座号、考号填涂在相应位置。
2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂：非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，绘图时，可用2B铅笔作答，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区城内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分30分)
该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the speakers leave for their holiday
ATomorrow.
B.The day after tomorrow.
C.Three days later.
2How do the speakers feel
A.Tired.
B.Relaxed.
C.Careless.
3.What is the man’s current issue
A.He hurts his leg.
B.He’s starving
C.He has a fever.
4.What does the woman intend to do
A.Play a sport
B.Study science.
C.Do homework.
5.What kind of chocolate biscuits does Tom usually buy
A.White.
B.Milk.
C.Dark.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What did the man check secondly
A.Sight.
B.Heart.
CBlood pressure
7.Where might the speakers be
A.In a school.
B.In an eyeglass store.
C.In an emergency room.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What are the speakers talking about
A.Sharing a story.
B.Buying a newspaper
C.Placing an advertisement.
9.Who are the man’s customers
A.Old people.
B.Middle-aged people.
C.Young people.
10.What does the woman suggest
A.Trying the TV.
B.Trying the Internet.
C.Trying a special offer.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What will the speakers do next
A.Call in the trucks.
B.Do safety checks.
C.Take a lunch break.
12.What is the woman’s job
A.A chef.
B.An engineer
C.A child carer
13.How does the man feel about the woman’s career choice
A.Doubtful.
B.Worried.
C.Supportive.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What time is it
A.6·00 p.m.
B.8:00 p.m.
C.10:00 p.m.
15.Where will the speakers be going
A.To a cinema.
B.To a theater
C.To a sports stadium.
16.What is the woman probably doing
A.Taking a bath.
B.Shopping for a dress.
C.Getting dressed.
17.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Husband and wife.
B.Brother and sister.
C.Salesperson and customer.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
18.How many people were helped
A.Ten.
B.Fifteen
C.Twenty.
19.Why did the woman contact Rob and Mike later that day
A.To pay for her groceries.
B.To ask for more money
C.To express her thanks.
20.Which is the best description of Rob and Mike
A.Rich.
B.Generous
C.Independent.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Bright-line will officially begin its long-awaited high-speed train service to Orlando, Florida, on Friday. Here’s what travelers should know about Bright-line.
What cities does Bright-line serve in Florida
Bright-line serves Miami, Aventura, Boca Raton and West Palm Beach.Orlando service begins on Friday.
Bright-line aims to expand service to Tampa in its next phase.
How long will it take
Travel between Miami and Orlando is scheduled to take just over 3.5 hours, according to Bright-line’s website.
How much do Bright-line tickets cost
Bright-line offers two classes of service: Smart Fares, which is described as a “comfortable business class” with leather seats, power ports and free Wi-Fi, and Premium, which is comparable to first class with free snacks and drinks, priority boarding, checked bags and a special lounge.
One-way Smart fares between South Florida and Orlando start at $79 for a limited time for travelers 13 and older. The starting rate for kids between the ages of 2 and 12 is $39. Additionally, an automatic 25%off is applied to Smart Fares for groups of four or more people traveling together.
Premium fares start at $149.
Tickets can be purchased at Bright-line stations,on the company’s website and through its app.
Is there a student discount
Beginning this fall, students at select colleges and universities can receive up to 25%off Smart fares if they create their Bright-line account with their student email address.
The list of participating universities is available online.
Is Bright-line pet-friendly
Dogs and cats are allowed on Bright-line trains. The website’s pet policy says that pets must be leashed or crated while in Bright-line stations and on trains. The West Palm Beach and Fort Lauder dale stations have pet relief areas.
1. What is the minimum single fare for a couple with 10-year-old twins
A. 236. B. 177. C. 158. D. 59.
2. What is a must for college students to enjoy a 25%discount on the tickets
A. Taking Smart Fares.
B. Creating a bank account.
C. Providing their email address.
D. Participating in activities online.
3. What can we infer from the text
A. Any pet can be taken on Bright-line trains.
B. Bright-line will serve up to 6 six cities in Florida.
C. People can spend only 3.5 hours from Miami to Orlando.
D. Smart Fares offers more luxurious experiences than Premium.
B
During the pandemic, Tokyo’s lively Mejji University campus stood still. My students were restricted to their homes, appearing only as small figures on my screen during Zoom lectures on human-computer interaction. I spent the days in my lab, looking for ways to pass the time.
On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings. I wondered how I could contribute during these trying times. That’s when an idea struck: why not create a device to bring the flavor of the world into people’s homes
In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated. I dissolved foods such as pizza and fries, measured how they rated, then made 10 liquid samples that each represented a taste. When copying the taste of food, it’s like following a recipe; I combined the 10 liquid samples to reflect the taste sensor’s measurements of the dissolved dish.
Taste the TV (TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.
My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He focused on his lectures. B. He was bored of his current job.
C. He cherished the memory of the past. D. He disliked the quietness of the campus.
5. Why did the author mention the practices of Japanese companies
A. To test his idea. B. To stress his effort.
C. To inform his process. D. To introduce his inspiration.
6. What does paragraph 4 say about TTTV
A. The practical uses. B. The designing plan.
C. The working principle. D. The underlying logic.
7. What will the text talk about next
A. The popularity of our product. B. The upgrade release of our creation.
C. The difficulty of our new invention. D. The common feedback of our innovation.
C
The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the electricity department has kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not just the United States, where 100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a series of such heat waves around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power is unavailable. In Beijing July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum temperature above35℃, which means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves.
There are things to do as soon as the mercury (水银柱) rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess deaths associated with heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put hospitals on an emergency footing.
There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and,as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of white roofs. There are building codes to update so as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that workers are not endangered by midday heat.
All these measures are easier to take when a city has resources to devote to them. In the developing world, where a lack of air conditioning makes heat all the more deadly, such resources are scarce. What is needed for leaders is to take the issue seriously and for local politicians is to see cooling plans as a way to compete for votes. Unfortunately, such a strategy works best in places where voters have already felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what it will have to go on expecting for decades to come.
8. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook.
B. A news report.
C. An academic article.
D. A geography magazine.
9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To draw people’s attention.
C. To give examples of heatwaves.
D. To compare the heat of different places.
10. Which is not mentioned to deal with heat
A. Planting trees in proper places.
B. Making rules relative to heat controlling.
C. Taking care of the old and the fragile.
D. Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Dealing with the issue of heat is complicated.
B. Politicians struggle to tackle the issue of heat.
C. Many places haven’t sustained the severest heatwaves.
D A certain strategy operates best in the developing world.
D
“Just imagine it, chatting to a chimp in chimpanzee.” Whether portrayed by Rex Harrison, Eddie Murphy or Robert Downey, Jr.,Doctor Dolittle learned to talk to animals.But in reality, science has remained some distance from solving the long-standing question of how we humans learned to talk during our evolution.
Recently,a study by a team of researchers in Great Britain has demonstrated how the rapid succession of opening and closing mouth rhythms by chimpanzees—known as lip-smacking (砸吧嘴)—mimics the natural pace of human mouths talking.This phenomenon has been observed before in other ape species who performed lip-smacking movements at around 5 Hz, which falls within a range of mouth opens and closes characteristic of all spoken languages, namely between2 and 7 Hz.But it wasn’t until now that this lip-smacking timing connection had been made in our closest evolutionary relatives.The last years had seen accumulating evidence that these rhythms from deeper within our primate ancestry, recycled, so to speak,as a cornerstone for speech evolution.
“But the sense of evolutionary continuity towards speech still had a big gap to cross—the African apes.There was no evidence for speech like rhythm neither in gorillas, bonobos,nor chimpanzees”, says Adriano Lameira of the University of Warwick, who led the study. The study followed two domestic populations of chimpanzees, as well as two wild populations in Uganda. Researchers observed lip-smacking at an average of 4.15 Hz. They made all their observations whenever a chimpanzee was grooming(理毛；梳毛) another. Picture a hairdresser engaging in idle chatter with a customer at the beauty salon.
The confirmation of speech like rhythm of the mouth in chimpanzees does not reveal how language came about in our own ancestry, but it offers the final confirmation to scientists that we are looking at the right place, that we are on the right track to unlock this mystery and that great apes in enclosed areas and the wild still have to reveal all their secrets about human nature and human origins.
Lameira also notes that variation in lip-smacking times both between and within the chimp groups do not appear to be hard-wired. Rather, the lip-smacking variability likely reflects how individual differences and environmental factors, and even social conventions, affect how chimpanzees communicate with each other. Even Doctor Dolitle might well be amazed.
12. What does the new study reveal
A. We humans can talk to chimpanzees.
B. Chimpanzees like imitating humans talking.
C. A new clue of speech evolution has been found.
D. All apes perform the same lip-smacking rhythms as we humans do.
13. What is the significance of this study
A. Paving way for the following researches.
B. Proving the assumption of the scientists.
C. Confirming how language came into being.
D. Revealing the secrets about human evolution.
14. What does the underlined word “hard-wired” in the last paragraph mean
A. Tough. B. Cultivated. C. Variable. D. Inborn
15. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Cornerstone for Human Origin.
B. Research Value of Ape Species.
C. Human Speech Evolution Getting Lip-Smacking Evidence.
D. Chimpanzees Performing Speech like Lip-Smacking Movements.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health.
Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise.
The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety.
___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___
A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise.
B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors.
C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability.
D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood.
E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain.
F The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time.
G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a busy morning and I had several urgent tasks to complete. As I was walking by a noisy road, I saw an old lady standing perilously(危险地)close to the traffic. Although my mind was___21___, I realized that I should warn her to stay away from the ___22___traffic rushing by.
When I___23___her, I noticed that she was attempting to get attention of passers-by who were too busy to___24___her. She kept___25___to the middle of the road. When I tried to___26___ move her back further away from the road, she said that she had dropped her house key in the middle of the road. I knew I was getting___27___but determined to help.
It was the worst time of the day to cross a busy road without a traffic___28___. I cautiously ___29___onto the road waving my hands desperately and almost expecting to be____30____by an ongoing vehicle. At first, one lane____31____and then I moved further on. Just then a school bus was drawing near and I boldly stepped in front of it to stop it. My experience had been that school bus drivers were always____32____of reckless(不顾后果的)pedestrians like me. The school bus stopped exactly____33____the spot where the key had fallen. I quickly picked up the key and ran back. Although the bus driver sounded the horn violently at my recklessness, the school children who were watching my actions ____34____a cheer and clapped.
The old lady embraced me warmly as I gave back the key. I hope the school children would do the same when their ____35____comes in life, but safety comes first.
21. A. blank B. preoccupied C. active D. affected
22. A. chaotic B. smooth C. orderly D. long
23. A. approached B. called C. grabbed D. whispered
24. A. peer at B. glare at C. take care of D. take note of
25. A. pointing B. heading C. waving D. turning
26. A. comfortably B. deliberately C. seriously D. gently
27. A. distributed B. delayed C. supervised D. scolded
28. A. jam B. board C. light D. sign
29. A. stepped B. skipped C. dashed D. stamped
30. A. attacked B. crashed C. hit D. shot
31. A. missed B. stopped C. changed D. inched
32. A. considerable B. controversial C. considerate D. conventional
33. A. above B. to C. opposite D. for
34. A. let off B. let out C. jumped at D. jumped to
35. A. business B. fortune C. help D. turn
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests. Often ___36___ (perceive) as a negative emotion, anger can actually be powerful ___37___ (motivate) for people to meet challenging targets in their lives. It is useful in achieving more challenging goals, ___38___ does not appear to be linked to easier tasks.The finding also suggests emotions that are often considered negative,such as anger,boredom,or sadness,can be useful.
Lead author Heather Lench, a professor at Texas A and M University, USA, stated that people often believed a state of happiness was___39___ ideal, and the majority of people regarded the pursuit of happiness as a major life goal.” The view that positive emotions are perfect for mental health and well being ___40___ (be) noticeable in psychological accounts of emotion, but many researches suggest a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, result in ___41___ (good) outcomes.” She added that the functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions ___42___ events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting that person to important situations that require actions.
In the study researchers conducted experiments___43___ (involve) more than 1,000 people, and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. The researchers found that anger increased effort towards attaining a desired goal, ___44___ (frequent) leading to greater success and the effects of anger in encouraging people to reach for and achieve their goals were specific to situations ____45____ the goals were more difficult to realize.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jane来信说她在“留学生中国传统文化剪纸竞赛”中获得了第一名。请你给她写一封邮件表示祝贺，内容包括：
1.表示祝贺；
2.肯定她的付出并期待深度交流；
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Jane:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The 26-year-old mother stared down at her son who suffered leukemia(白血病). Although her heart was filled with sadness, she also had a strong feeling of determination. Like any parent she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams. Now that was no longer possible. The leukemia would see to that. But she still wanted her son’s dreams to come true.
She took her son’s hand and asked, “Bopsy, did you ever think about what you wanted to be when you grew up Did you ever dream and wish about what you would do with your life ” “Mommy, I always wanted to be a fireman when I grew up.” Mom smiled back and said, “Let’s see if we can make your wish come true.” Later that day she went to her local fire department in Phoenix, Arizona, where she met Fireman Bob, who had a heart as big as Phoenix. She explained her son’s final wish and asked if it might be possible to give her six-year-old son a ride around the block on a fire engine.
Fireman Bob said, “Look, we can do better than that. If you’ll have your son ready at seven o’clock Wednesday morning, we’ll make him an honorary fireman for the whole day. He can come down to the fire station, eat with us, go out on all the fire calls, the whole nine yards!
And, if you’ll give us his sizes, we’ll get a real fire uniform made for him, with a real fire hat—not a toy one—with the emblem of the Phoenix Fire Department on it, a yellow slicker like we wear and rubber boots. They’re all manufactured right here in Phoenix, so we can get them fast.”
Three days later, Fireman Bob picked up Bopsy, dressed him in his fire uniform and accompanied him from his hospital bed to the waiting hook and ladder truck. Bopsy got to sit up on the back of the truck and help steer it back to the fire station. He was in heaven. There were three fire calls in Phoenix that day and Bopsy got to go out on all three calls. He rode in the different fire engines, the paramedics’ van and even the fire chiefs car. He was also videotaped for the local news program.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 ABCAA 6-10 BACAC 11-15 CBCAB 16-20 CABCB试卷类型：A
山东新高考联合质量测评12月联考试题
高三英语
2023.12
本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座号、考号填涂在相应位置。
2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂：非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，绘图时，可用2B铅笔作答，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区城内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分30分)
该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the speakers leave for their holiday
A.Tomorrow.
B.The day after tomorrow.
C.Three days later.
2.How do the speakers feel
A.Tired.
B.Relaxed.
C.Careless.
3.What is the man’s current issue
A.He hurts his leg.
B.He’s starving
C.He has a fever.
4.What does the woman intend to do
A.Play a sport
B.Study science.
C.Do homework.
5.What kind of chocolate biscuits does Tom usually buy
A.White.
B.Milk.
C.Dark.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What did the man check secondly
A.Sight.
B.Heart.
C.Blood pressure
7Where might the speakers be
A.In a school.
B.In an eyeglass store.
C.In an emergency room.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What are the speakers talking about
A.Sharing a story.
B.Buying a newspaper
C.Placing an advertisement.
9.Who are the man’s customers
A.Old people.
B.Middle-aged people.
C.Young people.
10.What does the woman suggest
A.Trying the TV.
B.Trying the Internet.
C.Trying a special offer.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What will the speakers do next
A.Call in the trucks.
B.Do safety checks.
C.Take a lunch break.
12.What is the woman’s job
A.A chef.
B.An engineer
C.A child carer
13.How does the man feel about the woman’s career choice
A.Doubtful.
B.Worried.
C.Supportive.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What time is it
A.6·00 p.m.
B.8:00 p.m.
C.10:00 p.m.
15.Where will the speakers be going
A.To a cinema.
B.To a theater
C.To a sports stadium.
16What is the woman probably doing
A.Taking a bath.
B.Shopping for a dress.
C.Getting dressed.
17.What is the relationship between the speakers
A.Husband and wife.
B.Brother and sister.
C.Salesperson and customer.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
18.How many people were helped
A.Ten.
B.Fifteen
C.Twenty.
19.Why did the woman contact Rob and Mike later that day
A.To pay for her groceries.
B.To ask for more money
C.To express her thanks.
20.Which is the best description of Rob and Mike
A.Rich.
B.Generous
C.Independent.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Bright-line will officially begin its long-awaited high-speed train service to Orlando, Florida, on Friday. Here’s what travelers should know about Bright-line.
What cities does Bright-line serve in Florida
Bright-line serves Miami, Aventura, Boca Raton and West Palm Beach.Orlando service begins on Friday.
Bright-line aims to expand service to Tampa in its next phase.
How long will it take
Travel between Miami and Orlando is scheduled to take just over 3.5 hours, according to Bright-line’s website.
How much do Bright-line tickets cost
Bright-line offers two classes of service: Smart Fares, which is described as a “comfortable business class” with leather seats, power ports and free Wi-Fi, and Premium, which is comparable to first class with free snacks and drinks, priority boarding, checked bags and a special lounge.
One-way Smart fares between South Florida and Orlando start at $79 for a limited time for travelers 13 and older. The starting rate for kids between the ages of 2 and 12 is $39. Additionally, an automatic 25%off is applied to Smart Fares for groups of four or more people traveling together.
Premium fares start at $149.
Tickets can be purchased at Bright-line stations,on the company’s website and through its app.
Is there a student discount
Beginning this fall, students at select colleges and universities can receive up to 25%off Smart fares if they create their Bright-line account with their student email address.
The list of participating universities is available online.
Is Bright-line pet-friendly
Dogs and cats are allowed on Bright-line trains. The website’s pet policy says that pets must be leashed or crated while in Bright-line stations and on trains. The West Palm Beach and Fort Lauder dale stations have pet relief areas.
1. What is the minimum single fare for a couple with 10-year-old twins
A. 236. B. 177. C. 158. D. 59.
2. What is a must for college students to enjoy a 25%discount on the tickets
A. Taking Smart Fares.
B. Creating a bank account.
C. Providing their email address.
D. Participating in activities online.
3. What can we infer from the text
A. Any pet can be taken on Bright-line trains.
B. Bright-line will serve up to 6 six cities in Florida.
C. People can spend only 3.5 hours from Miami to Orlando.
D. Smart Fares offers more luxurious experiences than Premium.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将启动的“Bright-line”的一些相关信息，包括票价、路程、服务等等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“How much do Bright-line tickets cost ”部分中的“One-way Smart fares between South Florida and Orlando start at $79 for a limited time for travelers 13 and older. The starting rate for kids between the ages of 2 and 12 is $39. Additionally, an automatic 25%off is applied to Smart Fares for groups of four or more people traveling together. (南佛罗里达和奥兰多之间的单程Smart票，13岁及以上旅客限时起价79美元。2至12岁儿童的起价为39美元。此外，对于四人或四人以上的团体旅行，Smart Fares自动提供25%的折扣。)”可知，一对夫妻带两个12岁的儿童，所需费用为：79*2+39*2=236美元，然后由于四人出行，自动提供25%的折扣。也就是236*0.75=177美元。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Is there a student discount ”部分中的“Beginning this fall, students at select colleges and universities can receive up to 25%off Smart fares if they create their Bright-line account with their student email address.(从今年秋季开始，部分院校的学生如果用自己的学生电子邮件地址创建Bright-line账户，就可以享受最高25%的Smart票价优惠。)”可知，大学生如果用自己的学生电子邮件地址创建Bright-line账户，就可以享受最高25%的Smart票价优惠。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“What cities does Bright-line serve in Florida ”部分中的“Miami, Aventura, Boca Raton and West Palm Beach. Orlando service begins on Friday.(Bright-line服务于迈阿密、阿文图拉、博卡拉顿和西棕榈滩。奥兰多的服务将于周五开始。)”以及“Bright-line aims to expand service to Tampa in its next phase.(Bright-line计划在下一阶段将服务扩展到坦帕。)”可知，Bright-line将会服务于佛罗里达州的6个城市。故选B。
B
During the pandemic, Tokyo’s lively Mejji University campus stood still. My students were restricted to their homes, appearing only as small figures on my screen during Zoom lectures on human-computer interaction. I spent the days in my lab, looking for ways to pass the time.
On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings. I wondered how I could contribute during these trying times. That’s when an idea struck: why not create a device to bring the flavor of the world into people’s homes
In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated. I dissolved foods such as pizza and fries, measured how they rated, then made 10 liquid samples that each represented a taste. When copying the taste of food, it’s like following a recipe; I combined the 10 liquid samples to reflect the taste sensor’s measurements of the dissolved dish.
Taste the TV (TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.
My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He focused on his lectures. B. He was bored of his current job.
C. He cherished the memory of the past. D. He disliked the quietness of the campus.
5. Why did the author mention the practices of Japanese companies
A. To test his idea. B. To stress his effort.
C. To inform his process. D. To introduce his inspiration.
6. What does paragraph 4 say about TTTV
A. The practical uses. B. The designing plan.
C. The working principle. D. The underlying logic.
7. What will the text talk about next
A. The popularity of our product. B. The upgrade release of our creation.
C. The difficulty of our new invention. D. The common feedback of our innovation.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者发明了一种名为TTTV的东西，人们可以通过TTTV品尝到不同食物的味道，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings.(在2020年一个特别平淡无奇的日子里，我回忆起在大流行之前，东京曾经挤满了从世界各地飞来享受令人兴奋的美食的人们。但现在餐馆里空无一人，人们渴望吃到他们曾经喜欢的食物。我怀念在酒吧里喝葡萄酒，看着别人享受夜晚)”可知，作者珍惜对过去的回忆。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated.(在日本，公司使用味道传感器来监控产品的质量。这些设备测量五种基本味道的强度——咸、甜、酸、苦、鲜——并为每一种味道赋值。我突然意识到，如果味道可以被量化，也许它也可以被重新创造)”可推知，作者提到日本公司的做法是为了介绍他的灵感。故选D。
6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Taste the TV(TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.(2021年发布的TTTV看起来像电视屏幕，但你可以舔它。一旦观众从屏幕菜单中选择了一道菜，就会出现食物的图像，屏幕上方一个装有我的液体风味样品的设备会喷射出所选食物的味道。然后，喷雾器会在屏幕上卷上薄膜，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道)”可知，第四段介绍了TTTV的工作原理。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.(我的发明在全世界都很受欢迎。我和我的学生们对寻找其他挑战传统媒体享受方式的方法很感兴趣，我们知道我们想扩展TTTV)”可推知，文章接下来要讲创造的升级版本。故选B。
C
The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the electricity department has kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not just the United States, where 100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a series of such heat waves around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power is unavailable. In Beijing July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum temperature above35℃, which means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves.
There are things to do as soon as the mercury (水银柱) rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess deaths associated with heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put hospitals on an emergency footing.
There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and,as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of white roofs. There are building codes to update so as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that workers are not endangered by midday heat.
All these measures are easier to take when a city has resources to devote to them. In the developing world, where a lack of air conditioning makes heat all the more deadly, such resources are scarce. What is needed for leaders is to take the issue seriously and for local politicians is to see cooling plans as a way to compete for votes. Unfortunately, such a strategy works best in places where voters have already felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what it will have to go on expecting for decades to come.
8. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook.
B. A news report.
C. An academic article.
D. A geography magazine.
9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To draw people’s attention.
C. To give examples of heatwaves.
D. To compare the heat of different places.
10. Which is not mentioned to deal with heat
A. Planting trees in proper places.
B. Making rules relative to heat controlling.
C. Taking care of the old and the fragile.
D. Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Dealing with the issue of heat is complicated.
B. Politicians struggle to tackle the issue of heat.
C. Many places haven’t sustained the severest heatwaves.
D. A certain strategy operates best in the developing world.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了如何应对极端高温天气和气候变化带来的挑战，提出了一些具体的措施和建议。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the electricity department has kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not just the United States, where 100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a series of such heatwaves around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power is unavailable. In Beijing July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum temperature above35℃, which means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves. (自7月初以来，佛罗里达州发生的最好的事情是电力部门一直在运作。据报道，日最高气温在43℃以上。受影响的不只是美国，那里有1亿人处于高温预警状态。目前，世界各地都出现了一系列这样的热浪。从马德里到开罗，气温超过40摄氏度，电力供应中断。7月18日，北京的最高气温连续第27天超过35℃，打破了23年来的纪录，这意味着人们在这段时间里甚至没有享受到一天的凉爽。全球变暖增加了各种极端事件发生的可能性，也增加了它们呈波浪状出现的可能性。)”可知，文章探讨了如何应对极端高温天气和气候变化带来的挑战，提出了一些具体的措施和建议。这与地理杂志可能会报道的内容相符。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容“By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves. (全球变暖增加了各种极端事件发生的可能性，也增加了它们呈波浪状出现的可能性。)”以及第二段“There are things to do as soon as the mercury(水银柱)rises. (气温一升，就有事情要做。)”可推测，第一段是为了引出本文主题，也就是高温情况下，我们需要如何做。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess deaths associated with heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put hospitals on an emergency footing.”（把无家可归的人送到冷却站；鼓励人们照顾年迈的邻居、体弱的公民，尤其是80岁以上的女性，她们在与热浪相关的超额死亡中占绝大多数；让那些必须在外面工作的人能够在早上工作；使医院为紧急医疗事件做好准备。）以及第三段“There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and, as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of white roofs. There are building codes to update so as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that workers are not endangered by midday heat. (也有一些事情需要提前完成。弄清风险最大的人住在哪里是至关重要的。有一件事能帮上忙，那就是决定在哪里种树，这些树既能遮荫，又能通过树叶蒸发水分，给空气降温。建筑环境需要做出明智的选择，从最好的人行道和被动冷却庭院设计到流行的白色屋顶。有一些建筑规范需要更新，以使这些选择更容易，也有一些法规需要修改，以使工人不会受到正午高温的威胁。)”可知，选项D“Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly(鼓励户外员工灵活工作。)”并未提及。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Unfortunately, such a strategy works best in places where voters have already felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what it will have to go on expecting for decades to come. (不幸的是，这种策略在选民已经感受到不采取行动后果的地方效果最好。一些研究显示，许多地方遭受恶性热浪的风险正在增加，但尚未经历一次特别令人不安的热浪。佛罗里达州至少知道该期待什么，以及未来几十年它将不得不期待什么。)”可知，还有很多地方没有经历过严重的热浪。故选C。
D
“Just imagine it, chatting to a chimp in chimpanzee.” Whether portrayed by Rex Harrison, Eddie Murphy or Robert Downey, Jr.,Doctor Dolittle learned to talk to animals.But in reality, science has remained some distance from solving the long-standing question of how we humans learned to talk during our evolution.
Recently,a study by a team of researchers in Great Britain has demonstrated how the rapid succession of opening and closing mouth rhythms by chimpanzees—known as lip-smacking (砸吧嘴)—mimics the natural pace of human mouths talking.This phenomenon has been observed before in other ape species who performed lip-smacking movements at around 5 Hz, which falls within a range of mouth opens and closes characteristic of all spoken languages, namely between2 and 7 Hz.But it wasn’t until now that this lip-smacking timing connection had been made in our closest evolutionary relatives.The last years had seen accumulating evidence that these rhythms from deeper within our primate ancestry, recycled, so to speak,as a cornerstone for speech evolution.
“But the sense of evolutionary continuity towards speech still had a big gap to cross—the African apes.There was no evidence for speech like rhythm neither in gorillas, bonobos,nor chimpanzees”, says Adriano Lameira of the University of Warwick, who led the study. The study followed two domestic populations of chimpanzees, as well as two wild populations in Uganda. Researchers observed lip-smacking at an average of 4.15 Hz. They made all their observations whenever a chimpanzee was grooming(理毛；梳毛) another. Picture a hairdresser engaging in idle chatter with a customer at the beauty salon.
The confirmation of speech like rhythm of the mouth in chimpanzees does not reveal how language came about in our own ancestry, but it offers the final confirmation to scientists that we are looking at the right place, that we are on the right track to unlock this mystery and that great apes in enclosed areas and the wild still have to reveal all their secrets about human nature and human origins.
Lameira also notes that variation in lip-smacking times both between and within the chimp groups do not appear to be hard-wired. Rather, the lip-smacking variability likely reflects how individual differences and environmental factors, and even social conventions, affect how chimpanzees communicate with each other. Even Doctor Dolitle might well be amazed.
12. What does the new study reveal
A. We humans can talk to chimpanzees.
B. Chimpanzees like imitating humans talking.
C. A new clue of speech evolution has been found.
D. All apes perform the same lip-smacking rhythms as we humans do.
13. What is the significance of this study
A. Paving way for the following researches.
B. Proving the assumption of the scientists.
C. Confirming how language came into being.
D. Revealing the secrets about human evolution.
14. What does the underlined word “hard-wired” in the last paragraph mean
A. Tough. B. Cultivated. C. Variable. D. Inborn
15. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Cornerstone for Human Origin.
B. Research Value of Ape Species.
C. Human Speech Evolution Getting Lip-Smacking Evidence.
D. Chimpanzees Performing Speech like Lip-Smacking Movements.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究介绍了一项关于黑猩猩砸吧嘴行为的研究，并探讨了这种行为与人类语言起源之间的联系。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Recently, a study by a team of researchers in Great Britain has demonstrated how the rapid succession of opening and closing mouth rhythms by chimpanzees—known as lip-smacking (砸吧嘴)—mimics the natural pace of human mouths talking. This phenomenon has been observed before in other ape species who performed lip-smacking movements at around 5 Hz, which falls within a range of mouth opens and closes characteristic of all spoken languages, namely between2 and 7 Hz. But it wasn’t until now that this lip-smacking timing connection had been made in our closest evolutionary relatives.(最近，英国一组研究人员的一项研究表明，黑猩猩张嘴和闭口的快速连续节奏——被称为咂嘴——是如何模仿人类说话的自然节奏的。这一现象之前在其他类人猿身上也被观察到，它们在5赫兹左右的频率下进行咂嘴动作，这一频率属于所有口语的张嘴和闭口特征范围，即2到7赫兹之间。但直到现在，这种咂嘴的时间联系才出现在我们最亲近的进化亲戚身上。)”可知，这项研究揭示了一项语言进化的新线索。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The confirmation of speech like rhythm of the mouth in chimpanzees does not reveal how language came about in our own ancestry, but it offers the final confirmation to scientists that we are looking at the right place, that we are on the right track to unlock this mystery and that great apes in enclosed areas and the wild still have to reveal all their secrets about human nature and human origins.(对黑猩猩口型等语言的确认并不能揭示语言是如何在我们自己的祖先中产生的，但它向科学家们提供了最后的确认，即我们正在寻找正确的地方，我们正在正确的轨道上解开这个谜团，而在封闭地区和野外的类人猿仍然需要揭示他们关于人性和人类起源的所有秘密。)”可知，这项研究不能揭示语言是如何在我们自己的祖先中产生的，但是可以为后续研究铺平道路。故选A。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“Rather, the lip-smacking variability likely reflects how individual differences and environmental factors, and even social conventions, affect how chimpanzees communicate with each other. Even Doctor Dolitle might well be amazed.(相反，咂嘴的差异可能反映了个体差异和环境因素，甚至社会习俗如何影响黑猩猩彼此之间的交流。甚至连Dolitle医生都可能感到惊讶。)”可知，咂嘴这一行为反映了个体差异和环境因素的影响，也就是说并不是天生的。选项A“Tough (艰难的)”；选项B“Cultivated (有教养的)”；选项C“Variable (易变的)”；选项D“Inborn (天生的)”。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Recently, a study by a team of researchers in Great Britain has demonstrated how the rapid succession of opening and closing mouth rhythms by chimpanzees—known as lip-smacking (砸吧嘴)—mimics the natural pace of human mouths talking. This phenomenon has been observed before in other ape species who performed lip-smacking movements at around 5 Hz, which falls within a range of mouth opens and closes characteristic of all spoken languages, namely between2 and 7 Hz. But it wasn’t until now that this lip-smacking timing connection had been made in our closest evolutionary relatives.(最近，英国一组研究人员的一项研究表明，黑猩猩张嘴和闭口的快速连续节奏——被称为咂嘴——是如何模仿人类说话的自然节奏的。这一现象之前在其他类人猿身上也被观察到，它们在5赫兹左右的频率下进行咂嘴动作，这一频率属于所有口语的张嘴和闭口特征范围，即2到7赫兹之间。但直到现在，这种咂嘴的时间联系才出现在我们最亲近的进化亲戚身上。)”以及全文的内容可知，文章主要探讨了人类语言进化的新证据，特别是关于黑猩猩砸吧嘴行为的观察和研究。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health.
Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise.
The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety.
___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___
A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise.
B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors.
C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability.
D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood.
E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain.
F. The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time.
G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育运动对孩子学习的重要影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. (如果你认为孩子的学习成绩完全取决于学习时间，那你就大错特错了。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明好成绩是多种因素的结果。故B选项“事实上，好成绩是多种因素的结果。”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. (体育活动和健康实际上可以提高一个人的学习能力。根据一项研究，锻炼可以显著提高孩子的认知能力、健康状况和学习成绩。有规律的有氧运动可以增强海马体的功能，海马体是大脑中与学习和语言记忆有关的区域。)”以及后文“Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise .(甚至那些经常锻炼的人的前额叶皮层和内侧颞叶皮层——大脑中控制思维和记忆的部分——也比那些不锻炼的人的大脑更健康。)”可知，前后文都提到了提高记忆能力，推测本句是在说明运动对大脑其他能力的影响。故E选项“其他形式的运动，如平衡运动，确实能提高大脑的认知能力。”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“It will also reduce stress and anxiety. (它也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，本句在说明运动的好处，后文it指代D选项中getting enough exercise。故D选项“此外，足够的运动可以改善睡眠质量和情绪。”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. (研究表明，增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果。此外，如果在一天的前半部分或中午进行体育锻炼，而不是在一天结束时进行体育锻炼，那么体育锻炼对认知的最大好处就会显现出来。)”可知，后文提到了“增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果”，F选项中increasing class time对应后文added study length。故F选项“上学期间锻炼的好处超过了增加上课时间所带来的好处。”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. (根据北卡罗来纳州最近的一项研究，每周只需一小时的锻炼就能带来巨大的变化。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出体育活动的重要性。故G选项“因此，体育活动应该被视为一个核心的教育问题，而不是一个无关紧要的选择。”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a busy morning and I had several urgent tasks to complete. As I was walking by a noisy road, I saw an old lady standing perilously(危险地)close to the traffic. Although my mind was___21___, I realized that I should warn her to stay away from the ___22___traffic rushing by.
When I___23___her, I noticed that she was attempting to get attention of passers-by who were too busy to___24___her. She kept___25___to the middle of the road. When I tried to___26___ move her back further away from the road, she said that she had dropped her house key in the middle of the road. I knew I was getting___27___but determined to help.
It was the worst time of the day to cross a busy road without a traffic___28___. I cautiously ___29___onto the road waving my hands desperately and almost expecting to be____30____by an ongoing vehicle. At first, one lane____31____and then I moved further on. Just then a school bus was drawing near and I boldly stepped in front of it to stop it. My experience had been that school bus drivers were always____32____of reckless(不顾后果的)pedestrians like me. The school bus stopped exactly____33____the spot where the key had fallen. I quickly picked up the key and ran back. Although the bus driver sounded the horn violently at my recklessness, the school children who were watching my actions ____34____a cheer and clapped.
The old lady embraced me warmly as I gave back the key. I hope the school children would do the same when their ____35____comes in life, but safety comes first.
21. A. blank B. preoccupied C. active D. affected
22. A. chaotic B. smooth C. orderly D. long
23. A. approached B. called C. grabbed D. whispered
24. A. peer at B. glare at C. take care of D. take note of
25. A. pointing B. heading C. waving D. turning
26. A. comfortably B. deliberately C. seriously D. gently
27. A. distributed B. delayed C. supervised D. scolded
28. A. jam B. board C. light D. sign
29. A. stepped B. skipped C. dashed D. stamped
30. A. attacked B. crashed C. hit D. shot
31. A. missed B. stopped C. changed D. inched
32. A. considerable B. controversial C. considerate D. conventional
33. A. above B. to C. opposite D. for
34. A. let off B. let out C. jumped at D. jumped to
35. A. business B. fortune C. help D. turn
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是作者帮助一位老人捡掉在繁忙马路上钥匙的经历。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的脑子里满是心事，但我意识到我应该警告她远离混乱的车辆。A. blank空白的；茫然的；B. preoccupied心事重重的；全神贯注的；C. active积极的；D. affected被影响的；打动的。根据文章开头“It was a busy morning and I had several urgent tasks to complete.”可知我需要处理的事情很多，所以心事重重。故选 B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的脑子里满是心事，但我意识到我应该警告她远离混乱的车辆。A. chaotic混乱的；B. smooth光滑的；平坦的；C. orderly有条理的；D. long长的。根据前文“I saw an old lady standing perilously(危险地)close to the traffic.”以及后文“She kept ___5___ to the middle of the road.”以及“It was the worst time of the day to cross a busy road without a traffic ___8___ .”可知此处指老太太正站在车水马龙中，所以车辆应该是混乱的。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走近她时，我注意到她正试图引起那些太忙而没有注意到她的路人的注意。A. approached临近；接洽；B. called把……叫做；称呼；C. grabbed攫取；匆忙做；D. whispered低声；耳语。根据后文“When I tried to ___6___ move her back further away from the road,”可知我想警告她远离混乱的车辆，所以走近了她。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我走近她时，我注意到她正试图引起那些太忙而没有注意到她的路人的注意。A. peer at凝视；B. glare at怒视；C. take care of照料；照看；D. take note of注意。根据空前“I noticed that she was attempting to get attention of passers-by who were too busy to”可知老人想要引起路人的注意，但是并没有人去注意她。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不停地指着路中间。A. pointing指着；B. heading朝向；C. waving挥手；D. turning转身；旋转。根据后文“to the middle of the road. When I tried to ___6___ move her back further away from the road, she said that she had dropped her house key in the middle of the road.”可知因为钥匙掉在了马路中间，所以老人一直在指着路中间的地方，point to“指向”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我试图轻轻地把她领到离马路远一点的地方时，她说她把钥匙掉在路中间了。A. comfortably舒服地；B. deliberately故意地；C. seriously严肃地；认真地；D. gently温柔地。根据空后“move her back further away from the road,”可知此处指作者想要警告老人离开马路但又怕惊吓到她，所以是轻轻地。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我被耽搁了，但我决心帮忙。A. distributed分发；B. delayed耽搁；C. supervised监督；D. scolded责备。根据前文“It was a busy morning and I had several urgent tasks to complete.”可知那一天上午作者有很多事情需要处理，所以可以推测帮老人捡钥匙一定会耽误个人的事情。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一天中穿过没有红绿灯的繁忙道路的最糟糕的时间。A. jam果酱；拥挤；B. board木板；告示牌；C. light灯光；光线；D. sign符号；迹象。根据空前的“without a traffic”可知此处表示交通灯。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我小心翼翼地走上马路，绝望地挥舞着双手，几乎预料到会被行驶中的车辆撞到。A. stepped行走；B. skipped跳过；C. dashed猛冲；急奔；D. stamped 跺脚；踩。根据空前“I knew I was getting ___7___ but determined to help.”以及空后“onto the road”可知因为作者打算帮助老人，所以他一定会走到马路中间去。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我小心翼翼地走上马路，绝望地挥舞着双手，几乎预料到会被行驶中的车辆撞到。A. attacked攻击；B. crashed崩溃；碰撞；破产；C. hit撞击；打；D. shot射击。根据前文“It was the worst time of the day to cross a busy road without a traffic ___8___ .”以及空后“by an ongoing vehicle”可以推测作者在车水马龙中极有可能会被来往的车辆撞到。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，一条车道上的车停了下来，然后我继续往前走。就在这时，一辆校车驶近了，我大胆地走到它的前面去阻止它前进。A. missed想念；错过；B. stopped停下；阻止；C. changed改变；D. inched 缓慢移动；逐渐增加。根据后文 “then I moved further on.”可知作者能够继续移动一定是因为车道上的车停住了。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的经验是，校车司机总是体谅像我这样不顾后果的行人。A. considerable相当大的；相当多的；B. controversial有争议的；C. considerate考虑周到的；体贴的；D. conventional常规的。根据后文“The school bus stopped exactly ___13___ the spot where the key had fallen.”可知校车司机对于作者这样鲁莽的路人能够及时刹车，所以是非常体贴的。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：校车正好停在钥匙掉下来的地方对面。A. above在……上面；B. to朝；到某处；C. opposite在……对面；D. for为了；对于。根据后文“the spot where the key had fallen. I quickly picked up the key and ran back.”可知校车刚好在钥匙掉的对面停下来。故选 C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管公共汽车司机对我的鲁莽粗暴地按响了喇叭，但观看我行为的学生们还是发出了欢呼和掌声。A. let off释放；允许某人下车；B. let out发出；泄露；C. jumped at欣然接受；D. jumped to赶快；立即。根据后文“cheer and clapped”可知校车上的孩子们通过欢呼鼓掌的方式对我鲁莽的行为表示称赞。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望当轮到他们的时候，学生们在人生中也能这样做，但安全是第一位的。A. business生意；买卖；公事；B. fortune运气；财富；C. help帮助；D. turn转动；转向；机会。根据空前“I hope the school children would do the same”可知此处表示我希望学生们如果有机会碰到这样的事情也会这样做。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests. Often ___36___ (perceive) as a negative emotion, anger can actually be powerful ___37___ (motivate) for people to meet challenging targets in their lives. It is useful in achieving more challenging goals, ___38___ does not appear to be linked to easier tasks.The finding also suggests emotions that are often considered negative,such as anger,boredom,or sadness,can be useful.
Lead author Heather Lench, a professor at Texas A and M University, USA, stated that people often believed a state of happiness was___39___ ideal, and the majority of people regarded the pursuit of happiness as a major life goal.” The view that positive emotions are perfect for mental health and well being ___40___ (be) noticeable in psychological accounts of emotion, but many researches suggest a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, result in ___41___ (good) outcomes.” She added that the functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions ___42___ events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting that person to important situations that require actions.
In the study researchers conducted experiments___43___ (involve) more than 1,000 people, and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. The researchers found that anger increased effort towards attaining a desired goal, ___44___ (frequent) leading to greater success and the effects of anger in encouraging people to reach for and achieve their goals were specific to situations ____45____ the goals were more difficult to realize.
【答案】36. perceived
37. motivation
38. but 39. an
40. is##has been
41 better 42. to
43. involving
44. frequently
45. where
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明，生气可能有助于你实现目标。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：愤怒通常被视为一种负面情绪，但实际上它可以成为人们实现生活中具有挑战性目标的强大动力。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“anger”和动词“perceive”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填perceived。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：愤怒通常被视为一种负面情绪，但实际上它可以成为人们实现生活中具有挑战性目标的强大动力。根据空格前的形容词powerful分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式作表语。故填motivation。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：它在实现更具挑战性的目标时很有用，但似乎与更容易的任务无关。空前“It is useful in achieving more challenging goals”和空后“does not appear to be linked to easier tasks”之间存在转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该研究的主要作者、美国德克萨斯农工大学的教授Heather Lench说，人们通常认为幸福是一种理想状态，大多数人把追求幸福作为主要的生活目标。名词“ideal”意为“理想的状态、生活”时，是可数名词，可用不定冠词修饰表示泛指；ideal为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：积极的情绪对心理健康和幸福是完美的，这一观点在情绪的心理学描述中是显而易见的，但许多研究表明，包括愤怒等消极情绪在内的多种情绪会产生更好的结果。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时或现在完成时；主语为“the view”，谓语动词用单数。故填is或has been。
【41题详解】
考查比较级。句意：积极的情绪对心理健康和幸福是完美的，这一观点在情绪的心理学描述中是显而易见的，但许多研究表明，包括愤怒等消极情绪在内的多种情绪会产生更好的结果。根据上文“Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests.”可知，愤怒会帮助我们实现目标，也就是说，愤怒的清醒会产生更好的结果，用比较级形式。故填better。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：她补充说，情感的功能主义理论表明，所有的情绪，无论是好是坏，都是对一个人所处环境中的事件的反应，其目的是提醒这个人注意需要采取行动的重要情况。名词“reaction”和介词“to”搭配，构成短语：one’s reaction to，意为“对……的反应”，符合句意。故填to。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员进行了涉及1000多人的实验，并分析了1400多名受访者的调查数据。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“experiments”和动词“involve”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填involving。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究人员发现，愤怒会增加人们为达到预期目标所付出的努力，往往会带来更大的成功，而愤怒在鼓励人们追求和实现目标方面的效果，只适用于那些目标更难实现的情况。修饰动词短语“lead to”用副词形式。故填frequently。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员发现，愤怒会增加人们为达到预期目标所付出的努力，往往会带来更大的成功，而愤怒在鼓励人们追求和实现目标方面的效果，只适用于那些目标更难实现的情况。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“situations”，在定语从句中担当虚拟性地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jane来信说她在“留学生中国传统文化剪纸竞赛”中获得了第一名。请你给她写一封邮件表示祝贺，内容包括：
1.表示祝贺；
2.肯定她的付出并期待深度交流；
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Jane:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jane,
Learning that you have gained the first place in the Chinese Traditional Culture Paper-cutting Competition for International Students, I’m more than delighted to write to extend my sincere congratulations to you.
As the saying goes, you reap what you sow. From my perspective, your efforts paid off. It was your passion and hard work that contributed to your winning. Keen on Chinese traditional culture paper-cutting, you have long been devoted to learning from masters and keeping practicing constantly. What you have committed to counts.
I expect you could share your experience and reflection with me. I am terribly thirsty for cultivating my culture consciousness and enhancing my practical abilities. Once again, congratulations on your splendid achievement.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的祝贺信。要求考生给美国朋友Jane写信，祝贺她在“留学生中国传统文化剪纸竞赛”中获得了第一名，肯定她的付出并期待深度交流。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→ happy
表达：extend → express
导致：contribute to → lead to
致力于：be devoted to→ be dedicated to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Keen on Chinese traditional culture paper-cutting, you have long been devoted to learning from masters and keeping practicing constantly.
拓展句：Since you are keen on Chinese traditional culture paper-cutting, you have long been devoted to learning from masters and keeping practicing constantly.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the saying goes, you reap what you sow.（运用了as引导的定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】What you have committed to counts.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The 26-year-old mother stared down at her son who suffered leukemia(白血病). Although her heart was filled with sadness, she also had a strong feeling of determination. Like any parent she wanted her son to grow up and fulfill all his dreams. Now that was no longer possible. The leukemia would see to that. But she still wanted her son’s dreams to come true.
She took her son’s hand and asked, “Bopsy, did you ever think about what you wanted to be when you grew up Did you ever dream and wish about what you would do with your life ” “Mommy, I always wanted to be a fireman when I grew up.” Mom smiled back and said, “Let’s see if we can make your wish come true.” Later that day she went to her local fire department in Phoenix, Arizona, where she met Fireman Bob, who had a heart as big as Phoenix. She explained her son’s final wish and asked if it might be possible to give her six-year-old son a ride around the block on a fire engine.
Fireman Bob said, “Look, we can do better than that. If you’ll have your son ready at seven o’clock Wednesday morning, we’ll make him an honorary fireman for the whole day. He can come down to the fire station, eat with us, go out on all the fire calls, the whole nine yards!
And, if you’ll give us his sizes, we’ll get a real fire uniform made for him, with a real fire hat—not a toy one—with the emblem of the Phoenix Fire Department on it, a yellow slicker like we wear and rubber boots. They’re all manufactured right here in Phoenix, so we can get them fast.”
Three days later, Fireman Bob picked up Bopsy, dressed him in his fire uniform and accompanied him from his hospital bed to the waiting hook and ladder truck. Bopsy got to sit up on the back of the truck and help steer it back to the fire station. He was in heaven. There were three fire calls in Phoenix that day and Bopsy got to go out on all three calls. He rode in the different fire engines, the paramedics’ van and even the fire chiefs car. He was also videotaped for the local news program.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version
So deeply touched was Bopsy that he resolved to live with perseverance. His dream realized, with him blessed with all the love and attention, Bobsy felt that he was the most fortunate person in the world. Never had the boy anticipated such a great dream could be realized on him. Though in the process of terminal leukemia, Bobsy still led a life full of hope and beauty. It was the personal experience of being a fireman that inspired his desire to live a good life regardless of the severe illness. Brimming with confidence in life, along with the encouragement of the great mother, Bobsy was positively engaged in his treatment. However, a severe infectious virus hit him, which worsened his condition.
All the doctors thought the boy was on the edge of life and death. However, the mother insisted on the fact that faith could create the miracle of life. Hugging the boy in her arms, the mother called the fire chief and asked if it would be possible to send a fireman in uniform to the hospital to be with Bopsy to pull through the dangerous period. No sooner had the fireman came into the ward than Bobsy smiled as if the fireman were his future and all the pain had gone. Amazingly, the next few days saw the boy picking up gradually. He was firmly convinced that his life wouldn’t end before he could be a real firefighter. With scientific and effective treatment, his condition was improving all the time. So a beautiful dream in the heart can make a great difference.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Bobsy患有白血病，Bobsy告诉母亲自己长大后当一名消防员，于是当地的消防队让Bobsy当一整天的荣誉消防员，Bobsy也因为受到鼓舞，积极参与治疗，逐渐恢复了健康。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Bobsy深受感动，决心坚持不懈地生活下去”可知，第一段可描写Bobsy受到鼓舞，积极参与治疗。
②由第二段首句内容“所有的医生都认为这个男孩处于生死边缘”可知，第二段可描写消防员来看望Bobsy，Bobsy逐渐恢复健康。
2.续写线索：Bobsy受感动——充满希望——积极治疗——消防员看望——Bobsy恢复健康——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
实现：realize/come true
预料：anticipate/expect
参与：engage in/get involved in
情绪类
幸运：fortunate /lucky
惊人：amazingly /surprisingly
【点睛】[高分句型1] His dream realized, with him blessed with all the love and attention, Bobsy felt that he was the most fortunate person in the world. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Never had the boy anticipated such a great dream could be realized on him. (运用了部分倒装句)
听力答案：1-5 ABCAA 6-10 BACAC 11-15 CBCAB 16-20 CABCB

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