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Unit 6 Earth first
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn some new words and basic sentence structures.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点：
教学重点：How to learn the new words and basic sentence structures.
教学难点：How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师提问。
-ing and -ed as complement
二、While-class
Using Language
1. 学生活动：
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 65.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
(Suggested answers:
1. In sentence (a), a woman is swimming at night.
2. In sentence (b), people are frightened of sharks.
3. In sentence (a), a woman is swimming. In other words, the woman does the action of swimming. So the author uses -ing. But in sentence (b), people are frightened. So the author uses -ed.
Sentences from the passage:
People just wanted them killed. (want+宾语+v.-ed作宾补)
Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.
(see+宾语+v.-ing的被动形式作宾补))
2. 学生活动：
Fill in the blanks.
1. Some fishermen are found ________ (hunt) sharks for their fins.
2. Few people are not ________ (scare) of sharks.
3. Fortunately, many nature reserves have been established, ________ with people's attitudes towards wildlife (change).
4. Last summer, droughts and floods made our environment ________ (damage), ________ (cause) severe infections in some areas.
5. Too much smog and fog ________ (contain) carbon dioxide are released, thus ________ (lead) to global warming.
(Suggested answers:
1. hunting 2. scared 3. changed 4. damaged, causing 5. containing, leading)
3. 教师活动：语法讲解
一、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语
（一）概述
宾语可以分为三种类型:单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语。make这个动词可以接这三种宾语。
1. She made a toy.
她做了一个玩具。
2. She made Tom a toy.
她给汤姆做了一个玩具。
3. She made Tom a good boy.
她使汤姆成为一个好孩子。
句1中made是“制作”,接单宾语。
句2中made也是“制作”,接双宾语,其中Tom是间接宾语,a toy是直接宾语。可以转换为: She made a toy for Tom.
句3中made为“使役动词”,意思是“使,让”。Tom是宾语,a good boy是宾语补足语,补充说明宾语Tom是什么或怎么样的。如果没有这个补足语,宾语的意思就不完整。
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的。具体地说,有些动词除了带有宾语外,还需要另外一个成分来说明宾语的情况，以弥补意义上的不足,让宾语的意义完整。这种起补充说明作用的词语或短语就叫做宾语补足语。能作宾语补足语的,可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式现在分词和过去分词等。
无论何种成分作宾补，必须同时具备以下三个条件:
1. 宾语是补足语的逻辑主语,宾补对宾语起补充说明的作用。
2. 在一个完整的句子中,宾补是不可缺少的,省掉后句意就不完整。
3. 判断某个成分是不是宾补，这跟谓语动词的性质有关。
宾补是动词作用于宾语的结果。大致可分为两类:
1. 动词具有“使”“令”“导致”宾语做某事的作用，即谓语动词使宾语怎么样、成为什么或变成什么(例如:make类, tell类,cause类)。
2. 动词具有感官的性能,对宾语的动作或状态具有感知作用(see, hear, find类)。
We call the girl Amy. (the girl为宾语，名词Amy为宾语补足语)
我们叫这个女孩艾米。
We all find Josie kind. (Josie为宾语,形容词kind为宾语补足语)
我们都认为乔茜善良。
Don't force such a little girl to learn. (such a little boy为宾语,动词不定式to learn 为宾语补足语)
不要逼着这么小的女孩学习。
We saw the man entering the room. (the man为宾语,现在分词短语entering the room为宾语补足语)
我们看见那个人进了房间。
She tried to make herself understood. (herself为宾语,过去分词understood为宾语补足语)
她设法让别人理解她的意思。
When she woke up, she found herself in the hospital. (herself为宾语,介词短语in the hospital为宾语补足语)
她醒来时发现自己在医院里。
When we arrived at his house, we found Mr. Smith out. (Mr. Smith为宾语副词out 为宾语补足语)
当我们到达他家时,我们发现史密斯先生外出了。
友情提示：
句子由主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主语补足语。
She was last seen playing near the river.
有人最后一次看见她在河附近玩。
Tom was considered to have stolen the money
人们认为汤姆偷了那笔钱。
The door was pushed open.
门被推开了。
She was caught cheating in the exam.
他被抓住考试作弊。
John was made the monitor.
约翰被选为班长。
（二）现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词除了作状语、定语和表语外,还可以作宾语补足语,说明宾语怎么样或正在进行的动作。现在分词作宾语补足语分为两种情况:一种是形容词性质的现在分词作宾语补足语;一种是动作性质的现在分词作宾语补足语。
1.形容词性质的现在分词作宾补
表示“观点”的这一类动词如think, consider, believe, find, feel等,都可以接这类复合宾语。
We think the report very encouraging.
我们认为这个报告非常鼓舞人。
I considered the book rather boring.
我认为这本书相当枯燥。
They all feel the result of the game disappointing.
他们都觉得比赛结果令人失望。
We all found the child very annoying.
我们都觉得这个孩子很烦人。
2.动作性质的现在分词作宾补
(1)感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice, observe, discover, find, listen to, look at, catch (当场发现)等，可以接复合宾语,现在分词作宾补。
Someone saw Jack watering flowers in the garden.
有人看见杰克在花园里浇花。
She heard someone singing next door.
她听到隔壁有人在唱歌。
I noticed something burning.
我注意到有东西燃了起来。
友情提示：
①感官动词后面可跟现在分词作宾补，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾补(find和 catch除外),二者有一定的差别。现在分词表示正在进行的动作,不定式表示动作的全过程或结果。
I heard the door bell ringing.
我听见门铃在响。(听的时候门铃正在响)
I heard someone knock at the door.
我听见有人敲门了。(听见敲门的全过程)
②现在分词作感官动词的宾补时，不能使用完成式。
He saw the house having burned. (误)
He saw the house burning. (正)
发生在你看见、听见之前的动作或事件，你是看不到也听不到的,你只能看见或听见正在发生的情况。这就是现在分词的完成式不能作感官动词的宾补的原因。
(2) 使役动词have, get, set, leave, keep等,可以接复合宾语，现在分词作宾补。
I can't have you wasting water like that.
我不能让你那样浪费水。
Don't keep your children learning all day
不要让你的孩子整天都在学习。
It was cold, so they left the fire burning all the night.
天气很冷，所以他们让炉火整夜燃烧着。
3. 在“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构中,现在分词充当了with的宾语的补足语。
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.
有这么多眼睛看着她,玛丽感到很害羞。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
物价上涨这么快,我们买不起奢侈品。
（三）过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词除了作状语、定语和表语外,还可以作宾语补足语。宾语与过去分词存在被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两大类:一类是感官动词,另一类是使役动词。
1. 感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, find等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。
While she was reading, she heard her name called behind.
当她在读书的时候,她听见有人在背后叫她的名字。
I find his English improved a lot.
我发现他的英语提高很多。
2. 使役动词make, have, get, keep, leave等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。
She went to the hospital to have his eyes examined.
她去医院把眼睛检查了一下。
The foreigner tried to make herself understood, but failed.
这个外国人设法使别人明白她的意思，但失败了。
友情提示：
have和get两个动词，用过去分词作宾语补足语可以表示几种特殊的意义。
3. 意欲动词want, like, wish, expect, would like等可以接复合宾语，过去分词作宾补。
I'd like the job done when I come back from the journey.
当我旅行回来时,我想让这份工作(被别人)做完。
The mother wants her daughter taught music in her free time.
这位母亲想让她的女儿在空闲时间学音乐。
上述动词也可以接不定式的被动式作宾语补足语,即在过去分词前加to be。
They would like the book (to be) published this year.
他们想要这本书今年出版。
We want this matter (to be) settled immediately.
我们希望这个问题立刻被解决。
4. 在“with + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中,过去分词充当了with的宾语的补足语。
A man was brought in, with his hands tied behind.
一个人被带了进来,双手在背后捆着。
The girl went out to play with all her homework finished.
这个女孩在所有家庭作业完成后出去玩耍了。
（四）各种非谓语形式作宾补的区别
1.现在分词作宾补和过去分词作宾补的区别
现在分词作宾补,宾语是动作的执行者;过去分词作宾补,宾语是动作的承受者。
I saw the dog following a man.
我看见那只狗跟在一个人的身后。
I saw the dog followed by a man.
我看见有人在那只狗后面跟着。
2.不定式现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别
不定式表示动作的全过程或结果;现在分词表示主动和正在进行;过去分词表示被动和完成。
I have seen Milla grow up from childhood, so I know her quite wel1.
我看着米拉从小长大，因此我很了解她。
Some students last saw Reed playing near an Internet bar.
几个学生最后看见瑞德时他正在一家网吧附近玩耍。
I'd like to see a proposal put forward at once.
我想看到立马有人提出建议。
3.过去分词现在分词被动式作宾补的区别
She heard her name called just a moment ago.
刚才她听见有人叫过她的名字。 (called是过去分词作宾补,表示“被动和完成”)
She heard her name being called from behind and stopped to look back.
她听见有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下来向后看。(being called是现在分词的被动式作宾补，表示“被动和进行”)
练习：用所给动词的正确形式完成句子
Last Sunday, we went to the zoo to see some wild animals. When we arrived in the early morning, we found the gate 1. ________ (close). So we had to wait outside. As soon as we saw the gate 2. ________ (open), we went in immediately. How excited we were to see some animals 3. ________ (play) with each other in the zoo!
There was a huge metal cage in the centre of the zoo. As we drew near, we could see a small monkey 4. ________ (attack) by a group of older monkeys. While I was watching, I heard my name 5. ________ (call) from behind. I noticed a boy 6. ________ (name) David 7. ________ (run) towards me.
He told me that he had met a foreigner and the foreigner didn't speak Chinese. So he wasn't able to make himself 8. ________ (understand) though he tried to make some gestures. When I learned that the foreigner wanted to have a picture 9. ________ (take) by the side of a beautiful peafowl, I went and helped take a picture for him at once.
(Suggested answers:
1. closed 2. opened 3. playing 4. being attacked 5. called 6. named 7. running 8. understood 9. taken)
4. 学生活动：完成练习。
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 2 in page 65.
Read the passage and choose the correct form of the verbs.
(Suggested answers:
Attracted; devoted; wearing; diving; giving; involved)
5. 学生活动：完成练习。
Get the students to complete the brochure with the expressions in Activity 4 on Page 66.
(Suggested answers:
1. reusable water bottle 2. carbon footprint 3. renewable energy 4. LED bulb 5. Water conservation 6. greenhouse effect)
三、After-class
Work in pairs. Discuss what you can do to help deal with global warming using the words and expressions you have learnt.
四、Summary
重点词汇：devote, presentation, establish, damage, flood, reduce, severe, infection, lecture
重点语法：现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语
五、Homework
After class, talk about another environmental problem and have a similar conversation.

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