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2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷一（上海卷）
1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷
上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on
your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At the travel agency. B. At the shopping mall.
C. At the museum. D. At the lecture hall.
2. A. Its plug is missing. B. It has got out of paper.
C. It isn’t connected to the power. D. It is not put in the right position.
3. A. Boss and employee. B. Colleagues.
C. Policeman and prisoner. D. Classmates.
4. A. She failed the driving test in the past. B She can’t believe the man foiled.
C. The man should have practiced more. D. The man should forget about the test.
5. A. He thinks highly of it. B. He doesn’t like it.
C. It lasts too long. D. Its content is not good.
6. A. Eight weeks is not a problem for him. B. All the specialists are fully booked.
C. The good specialist is worth the wait. D. His back problem is not very serious.
7. A. The library won’t be open as previously scheduled.
B. The library is believed to be beyond repair.
C. The repair work didn’t start from the 25th of May.
D. The repair work should have been planned earlier.
8. A. The woman should stick with her current job.
B. The woman should take the new job offer.
C. The woman should be prepared to work extra hours.
D. The woman should stop complaining about her job.
9. A. The man is determined to have a break this weekend.
B. The man is hesitant over whether to have a break or not.
C. Both of them are under pressure and deserve a break.
D. Neither of them will enjoy a stress-free weekend.
10. A. He tends to understate the difficulty.
B. He likes to make empty promises.
C. He is passionate about extreme sports.
D. He hates to stretch the truth.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on
your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11. A. Try not to think of a polar bear.
B. Try to pose as a polar bear.
C. Stop thinking about their feet.
D. Observe themselves for a few minutes.
12. A. Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment.
B. Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose.
C. Those who were shown pictures of white bears at intervals.
D. Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning.
13. A. There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts.
B. Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface.
C. We will be able to get rid of negative thoughts.
D. We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14. A. By using a special type of liquid.
B. By absorbing the heat from the ceiling.
C. By fixing a device on the inside coating.
D. By removing pressure from the pipes.
15. A. It has successfully achieved zero-carbon emission.
B. Renewable energy is used there to power lights and heating.
C. It is able to supply all the heating in the area of Glasgow.
D. It attracts professional dancers to have a great time there.
16 A. A new machine to transform heat energy.
B. A revolutionary battery that stores heat.
C. An innovative project called Bodyheat.
D. A global discussion on fighting climate change.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. A phone with an up-to-date operating system.
B. A new model with a different size and color.
C. A model that has the longest-lasting battery.
D. A phone with an automatic filming function.
18. A. It may not be as efficient as the old one.
B. It takes much time to get used to a new phone.
C. She can’t afford to buy a new phone.
D. She doesn’t like the new applications.
19. A. Their phones are regularly updated.
B. They are both interested in digital technology.
C. They both had data stolen from the phones.
D. Their old phones were bought about 2 years ago.
20. A. Improving productivity at work.
B. Enlarging the phone storage.
C. Buying a new smartphone.
D. Increasing phone security.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one
proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
Rob and Jane are classmates at a university. It is the beginning of the semester and time to buy books for various
classes. Their university not only makes paper textbooks available but also offers digital textbooks to its students.
Rob and Jane 21 (talk) about which type of book they prefer.
Rob: I think I’m going to study digitally this year.
Jane: What do you mean
Rob: Well, the majority of the textbooks I need for my classes 22 (offer) digitally. So I’m going to buy
access in that form. That way I can study on my computer, phone or e-reader. The content is the same as a paper
textbook.
Jane: Are you sure I’ve heard that not all textbooks are compatible (与……一致的) with all media devices. I
had a friend last year who had some problems 23 (access) her books on certain devices.
Rob: Really I’ve never heard that. The people to 24 I talked said it was super convenient. Besides, my
budget is very limited right now. The digital format costs less than half the price of the paper textbook.
Jane: True. But at the end of the semester, you can sell back a paper textbook. That way you can recover some of
your money.
Rob: I also have to work most days after class. 25 (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around
a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
Jane: Convenience isn’t 26 . I find it much easier to focus on what I’m reading in a real book. It’s also
easier to follow a lecture and turn to the page that’s being discussed.
Rob: Yes, but I can access a page by searching for a word, so I can find it easily.
Jane: I find it easier to recall information I want to remember 27 I mark it in an actual book. Rob: But
you can do that 28 digital material, too.
Jane: Have you ever had a textbook that you wanted to keep for future reference You know some textbooks are
only available the semester you buy it. After that, you lose access to it.
Rob: Oh! I’ll have to look into 29 digital books I’d have permanent access to, then.
Jane: You know, I also read that when people read digitally their comprehension is weaker. People apparently
read faster on a screen. But they don’t remember details as 30 (well) as someone who reads it on paper.
Rob: I guess I’ll find out. Anyway, I’m going to try it.
Jane: Let me know how it works. I’m sticking with paper.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. battle B. built-in C. candidate D. carbon-free E. commercial F. contained
G. costly H. demonstrated I. footprint J. financed K. growing
Several Carmakers Push Plans to Offer Hydrogen-powered Vehicles
Several big automakers recently announced plans to keep investing in hydrogen vehicle technology. The plans come even as many industry experts believe the technology faces a major uphill 31 to compete against
battery-powered electric cars.
Hydrogen-powered cars are also known as fuel cell electric vehicles, or FCEVs. With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity. This differs from electric vehicles, or EVs, which get their power from a
32 battery.
Last month, the chief of Japan’s Toyota Motors, Akio Toyoda, attended a race that 33 an experimental hydrogen vehicle. The vehicle 34 a traditional gasoline-powered engine that had been converted to run on
hydrogen.
Toyoda told reporters at the event such conversions could keep traditional internal combustion engines (内燃机) running in a 35 world. This, he said, could avoid the need to completely leave behind internal combustion
and save millions of auto industry jobs.
In Germany, BMW and Volkswagen Group are both developing hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles along with a series of new EVs. BMW said last month it has developed a hydrogen prototype (原型) based on its X5 model
in a project partly 36 by the German government.
Officials at South Korean automaker Hyundai have also spoken about the importance of continuing to explore
hydrogen-based vehicles along with developing EVs. The company currently sells a passenger fuel cell vehicle called
the NEXO. And Hyundai announced it plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell versions for all its 37 vehicles by
2028.
In fuel cell technology, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electrical power. It is considered clean energy because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere. This makes the technology a good
38 for helping the world reduce its carbon emissions.
Currently, however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal — both of which cause pollution. Supporters of the technology expect that to change over time. They say the 39 use of electricity from wind and solar energy will be able to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Those production
methods, however, are more 40 .
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A 41 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle ( 喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed the
42 by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with
cameras that are 43 for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and 44 printing and adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but 45 enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and 46 the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or 47 in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process, 48 and
correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s 49 by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. 50 , the builder robot printed winding circles
that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes. 51 these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will
probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise 52 places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to 53 and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be 54 to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a 55 future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on
Earth.
41. A. typical B. latest C. precise D. popular 42. A. part B. characteristic C. limitation D. shortage
43. A. suitable B. responsible C. famous D. ready
44. A. go on B. work on C. take turns D. contribute to
45. A. massive B. stable C. strong D. flexible
46. A. makes B. improves C. inspects D. continues
47. A. misguidance B. imbalance C. misuse D. imperfection
48. A. changing B. supervising C. arranging D. measuring 49. A. features B. weaknesses C. capabilities D. responses
50. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead
51. A. Because B. While C. If D. After
52. A. remote B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. deserted 53. A. spot B. squeeze C. replace D. remove 54. A. inquired B. intended C. expanded D. assigned
55. A. vague B. demanding C. distant D. potential
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Ten years ago, the cyclist’s riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured
for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.
Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing
downhill-skiing clothes. On wet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.
Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves on snowy days of
reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.
56. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.
B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.
C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.
D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.
57. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight
A. Construction of bicycle paths. B. A decrease in equipment prices.
C. The invention of stable bicycles. D. Milder weather in recent years.
58. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists
A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.
B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.
C. She helps improve cyclists’ confidence when riding.
D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.
59. The underlined word “discernibility” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. visibility B. popularity
C. congestion D. creativity
(B)
The world hosts thousands of exceptional chocolatiers, some of which our magazine is to present to you. And remember that besides ordinary facts like expiration ( 过 期 ) date or manufacture place, labels bear essential information. If sugar is listed as the main ingredient(原料) on the label, quickly put it down and find a bar in which
cocoa shines.
Paul Young, London, England
Award-winning master chocolatier Paul Young deserves the credits he receives for his creativity and mastery with chocolates. Walk into his shop and experience the scent of fresh chocolates. Young is one of the figures who launched the chocolate reform in London, casting aside the sweet British chocolate of the old for the innovative dark
chocolate offerings. Try his dark chocolate bars to become a firm chocolate lover.
Three locations in London.
Que Bo!, Mexico City, Mexico
Traditional Mexican flavors come alive in Que Bo! Que Bo! uses only organic ingredients sourced from local producers. Colored truffles(松露) match their star ingredients, such as orange, mango or salt. A major attraction is
its open air courtyard shops.
Five locations in Mexico City.
SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada
These Toronto chocolate experts present pure chocolate bars made with beans from around the world. The fir truffles, symbolic of the Canadian pines, combine fruity cocoa and natural oils from the fir trees to give the experience of eating chocolate in a pine forest. SOMA also highlights their expertise(专长) in goods like whiskey and
ice cream, which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates.
Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto.
Sprüngli, Zurich, Switzerland
With colorful displays of chocolate truffles and sweets, Sprüngli offers the traditional highend Swiss chocolate
experience. This luxury chocolate shop first opened its doors in 1836, the first in Europe according to some. Today,
Sprüngli is acclaimed for the chance it offers customers to enjoy coffee and cake in its second-floor café,making the
shop a complex of flavor treat.
Numerous locations in Zurich.
SpagNVola, United States
SpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire chocolate process from farm to store, making the shop stand out. First they grow cacao at their farm. The cacao is handpicked, roasted and refined in their Maryland factory before the final products are shown on its shop shelves. Take the free tour to its kitchen and experience the shop’s
magic. Their 70 percent chocolate bars represent the true quality of good chocolate.
Three outlets in U.S.
60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Young followed the old sweet chocolate fashion and created the new focus on dark chocolate.
B. Que Bo! is famous for its excellent indoor atmosphere.
C. Soma’s main attraction is that it offers items other than chocolates.
D. Sprüngli supplies chocolates to various cafes in the country.
61. What do all these chocolate shops have in common
A. Initiating the new chocolate trend.
B. Combining fresh ingredients with cocoa.
C. Enjoying a long history.
D. Having more than one shop in its country.
62. SpagNVola excels among its peers because .
A. it is run by a couple
B. it controls the whole production process
C. customers can visit the shop free of charge
D. it only sells 70 percent pure chocolate bars
(C)
Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led
environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles
(爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI
tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230
vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to
worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are
seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife
population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all
regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎).
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman
of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and
goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers are
critical of the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.
The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the
populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful
way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But
Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they
all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
63. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A. Loving and protecting nature. B. Preserving the diversity of nature.
C. Underestimating the benefits of nature. D. Destroying and changing nature.
64. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show .
A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction
C. there are no positive measures to protect nature
D. some of the world’s wild animals are in decline
65. What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage
A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.
B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.
C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.
D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework
B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply
C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth
D. Correct Interpretation of LPI
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AI
Shanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital
transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland, experts said in an interview.
The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the
provincial level. 67
“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,” said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, at a recent media briefing. “ 68 It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai, and assist creation of an AI highland
with global influence.” Yan said.
One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor
violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. “ 69
It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,” said Weng Guanxi, a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm. The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people, enterprises and
organizations.
70 In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from
100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report.
A. The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.
B. The regulation came into effect on October 1, just as planned.
C. Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.
D. Government and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and
regulations.
E. The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.
F. The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from
wrong.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more
than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged
Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only on female
dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia
But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had
been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3
hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which
could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.
No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
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Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 不要乱扔垃圾，你会被罚款的。 (or)(汉译英)
73. 这家网络公司在全国各地有许多研发中心。 (establish) (汉译英)
74. ChatGPT 是由人工智能研究实验室OpenAI 在2022 年 11 月30 日发布的全新聊天机器人模型。(release) (汉 译英)
75. 《春晓》是唐代诗人孟浩然所作， 语言平易浅近， 抒发了诗人热爱春天、珍惜春光的美好心情。(whose) (汉译英)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的李平。你的朋友 Jenny 来信说：随着大学申请和期末考试的临近，她十分忙碌，经常熬 夜，没有时间参加喜欢的社团活动和社交生活，她感到难以平衡学业、课外活动和社会生活。请你写封邮
件给她，内容包括：
1. 分析她面临的主要问题；
2. 提出相应的建议和理由。2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷一（上海卷）
1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷
上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
(2022-2023 学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期一模)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on
your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At the travel agency. B. At the shopping mall.
C. At the museum. D. At the lecture hall.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Oh, look at this. It’s a brochure for virtual tours of the museum.
M: That’s so cool! We can take a virtual tour of the modern artwork exhibition that we skipped this morning.
Q: Where were the two speakers this morning
2. A. Its plug is missing. B. It has got out of paper.
C. It isn’t connected to the power. D. It is not put in the right position.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Can you help me please I can’t get this printer to work. I tried filling it with paper but still nothing.
M: Well, I can see the problem from here. It’s not plugged in.
Q: Why doesn’t the printer work properly
3. A. Boss and employee. B. Colleagues.
C. Policeman and prisoner. D. Classmates.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Why isn’t Ben here in the office
M: Ben made a narrow escape and left work just before the boss could give him more assignments to do.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
4. A. She failed the driving test in the past. B She can’t believe the man foiled.
C. The man should have practiced more. D. The man should forget about the test.
【答案】D
【原文】M: I still can’t believe that I failed my driving test after days of practice.
W: The past is in the past. Just let it go.
Q: What does the woman mean
5. A. He thinks highly of it. B. He doesn’t like it.
C. It lasts too long. D. Its content is not good.
【答案】B
【原文】W: So you’ve seen the show. Now I’d like to hear your opinions.
M: Well, I am afraid the show is not good enough. The presenter comes across as a bit sort of big-headed and full of
himself.
Q: What does the man think of the show
6. A. Eight weeks is not a problem for him. B. All the specialists are fully booked.
C. The good specialist is worth the wait. D. His back problem is not very serious.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Since this specialist doesn’t have any openings for eight weeks, why not see another specialist for your
back problem
M: But she is the best in the business.
Q: What does the man mean
7. A. The library won’t be open as previously scheduled.
B. The library is believed to be beyond repair.
C. The repair work didn’t start from the 25th of May.
D. The repair work should have been planned earlier.
【答案】A
【原文】W: It’s 9 o’clock. How come the library is not open
M: It’s closed for repairs from the 25th of April until the 1st of July. But I heard the repair work wasn’t going on very
smoothly.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation
8. A. The woman should stick with her current job.
B. The woman should take the new job offer.
C. The woman should be prepared to work extra hours.
D. The woman should stop complaining about her job.
【答案】B
【原文】W: So you think I should take this new job
M: I’ve been listening to you complain for over a year now. They pay you late. They force you to work extra hours.
What do you have to lose
Q: What does the man mean
9. A. The man is determined to have a break this weekend.
B. The man is hesitant over whether to have a break or not.
C. Both of them are under pressure and deserve a break.
D. Neither of them will enjoy a stress-free weekend.
【答案】B
【原文】W: It’s Sunday. Give yourself a break.
M: I know. I feel like I should enjoy the weekend, but not doing anything makes me even more stressed out.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation
10. A. He tends to understate the difficulty.
B. He likes to make empty promises.
C. He is passionate about extreme sports.
D. He hates to stretch the truth.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Hey, I just signed up for an activity. Do you wanna join me I promise it’s nothing too difficult.
W: I highly doubt it. Last time you said the same thing, and it turned out to be a marathon.
Q: What does the woman imply about the man
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked
several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on
your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11. A. Try not to think of a polar bear.
B. Try to pose as a polar bear.
C. Stop thinking about their feet.
D. Observe themselves for a few minutes.
12. A. Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment.
B. Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose.
C. Those who were shown pictures of white bears at intervals.
D. Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning.
13. A. There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts.
B. Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface.
C. We will be able to get rid of negative thoughts.
D. We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts.
【答案】 11. A 12. D 13. D
【原文】Try not to think about your feet. Now observe yourself over the next few minutes as you are unable to stop thinking about them. This phenomenon, known as the “white bear problem,” was first suggested back in 1863 by Russian novelist, Fyodor Dostoevsky. In his essay, he challenged readers, “Try to pose yourself this task: not to think of a polar bear, and you will see that the annoying thing will come to mind every minute.” Over a century and a half later, Harvard psychologist Daniel Wegner came across Dostoevsky’s passage, and was inspired to investigate the matter further. Wegner designed an experiment involving different groups of subjects who were asked to think of or not to think of a white bear. When the first group of people were asked not to think of a white bear, they ended up thinking of it more than once per minute on average. Next, the same group was asked to do the same exercise, but this time to think of white bears from the very beginning. It turned out that the participants in the first group thought of the bear far more often than the other groups who had been instructed to think of white bears on purpose. Wegner coined the term “ironic rebound” to describe the process whereby deliberate attempts to control thoughts make them more
likely to come to the surface.
Questions
11. What did the Russian novelist ask the readers to do in his essay back in 1863
12. Who thought of the white bear the most among different groups of subjects
13. According to Wegner, what will happen if we attempt hard to control certain thoughts
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14. A. By using a special type of liquid.
B. By absorbing the heat from the ceiling.
C. By fixing a device on the inside coating.
D. By removing pressure from the pipes.
15. A. It has successfully achieved zero-carbon emission.
B. Renewable energy is used there to power lights and heating.
C. It is able to supply all the heating in the area of Glasgow.
D. It attracts professional dancers to have a great time there.
16 A. A new machine to transform heat energy.
B. A revolutionary battery that stores heat.
C. An innovative project called Bodyheat.
D. A global discussion on fighting climate change.
【答案】 14. A 15. B 16. C
【原文】An arts venue called SWG3 in Glasgow, Scotland has launched a system that uses the heat produced by dancing as a source of energy. The more energetically people dance, the more heat they create. Devices on the ceiling absorb heat from inside the club and transport it through pipes using a special type of liquid called a carrier fluid. The heat energy travels into 12 holes drilled into the ground to be stored 200 metres below. The heat energy can be stored in the rocks like a thermal battery that stores energy as heat until it is needed. Another system then moves the heat to areas that need warming. The project, which is called Bodyheat, was officially launched on 6 October, and it was tested during the climate conference in Glasgow in November 2021. At the event, world leaders discussed how to tackle climate change. The system stored the heat from visitors and used it to power lights and heating. Now, the owners of SWG3 say they’ll be able to switch off their gas boilers and use Bodyheat to supply all their heating. This would add up to big savings in the amount of carbon dioxide they produce. The hope is that by 2025, SWG3 will not
be releasing any carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Dr Jon Gluyas, from Durham University praised the Bodyheat
project as a “really good move”. He said it could help with the energy crisis in the UK by producing more energy here instead of having to rely on buying energy from other countries. Besides, people are really making Glasgow greener
– while having a great time.
Questions
14. How is the heat transported through pipes to the rocks 200 meters below
15. Which of the following is TRUE about SWG3 in Glasgow, Scotland
16. What does the speaker mainly talk about
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. A phone with an up-to-date operating system.
B. A new model with a different size and color.
C. A model that has the longest-lasting battery.
D. A phone with an automatic filming function.
18. A. It may not be as efficient as the old one.
B. It takes much time to get used to a new phone.
C. She can’t afford to buy a new phone.
D. She doesn’t like the new applications.
19. A. Their phones are regularly updated.
B. They are both interested in digital technology.
C. They both had data stolen from the phones.
D. Their old phones were bought about 2 years ago.
20. A. Improving productivity at work.
B. Enlarging the phone storage.
C. Buying a new smartphone.
D. Increasing phone security.
【答案】 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C
【原文】M: This article says that the average time for replacing a smartphone is about two years.
W: And you’re telling me this because ...
M: Well, I’ve had mine about that long. So I’m thinking it is about time to get a new phone.
W: Why Is something wrong with it We got ours at the same time, remember I don’t feel the need to get a new one
yet.
M: I think I’dbe more productive for work if I updated my phone.
W: Really How so
M: It would make communication easier, and a new phone would be faster.
W: I know you are using your phone for work more. But are you sure you need a new one Do the new ones really
function better Often a new model just means a new size, color or some other small features.
M: I need a phone with an up-to-date operating system so that my productivity rate stays high. The new phone I’m
looking at buying has very helpful new applications, too.
W: Well, I guess ... if you need it for work.
M: What about you Yours can’t be as efficient as it used to be.
W: What are you talking about
M: Well, isn’t your battery dying faster than before Aren’t you running out of storage
W: Well, my phone does die faster than it used to. But there is so much to learn when you get a new phone. It took me
a long time to get used to the one I have now.
M: You still should think about it.
W: I don’t use mine for work. I use it mainly to text or call people and take photos and play some games.
M: You also search online for things, don’t you
W: Well, yes. But new smartphones are expensive.
M: Let’s look at it this way: a new smartphone offers better protection.
W: What are you talking about
M: There’s been a huge increase in people stealing data from phones. A new phone can keep all of our information
safer because it has better security.
W: Let me think about it.
Questions:
17. What kind of new phones does the man intend to buy
18. Why doesn’t the woman want to get a new phone
19. What can be learned about the two speakers
20. What are the two speakers talking about
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one
proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
(2023 届上海市宝山区高三一模)
Rob and Jane are classmates at a university. It is the beginning of the semester and time to buy books for various
classes. Their university not only makes paper textbooks available but also offers digital textbooks to its students.
Rob and Jane 21 (talk) about which type of book they prefer.
Rob: I think I’m going to study digitally this year.
Jane: What do you mean
Rob: Well, the majority of the textbooks I need for my classes 22 (offer) digitally. So I’m going to buy
access in that form. That way I can study on my computer, phone or e-reader. The content is the same as a paper
textbook.
Jane: Are you sure I’ve heard that not all textbooks are compatible (与……一致的) with all media devices. I
had a friend last year who had some problems 23 (access) her books on certain devices.
Rob: Really I’ve never heard that. The people to 24 I talked said it was super convenient. Besides, my
budget is very limited right now. The digital format costs less than half the price of the paper textbook.
Jane: True. But at the end of the semester, you can sell back a paper textbook. That way you can recover some of
your money.
Rob: I also have to work most days after class. 25 (study) digitally means I don’t need to carry around
a bunch of heavy books. So it would be much more convenient for me.
Jane: Convenience isn’t 26 . I find it much easier to focus on what I’m reading in a real book. It’s also
easier to follow a lecture and turn to the page that’s being discussed.
Rob: Yes, but I can access a page by searching for a word, so I can find it easily.
Jane: I find it easier to recall information I want to remember 27 I mark it in an actual book. Rob: But
you can do that 28 digital material, too.
Jane: Have you ever had a textbook that you wanted to keep for future reference You know some textbooks are
only available the semester you buy it. After that, you lose access to it.
Rob: Oh! I’ll have to look into 29 digital books I’d have permanent access to, then.
Jane: You know, I also read that when people read digitally their comprehension is weaker. People apparently
read faster on a screen. But they don’t remember details as 30 (well) as someone who reads it on paper.
Rob: I guess I’ll find out. Anyway, I’m going to try it.
Jane: Let me know how it works. I’m sticking with paper.
【答案】21. are talking 22. are offered 23. accessing 24. whom 25. Studying##To study
26. everything 27. if##when 28. with 29. which##what 30. well
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇对话。罗布和简是大学同学。这是新学期的开始，是购买各种课程书籍的时候了。他们
的大学不仅提供纸质教科书，还为学生提供数字教科书。罗布和简正在谈论他们更喜欢哪种类型的书。
21 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：罗布和简正在谈论他们更喜欢哪种类型的书。根据下文的对话可知，常常
表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语为 Rob and Jane，谓语用复数。故填 are talking。
22 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我上课需要的大部分课本都是数字化的。主语与谓语构成被动关系， 陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态， 主语为 the majority of the textbooks，谓语用复数。故填 are offered。
23 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，我有一个朋友在某些设备上访问她的书时遇到了一些问题。短语 have
problems doing sth.表示“做某事有问题” ，用动名词作宾语。故填 accessing。
24 考查定语从句。句意：和我交谈过的人说这非常方便。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构的定
语从句修饰先行词 people，作介词的宾语，指人，故用 whom。故填 whom。
25 考查非谓语动词。句意：数字化学习意味着我不需要带着一堆沉重的书。此处作句子的主语，可用动名
词或不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Studying/To study。
(
。
)26 考查不定代词 句意：方便并不代表一切。作表语，表示“一切”应用不定代词 everything。故填
everything。
27 考查状语从句。句意：我发现，当我在实际的书上做记号时/如果我在实际的书上做记号，我更容易回忆 起我想记住的信息。此处可理解为条件状语从句， 表示“如果”应用 if；或理解为时间状语从句， 表示“当……
时候”用 when。故填 if/when。
28 考查介词。句意：但你也可以用数字材料做到这一点。后跟名词作宾语，表示“用”应用介词 with。故填
with。
29 考查宾语从句。句意：那么，我得查一下我可以永久使用哪些/什么电子书。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少
books 的定语，表示“ 哪些”或“什么”应用 which 或 what。故填 which/what。
30 考查副词。句意：但他们不像那些在纸上阅读的人那样记住细节。修饰动词 remember 应用副词 well。故
填 well。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
(2023 届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模)
A. battle B. built-in C. candidate D. carbon-free E. commercial F. contained
G. costly H. demonstrated I. footprint J. financed K. growing
Several Carmakers Push Plans to Offer Hydrogen-powered Vehicles
Several big automakers recently announced plans to keep investing in hydrogen vehicle technology. The plans come even as many industry experts believe the technology faces a major uphill 31 to compete against
battery-powered electric cars.
Hydrogen-powered cars are also known as fuel cell electric vehicles, or FCEVs. With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity. This differs from electric vehicles, or EVs, which get their power from a
32 battery.
Last month, the chief of Japan’s Toyota Motors, Akio Toyoda, attended a race that 33 an experimental hydrogen vehicle. The vehicle 34 a traditional gasoline-powered engine that had been converted to run on
hydrogen.
Toyoda told reporters at the event such conversions could keep traditional internal combustion engines (内燃机) running in a 35 world. This, he said, could avoid the need to completely leave behind internal combustion
and save millions of auto industry jobs.
In Germany, BMW and Volkswagen Group are both developing hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles along with a series of new EVs. BMW said last month it has developed a hydrogen prototype (原型) based on its X5 model
in a project partly 36 by the German government.
Officials at South Korean automaker Hyundai have also spoken about the importance of continuing to explore hydrogen-based vehicles along with developing EVs. The company currently sells a passenger fuel cell vehicle called the NEXO. And Hyundai announced it plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell versions for all its 37 vehicles by
2028.
In fuel cell technology, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electrical power. It is considered clean
energy because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere. This makes the technology a good
38 for helping the world reduce its carbon emissions.
Currently, however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal — both of which cause pollution. Supporters of the technology expect that to change over time. They say the 39 use of electricity from wind and solar energy will be able to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Those production
methods, however, are more 40 .
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. H 34. F 35. D 36. J 37. E 38. C 39. K 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了几家汽车制造商推出氢动力汽车的计划。同时文中分析了氢动力
汽车的优势与劣势。
31 考查名词。句意：这些计划出台之际，许多行业专家认为，该技术在与电池驱动的电动汽车竞争时面临 着一场重大的艰苦战斗。分析句子， 设空处填写名词作宾语。根据句意， 表示“面临着一场重大的艰苦战斗”
用 face a major uphill battle。故选 A。
32 考查形容词。句意：这与电动汽车不同，电动汽车的动力来自内置电池。分析句子，设空处使用形容词 作定语。根据前文“With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity.(在这些车辆中， 燃 料电池将氢气转化为电能。)”可知，在氢动力汽车中，燃料电池将氢气转化为电能，而这与电动汽车不同，
电动汽车的动力来自内置电池。表示“ 内置的”用 built-in。故选 B。
33 考查动词。句意：上个月，日本丰田汽车公司(Toyota Motors)总裁丰田章男(Akio Toyoda)参加了一场展示 实验性氢动力汽车的比赛。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作 that 引导定语从句的谓语动词。该句子表述
的是过去事实，故使用一般过去时。此处表示“演示”用 demonstrate。应填 demonstrated。故选 H。
34 考查动词。句意：这辆车装有一个传统的汽油动力发动机，已被改装为氢动力发动机。分析句子，设空
处使用动词作谓语，表示“包含，装有”用 contain；句子表述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故选 F。
35 考查形容词。句意：Toyoda 在发布会上告诉记者，这种转换可以让传统的内燃机在无碳世界中运行。分
析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。表示“无碳的”用 carbon-free。故选 D。
36 考查非谓语动词。句意：宝马上个月表示，该公司已经在 X5 车型的基础上开发了一款氢动力原型车，
该项目得到了德国政府的部分资助。根据后文的“by the German government”可知， 此原型得到了德国政府资 助。分析句子，句中 a hydrogen prototype 与 finance 之间是被动关系， has 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用过
去分词作后置定语。表示“被资助的”用 financed。故选 J。
37 考查形容词。句意：现代汽车宣布，计划到 2028 年为其所有商用车提供氢燃料电池版本。分析句子，设
空处使用形容词作定语。表示“商业的，商用的”用 commercial。故选 E。
38 考查名词。句意：这使得这项技术成为帮助世界减少碳排放的一个很好的候选者。分析句子，设空处应 该使用名词作宾语。同时根据前文的“because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere.(因为 这个过程只会向大气中释放水和蒸汽。)”可知， 氢氧结合的发电过程只会向大气中释放水和蒸汽， 因此对帮
助世界减少碳排放的一个很好的候选者。表示“候选者”用 candidate。故选 C。
39 考查形容词。句意：他们表示，越来越多地使用风能和太阳能发电将能够分离水中的氢和氧。分析句子， 设空处使用形容词作定语。根据前文“ however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal.( 然而， 全球生产的大部分氢气都是用天然气或煤炭生产的。)”可知， 在当前大部分的氢气都是用 天然气或煤炭生产的，因此 此处强调在未来要越来越多地使用风能和太阳能发电将能够分离水中的氢和氧。
表示“不断增长的使用，越来越多的使用”用 the growing use。故选 K。
40 考查形容词。句意：然而，这些生产方法成本更高。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语。根据前 文的 however 可知， 此处表示“通过风能和太阳能发电将水中的氢和氧分离”该项技术是成本更高的。表示“高
成本的”用 costly。故选 G。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(2023 届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题)
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A 41 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle ( 喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed the
42 by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with
cameras that are 43 for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and 44 printing and adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but 45 enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the builder
robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and 46 the progress. The system then
computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or 47 in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process, 48 and
correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s 49 by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. 50 , the builder robot printed winding circles
that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes. 51 these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will
probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise 52 places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to 53 and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be 54 to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a 55 future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on
Earth.
41. A. typical B. latest C. precise D. popular 42. A. part B. characteristic C. limitation D. shortage
43. A. suitable B. responsible C. famous D. ready
44. A. go on B. work on C. take turns D. contribute to
45. A. massive B. stable C. strong D. flexible
46. A. makes B. improves C. inspects D. continues
47. A. misguidance B. imbalance C. misuse D. imperfection
48. A. changing B. supervising C. arranging D. measuring
49. A. features B. weaknesses C. capabilities D. responses
50. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead
51. A. Because B. While C. If D. After
52. A. remote B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. deserted
53. A. spot B. squeeze C. replace D. remove 54. A. inquired B. intended C. expanded D. assigned
55. A. vague B. demanding C. distant D. potential
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51.
B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这
个机器人对地球的影响。
41 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的 3D 打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物体。
A. typical 有代表性的；B. latest 最新的；C. precise 精确的；D. popular 流行的。根据下文“limited by the range of its nozzle, and can only make objects smaller than itself”可知， 3D 打印机会受其自身的限制， 只能打印比自身
小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的 3D 打印机的通病。故选 A 项。
42 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一限制。 A. part 部 分；B. characteristic 特征；C. limitation 限制；D. shortage 短缺。上文“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle”提到 3D 打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限制， C 项 limitation“限制”是原文 limit 的派生词
复现。故选 C 项。
43 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人， 负责监控建造者的进度。 A. suitable 适合的； B. responsible 负责的；C. famous 有名的；D. ready 准备好的。下文“In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks”提到建造者和扫描仪需要各司其职，故空处需要填与“carry out their respective tasks”的近义表达。 B 项“ 负责的”带入为固定短语 be responsible for 表示“对某事负责”符合文意。故选 B 项。 44 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在建造过程中，建造者和扫描仪执行各自的任务，轮流打印和调整， 一层一 层，直到结构完成。 A. go on 继续； B. work on 影响； C. take turns 轮流； D. contribute to 做贡献。根据后文 “First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material.”和“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and 46 the progress.”可知， 两
部分不光需要各司其职，还需要轮流合作。故选 C 项。
45 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：材料的选择很重要，它必须足够轻，无人机可以携带，但也要足够坚固，
可以在上面建造下面的层。 A. massive 大的； B. stable 稳定的； C. strong 强的、坚固的； D. flexible 灵活的。 空前有 but 表示转折，所以空处需要填一个和上文“lightweight(轻的)”意义相反或相斥的词；C 项“坚固的”符
合句意。故选 C 项。
46 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦建造机器人释放了一层材料， 扫描机器人就会飞过并检查进度。 A. makes
做； B. improves 提高； C. inspects 检查； D. continues 继续。结合上文“The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.”可知，扫描仪是监控进度的；故空处需要
填“monitor”的近义词， C 项“检查”为近义替换。故选 C 项。
47 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些可能是建筑工人的错误， 也可能是建筑材料膨胀时的缺陷。A. misguidance 误导；B. imbalance 不平衡；C. misuse 误用；D. imperfection 缺陷。空前有 or 表并列选择，并列的是前文的
“errors(错误)”，故空处需要填近义词。 D 项“缺陷”符合句意。故选 D 项。
48 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上， 人们还可以手动调整过程， 在必要时监督和纠正过程。A. changing 改变；B. supervising 监督；C. arranging 安排；D. measuring 测量。根据上文“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress.”可知，监督一般来说是扫描仪的工作， 而在这一点上， 人们也可以进行人工的监督和纠正， 其中 inspects 和 supervising 为近义词替换。故选 B 项。 49 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过建造一个大圆柱体和一个小圆柱体来测试系统的能力。A. features 特征；B. weaknesses 缺点；C. capabilities 能力；D. responses 回答。根据下文“The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve.”可知， 这个测试并不简单， 想要通过这个测试， 系统必须能力非常强， 由此推出， 是
为了测试系统的能力水平。故选 C 项。
50 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，建造机器人打印的缠绕圈与上下层交错，以确保最大程度的稳定性。 A. Moreover 此外； B. Meanwhile 同时； C. Otherwise 否则； D. Instead 反之。结合句意可知，这个测试的难 度非常大， 且上文提到“The tasks were not simple.”可以推出， 空处为 D 项“相反” ，表示这个测试一点也不简
单，相反，是非常难。故选 D 项。
51 考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但科瓦奇博士表示，它们最初的主 要任务可能是维修。 A. Because 因为； B. While 尽管； C. If 如果； D. After 在……后。从句提到机器人有制 造能力，主句提到它们的任务主要还只停留在维修阶段，由此可以推出，前文为让步状语从句表示“尽管”、
“ 虽然” 。故选 B 项。
52 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为从理论上讲，飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，它们可以在危险或无 法到达的地方修理东西。 A. remote 遥远的； B. unavailable 不可用的； C. inaccessible 到不了的； D. deserted 废弃的。上文“Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere,”提到机器人可以随便飞去任何地方进
行修理工作，所以空处应指人类很难或几乎无法到达的地方。故选 C 项。
53 考查动词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士说，他的机器人可以用来发现和密封管道的泄漏，或者修复高层
建筑的裂缝。 A. spot 发现；B. squeeze 挤压；C. replace 代替；D. remove 祛除。结合常识可知，管道泄露应
该是先发现、后密封。故选 A 项。
54 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些机器人的工作速度更快，成本更低，对人类的风险也更小。 A. inquired 询问；B. intended 打算；C. expanded 拓展；D. assigned 分配。固定短语 be assigned to do 表示“被安排去做某
事” ，结合句意，机器人被安排去工作，符合文意。故选 D 项。
55 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，科瓦克博士认为他的建筑机器人有一个潜在的未来，可以在 月球或火星表面做建造工作。 A. vague 模糊的；B. demanding 要求高的；C. distant 遥远的；D. potential 潜在 的。结合后文“But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.”可知， 能 够肯定的是建筑机器人对地球上的建筑产生巨大的影响，由此推出，对于在月球和火星上做建筑工作是有
可能的； D 项表示“潜在的” 、“有可能的” ，符合文意。故选 D 项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
(2023 届上海市金山区高三上学期一模)
Ten years ago, the cyclist’s riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured
for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.
Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing
downhill-skiing clothes. On wet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.
Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too
hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves on snowy days of
reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.
56. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.
B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.
C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.
D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.
57. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight
A. Construction of bicycle paths. B. A decrease in equipment prices.
C. The invention of stable bicycles. D. Milder weather in recent years.
58. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists
A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.
B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.
C. She helps improve cyclists’ confidence when riding.
D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.
59. The underlined word “discernibility” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. visibility B. popularity
C. congestion D. creativity
【答案】56. C 57. C 58. D 59. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冬季骑自行车的人为什么增加了，以及最后提出不建议雪天骑自
行车。
56 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Today,however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.(然而， 今天， 据估计 4-5%的骑自行车的人全年都骑自行车)”以及第二段“The increasing popularity of winter cycling is
due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿)”以
及第三段中“Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years.(除了上面提到的这些， 还有一件事使冬季骑行在这些年来变得更受欢迎)”可知， 本文主要讲述冬季自
行车运动的流行及其原因。故选 C 项。
57 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike
and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter
cyclists.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿。配备了更稳定的自行车， 似乎没有什么能阻止
冒险的冬季自行车手)”可知，因为稳定自行车的发明导致冬季骑行不再是一种罕见的景象。故选 C 项。
58 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is
no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain
cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six
months.(在过去， 骑自行车的人需要每周清洁一次自行车链， 并为其上油， 这不是一项容易的任务。但一位 自行车店主用一种创新的完整链条套解决了这个每周都具有挑战性的任务。在完全覆盖自行车链条的情况 下，骑自行车的人每六个月就需要做一次这项麻烦的工作)”可知， 一位自行车店主发明了一种减少维修频率
的新方法来帮助冬季骑自行车的人。故选 D 项。
59 词句猜测题。根据划线单词前文“Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a
taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is
afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves(尽管有了这个惊人的发明， 但店主还是建议骑车的人 在真正下雪的时候乘坐出租车或公共汽车，这并不是因为条件对自行车来说太艰苦，而是因为她担心很多 骑车的人对自己失去信心)”可知， 不推荐下大雪时骑自行车， 不是因为雪天条件艰苦， 而更多是因为雪天能
见度下降， 而失去信心。所以可推测 discernibility 为“能见度”之意， 和 A 项“visibility”意思相近。故选 A 项。
(B)
(2023 届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷)
The world hosts thousands of exceptional chocolatiers, some of which our magazine is to present to you. And remember that besides ordinary facts like expiration ( 过 期 ) date or manufacture place, labels bear essential information. If sugar is listed as the main ingredient(原料) on the label, quickly put it down and find a bar in which
cocoa shines.
Paul Young, London, England
Award-winning master chocolatier Paul Young deserves the credits he receives for his creativity and mastery with chocolates. Walk into his shop and experience the scent of fresh chocolates. Young is one of the figures who launched the chocolate reform in London, casting aside the sweet British chocolate of the old for the innovative dark
chocolate offerings. Try his dark chocolate bars to become a firm chocolate lover.
Three locations in London.
Que Bo!, Mexico City, Mexico
Traditional Mexican flavors come alive in Que Bo! Que Bo! uses only organic ingredients sourced from local producers. Colored truffles(松露) match their star ingredients, such as orange, mango or salt. A major attraction is
its open air courtyard shops.
Five locations in Mexico City.
SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada
These Toronto chocolate experts present pure chocolate bars made with beans from around the world. The fir truffles, symbolic of the Canadian pines, combine fruity cocoa and natural oils from the fir trees to give the experience of eating chocolate in a pine forest. SOMA also highlights their expertise(专长) in goods like whiskey and
ice cream, which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates.
Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto.
Sprüngli, Zurich, Switzerland
With colorful displays of chocolate truffles and sweets, Sprüngli offers the traditional highend Swiss chocolate experience. This luxury chocolate shop first opened its doors in 1836, the first in Europe according to some. Today, Sprüngli is acclaimed for the chance it offers customers to enjoy coffee and cake in its second-floor café,making the
shop a complex of flavor treat.
Numerous locations in Zurich.
SpagNVola, United States
SpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire chocolate process from farm to store, making the shop stand out. First they grow cacao at their farm. The cacao is handpicked, roasted and refined in their Maryland factory before the final products are shown on its shop shelves. Take the free tour to its kitchen and experience the shop’s
magic. Their 70 percent chocolate bars represent the true quality of good chocolate.
Three outlets in U.S.
60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Young followed the old sweet chocolate fashion and created the new focus on dark chocolate.
B. Que Bo! is famous for its excellent indoor atmosphere.
C. Soma’s main attraction is that it offers items other than chocolates.
D. Sprüngli supplies chocolates to various cafes in the country.
61. What do all these chocolate shops have in common
A. Initiating the new chocolate trend.
B. Combining fresh ingredients with cocoa.
C. Enjoying a long history.
D. Having more than one shop in its country.
62. SpagNVola excels among its peers because .
A. it is run by a couple
B. it controls the whole production process
C. customers can visit the shop free of charge
D. it only sells 70 percent pure chocolate bars
【答案】60. C 61. D 62. B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍 5 个巧克力生产商。
60 细节理解题。根据SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada 部分“SOMA also highlights their expertise(专长) in goods like whiskey and ice cream, which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates. (SOMA 还强调了他们在威士忌和冰淇淋等商品方面的专业知识，这是其主要卖点，为客户提供
巧克力以外的其他选择。 )”可知， Soma 的主要吸引力在于它提供巧克力以外的商品。故选 C。
61 细节理解题。根据 Paul Young, London, England 部分“Three locations in London. (在伦敦有三家店。)” ， Que Bo!, Mexico City, Mexico 部分 “Five locations in Mexico City. ( 在墨西哥城有五家店 。)” ， SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada 部分“Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto. (在多伦多市中心有两个商店和一个 实验室。)” ，Sprüngli, Zurich, Switzerland 部分“Numerous locations in Zurich. (在苏黎世有无数家店。)”和 SpagNVola, United States 部分“Three outlets in U.S. (在美国有三家门店。)”可知，这 5 个巧克力生产商在各
自的国家都不止有一家商店。故选 D。
62 细节理解题。根据 SpagNVola, United States 部分“SpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire
chocolate process from farm to store, making the shop stand out. (SpagNVola 的夫妻俩负责监督从农场到商店的 整个巧克力加工过程， 使商店脱颖而出。)”可知， SpagNVola 在同行中表现出色是因为他们夫妻俩负责管理
和监督整个生产过程。故选 B。
(C)
(2023 届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模)
Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led
environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI
tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230
vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to
worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are
seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife
population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all
regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎).
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman
of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and
goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers are
critical of the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.
The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the
populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful
way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But
Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they
all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
63. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A. Loving and protecting nature. B. Preserving the diversity of nature. C. Underestimating the benefits of nature. D. Destroying and changing nature.
64. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show .
A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction
C. there are no positive measures to protect nature
D. some of the world’s wild animals are in decline
65. What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage
A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.
B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.
C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.
D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework
B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply
C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth
D. Correct Interpretation of LPI
【答案】63. B 64. B 65. A 66. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界各地的野生动物数量正面临急剧下降，世界各国政府将齐聚加
拿大蒙特利尔，集思广益，制订计划救自然世界。
63 词句猜测题。由第一段中的“The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London
(ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles (爬行动物) and fish have seen an average
decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970
and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of
WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. (伦敦动物学会（ZSL）发布的 2022 年活星球指数 （LPI）显示，自 1970 年以来，哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和鱼类的研究种群平均下降了 69%，比之前的 预测更快。根据对 5230 种脊椎动物的 31821 个种群的监测， LPI 在 1970 年至 2018 年间追踪了全球生物多 样性。世界自然基金会（WWF）的马克 ·赖特表示，下降的程度是破坏性的，而且还在继续恶化。 “我们没 有看到任何真正积极的迹象表明我们正在开始 bend the curve of nature,”他说)”可知，上文谈及地球生物多 样性丧失的问题，且马克 ·赖特表示他没有看到人类有真正拯救地球生物多样性的积极迹象。由此推知，划
线短语意为“保护自然的多样性（Preserving the diversity of nature）” 。故选 B 项。
64 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with
monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for
example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. (淡水脊椎动物一直是受 影响最严重的种群之一，监测到的种群数量自 1970 年以来平均下降了 83%。例如， 1994 年至 2016 年间， 亚马逊粉红河海豚的种群数量下降了 65%)”可推知，作者提到亚马逊粉红河海豚是为了表明淡水脊椎动物一
直是受影响最严重的种群之一，一些淡水脊椎动物面临灭绝的危险。故选 B 项。
65 细节理解题。由最后一段中的““I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. (“我认为更合适和有用的方法是关注特定物 种或种群， ”Hannah Ritchie 在《我们的数据世界》中说道)”可知， 关注某一特定物种是有意义的。故选 A 项。 66 主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. (根据新的 数据，世界各地的野生动物数量正面临急剧下降，这一数字已导致环境活动家呼吁采取紧急行动拯救自然
世界)”及第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored
populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. (淡水脊椎动物一直是受影响最严重的种群之 一，监测到的种群数量自 1970 年以来平均下降了 83%)”和最后一段中的“But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. (但赖特表示， LPI 是反映其他生物多样性指标结果的有用工具。 “所有 这些都表明它们都在尖叫，有些事情真的非常严重， ”赖特说)”可知，文章讲述了世界各地的野生动物数量 正面临急剧下降， 人们要采取措施拯救自然世界。由此可知， B 项“野生动物数量急剧下降”适合作本文最佳
标题。故选 B 项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(2023 届上海市松江区高三上学期一模)
Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AI
Shanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital
transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland, experts said in an interview.
The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the
provincial level. 67
“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,” said Yan Rui, director
of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, at a recent media briefing.
“ 68 It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai, and assist creation of an AI highland
with global influence.” Yan said.
One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. “ 69 It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,” said Weng Guanxi, a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm. The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people, enterprises and
organizations.
70 In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from
100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report.
A. The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.
B. The regulation came into effect on October 1, just as planned.
C. Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.
D. Government and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and
regulations.
E. The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.
F. The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from
wrong.
【答案】67. B 68. E 69. F 70. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了上海出台的新法规将有助于人工智能发展。
67 上文“The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the provincial level. (就在几个月前，该市通过了一项促进人工智能发展的规定，这是中国省级层面的第一次此 类努力。)”说明该市通过了一项促进人工智能发展的规定，选项 B“该规定于 10 月 1 日如期生效。”承接上
文，说明该规定的生效日期。故选 B 项。
68 上文 Yan Rui 所说“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development. (这项规 定强调了行业创新和对未来发展的指导。)”介绍了该规定的现实意义，选项 E“对人工智能的该规定旨在促
进人工智能行业的高质量发展。 ”是 Yan Rui 继续介绍这项规定的目的意图。故选 E 项。
69 上文“One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. (人工智能 规定的一个亮点是，市政有关部门可以制定人工智能产业发展过程中的轻微违规清单，这些违规行为不会 受到行政处罚。)”介绍了该规定允许轻微违规行为，选项 F“科学研究的核心是不断犯错和明辨是非的过 程。”承接上文，是 Weng Guanxi 对该亮点的解释，引导下文“It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process (人工智能也是如此。 因此，这是一项国际协议，允许在研发过程中出现小错误)”说明科学研究中允许出现小的错误。故选 F 项。 70 下文“In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of
20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China
Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from
100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report. (据《中国证券报》报道， 2021 年，规模 以上或年收入 2000 万元(1685 万美元)及以上的人工智能企业的总产值达到 3050 亿元，是 2018 年的 2.28 倍。 据新华社报道， 上海在人工智能领域工作的人才数量已从 2018 年的 10 万人飙升至 2021 年的 23 万人。)”用 数据说明了上海的人工智能产业规模在过去几年急剧扩张，选项 C“上海的人工智能产业规模在过去几年急
剧扩张。 ”概括本段主题。故选 C 项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more
than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
(2022-2023 学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期一模)
Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged
Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only on female
dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia
But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had
been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3
hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which
could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.
No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
【答案】Reference
Hand-feeding dolphins is practised at some tourist centers. However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of their calves’ premature death. By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was because hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills. Therefore,
animal activists are appealing for a ban on the practice. (60)
Dolphins are hand-fed in some tourist centers, However, studies show the survival rate of hand-fed dolphins’ calves is half that of wild dolphins’ calves. By observing their social behaviors, researchers find hand-fed dolphins’ weak social ties lead to their calves’ lack of social skills, which partly explain their greater possibility of death. Therefore,
hand feeding dolphins should be discouraged. (60 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论是否应该人工喂养海豚的问题。研究发现，人工喂养增加小海豚过 早死亡的风险。通过对海豚的行为进行两年的跟踪，研究人员得出结论，这是因为人工喂养使海豚的社会
关系变弱，导致它们的幼崽缺乏社交技能。因此，动物保护主义者呼吁禁止这种做法。
【详解】 1. 要点摘录
①Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by
hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day.
②But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of
age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general.
③In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had been
hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3 hours for
two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.
④As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which could explain, at least in part, why they are
twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.
⑤No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.
2.缜密构思
将第 1 、2 、5 三个要点进行重组，将第 3 、4 两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Hand-feeding dolphins is practised at some tourist centers. However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of
their calves’ premature death. By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was
because hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills. Animal
activists are appealing for a ban on the practice.
【点睛】[高分句型 1]However, studies have found it leads to greater risk of their calves’ premature death. （运用了
省略了 that 的宾语从句）
[高分句型 2]：By following the dolphins’ behavior for two years, researchers concluded it was because
hand-feeding made dolphins have weaker social ties, causing their calves to lack social skills. （运用了动名词作宾
语，省略了 that 的宾语从句， because 引导的表语从句，现在分词作状语）
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
(2023 届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模)
72. 不要乱扔垃圾，你会被罚款的。 (or)(汉译英)
【答案】Don’t litter everywhere, or you will be fined.
【解析】考查固定句型。固定句型：祈使句，+and/or+表示将来的陈述句，是由并列连词 and 或 or 连接的
并列句，其中 and 表示“和” ，or 表示“否则” 。“不要乱扔垃圾”翻译为“Don’t litter everywhere”；“否则你会被 罚款的” 的英文表达是 or you will be fined，其中谓语动词用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案为 Don’t litter
everywhere, or you will be fined.
73. 这家网络公司在全国各地有许多研发中心。 (establish) (汉译英)
【答案】The internet company has established many research and development centers across the country. 【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。该句在描述到目前为止已经完成的事情，句子用现在完成时；“这家 网络公司” 的英文表达是 the internet company，在句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“有许多研发 中心” 的英文表达是 establish many research and development centers；“在全国各地” 的英文表达是 across the country 。 故答 案 为 The internet company has established many research and development centers across the country. 74. ChatGPT 是由人工智能研究实验室OpenAI 在2022 年 11 月30 日发布的全新聊天机器人模型。(release) (汉 译英)
【答案】CHATGPT is a new chatbot model released by Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI on November 30,2022. 【解析】考查一般现在时、主谓一致和过去分词作后置定语。该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在 时，ChatGPT 是句子主语，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式；“人工智能研究实验室 OpenAI”的英文表 达是 Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI ； “ 在 2022 年 11 月 30 日 ” 的英文表达是 on November 30,2022；“发布的全新聊天机器人模型” 的英文表达是 a new chatbot model released ，released 作后置定语， 修 饰 a new chatbot model，且二者之间是被动关系。故整句翻译为 CHATGPT is a new chatbot model released by Artificial Intelligence Research Lab OpenAI on November 30,2022. 75. 《春晓》是唐代诗人孟浩然所作， 语言平易浅近， 抒发了诗人热爱春天、珍惜春光的美好心情。(whose) (汉译英)
【 答案 】 “Spring Dawn” was written in the Tang Dynasty by the poet named Meng Haoran, whose poem was
characterized by the use of simple language and expressions to show his love and appreciation for spring.
【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语、whose 引导的非限制性定语从句和一般过去时的被动语态。“《春晓》
是唐代诗人孟浩然所作” 的英文表达是“Spring Dawn was written in the Tang Dynasty by the poet named Meng
Haoran ，”其中谓语动词是一般过去时的被动语态 was written，过去分词 named 是后置定语；“语言平易浅近” 的英文表达是 whose poem was characterized by the use of simple language，其中 Meng Haoran 作先行词， 在后 面的非限制性定语从句中作定语， 从句由关系代词 whose 引导（在从句中作定语），从句的谓语动词是一般 过去时的被动语态 was characterized by（以……为特征）；“抒发了诗人热爱春天、珍惜春光的美好心情” 的英 文表达是 expressions to show his love and appreciation for spring，其中动词不定式作后置定语， 由 and 连接 the use of simple language 和 expressions 并列作 by 的宾语，故答案为“Spring Dawn” was written in the Tang Dynasty by the poet named Meng Haoran, whose poem was characterized by the use of simple language and expressions to
show his love and appreciation for spring.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to

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