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Unit 5 On the road
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn some new words and basic sentence structures.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点：
教学重点：How to learn the new words and basic sentence structures.
教学难点：How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师提问。
What do you know about -ing as attributive
二、While-class
Using Language
1. 学生活动：
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 53.
Look at the sentences from the interview and answer the questions.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
(Suggested answers:
1. Over 200, 000 people read the blog.
2. The sun is rising.
3. If we use one single -ing form to modify a noun, we usually put it before the noun. If the -ing form plus other words is used to modify a noun, it is usually put after the noun.
4. The first group uses the -ing form as attributive while the second group uses attributive clauses.
5. Because the sentences using the -ing form as attributive are more concise and colloquial.)
2. 学生活动：
Fill in the blanks.
1. I often go ________ (hike). Sometimes the destination is a dead volcano in the distance.
2. Considering my profession, I have to quit ________ (smoke).
3. They were used to ________ (follow) the previous route to enjoy the landscape.
4. When you take a flight, you will get ________ a plane and fly along a certain route.
5. Our manager is engaged ________ opening the next chain store.
6. My next destination is Australia. I'm going to study the kangaroos, deer and crocodiles ________ (live) there.
7. Li Ming fell in love ________ soccer, so he spent a lot of time playing it.
8. I visited some famous galleries in Sydney, which would make an impact ________ my profession.
9. He is determined to take every opportunity to make his dream ________ (come) true.
10. She can't help ________ (complain) to her boss about a mass of things to do.
(Suggested answers:
1. hiking 2. smoking 3. following 4. aboard 5.in 6. living
7. with 8. on 9. come plaining)
3. 教师活动：语法讲解
一、“动词+ing”作定语
（一）概述
由于动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,在语法作用上有重合，所以本单元把它们合并在一起,统称为“动词+-ing形式”作定语。虽然都是“动词+-ing形式”作定语,但修饰语和被修饰语之间的关系是不一样的。动名词作定语时，它和被修饰语的关系是“目的或用途关系”;现在分词作定语时,被修饰语和它的关系是“主谓关系”。这两种不同的修饰关系,是区分动名词和现在分词的标志。
对比如下:
A sleeping car is a car for sleeping.
一节卧铺车厢(动名词作定语)
A sleeping boy is a boy who is sleeping
一个正在睡觉的男孩(现在分词作定语)
Drinking water is water for drinking
饮用水(动名词作定语)
Boiling water is water that is boiling
正在沸腾的水(现在分词作定语)
（二）动名词作定语
动名词作定语,说明它与被修饰语是“目的或用途关系”。所以,我们可以用for doing或used for doing来置换这个动名词,放在被修饰语之后作定语。如:
a swimming pool→a pool for swimming→a pool used for swimming游泳池
以下都是动名词作定语的例子:
a walking stick→a stick for walking 一根手杖
a waiting room→a room for waiting一间候车(诊)室
a writing desk→a desk for writing 一张写字台
a reading room→a room for reading 一间阅览室
a bathing cap→a cap for bathing 一个浴帽
a changing room→a room for changing clothes 一间更衣室
a sitting room→a room for sitting一间起居室(客厅)
a watering can→a can for watering flowers 一把喷水壶
a guessing game→a game for guessing words 一个猜字游戏
an ironing board→a board for ironing clothes 一块衣板
a hiding place→a place for hiding 一个藏身处
a racing bicycle→a bicycle for racing 一辆赛车
an operating table→a table for operating 一张手术台
a diving board→a board for diving 一块跳板
a closing speech→a speech for closing a meeting 一篇闭幕词
a hunting dog→a dog for hunting 一条猎犬
reading materials→materials for reading 阅读材料
友情提示：
动名词作定语形式单一,都是单个的动名词作前置定语。而现在分词作定语则分两种情况:单个的现在分词作定语应前置,现在分词短语作定语应后置。
（三）现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语,说明被修饰语与现在分词之间是“主谓关系”。一般可以扩展为一个定语从句，从句常用进行时态。单个的现在分词作前置定语,现在分词短语作后置定语。
1. 单个现在分词作前置定语
a barking dog→a dog that is barking 一只正在吠叫的狗
a floating boat→a boat that is floating 一艘漂浮的小船
a developing country→a country that is developing一个发展中国家
falling leaves→leaves that are falling 正在落下的叶子
the rising sun→the sun that is rising冉冉升起的太阳
the following questions→the questions that follow 后面的问题
the suffering people→people who are suffering 受难的人们
2. 现在分词短语作后置定语
Do you know the girl standing by the school gate
=Do you know the girl who is standing by the school gate
你认识站在学校门口的那个女孩吗
The girl playing football on the playground is my sister.
= The girl who is playing football on the playground is my sister.
在操场上踢足球的那个女孩是我妹妹。
有时,现在分词不一定表示正在进行的动作。如果现在分词表示习惯意义,如人的国籍、职业、事物的客观存在等,转换为定语从句时则用一般时态。
They are visitors coming from several countries.
=They are visitors who come from several countries.
他们是来自几个国家的游客。
A young woman writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
=A young woman who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
3. 表示令人情绪变化的现在分词作定语
一些表示令人情绪变化的现在分词已经转化成形容词,也叫分词形容词,常用来作定语(还可以作表语)，多用来修饰事物,意为“令人……的”。这类词常用的有amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, confusing, convincing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, encouraging, exciting, fascinating等。
That must have been a terrifying experience.
那肯定是一次可怕的经历。
The experiment was an amazing success.
那项实验取得了惊人的成功。
She told us a moving story, and we were all moved.
她给我们讲了一个感人的故事,我们都很感动
That's disappointing news, but don't lose heart.
这是个令人失望的消息,但别灰心。
4.现在分词的被动式作定语
现在分词作定语时,如果被修饰词与其是被动关系,则要用被动式 being done，表示正在被做。
The tall building being built now is our school library
正在被建的那座高楼是我们学校的图书馆。
The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster
正在被讨论的问题是校长提出的。
5. 在下列情况下,不能用现在分词作定语,应使用定语从句
(1) 如果作定语的动词所表示的动作已经发生或者与句子谓语动词表示的动作不在同一个时间范围，应使用定语从句，不能用现在分词作定语。
The professor visiting our school yesterday will give us a lecture. (误)
The professor who visited our school yesterday will give us a lecture. (正)
昨天参观我们学校的那位教授将给我们做一次讲座。
(2) 现在分词的完成式一般不作定语,只用来作状语,表示动作早于谓语动词发生。
The girl having turned in her paper is Cheryl. (误)
The girl who has turned in her paper is Cheryl. (正)
已经交上试卷的那个女孩是谢里尔。
（四）非谓语动词作定语的几大区别
1.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1) 语态不同:现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
The woman standing beside him is his secretary.
站在他旁边的那个女人是他的秘书。 (the woman与stand之间是主动关系)
She showed me the book recommended by the professor.
她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。 (the book与recommend之间是被动关系)
(2) 时间不同:现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示过去已经完成的动作。
the changing world正在发生变化的世界
the changed world 已经变化了的世界
(3) 现在分词作定语，扩展成定语从句是主动语态;过去分词作定语，扩展成定语从句是被动语态。
The woman standing beside him is his secretary.
→The woman who is standing beside him is his secretary.
She showed me the book recommended by the professor.
→She showed me the book which had been recommended by the professor.
the changing world→the world that is changing
the changed world→the world that has been changed
2. 动名词和不定式作定语的区别
(1) 不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作或经常发生的动作，放在被修饰词的后面。
Betty is always the first to come and the last to leave.
贝蒂总是第一个来,最后一个走。 (习惯性动作)
My next aim to achieve is to earn a lot of money and buy my parents a big house.
我要实现的下一个目标就是赚好多钱给我父母买一栋大房子。(将要发生的动作)
(2) 动名词作定语往往表示用途或作用,放在被修饰词的前面。
a walking stick = a stick which is used for walking
a reading room = a room which is used for reading
3. 过去分词现在分词被动式和动词不定式被动式作定语的区别
done, being done和to be done,这三种非谓语形式都表示被动，都可以作定语,但它们是有明显区别的。done表示“已经被做”,being done表示“正在被做”,to be done表示“将要被做”。
The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.
昨天召开的会议很重要。
The meeting being held now is of great importance.
现在正在召开的会议很重要。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天将要召开的会议很重要。
练习：用所给动词的正确形式完成句子
1. I've quit ________ (smoke). Now I often go ________ (hike). My destination is usually a dead volcano in the distance.
2. ________ (take) a flight means you will probably go aboard a plane ________ (fly) to a destination along a certain route.
3. There are many kangaroos, deer and crocodiles ________ (live) in Australia, which is my destination of this journey.
4. To get more knowledge ________ (concern) my profession and quest, I visited the most famous art galleries in Sydney.
5. I love travelling. At the sight of a new destination every time, I can't help________ (fall) in love with it.
6. __________ (get) my visa form the embassy, I began to pack up my luggage for my trip.
7. It seems we are lost. Don't complain about __________ (have) a poor sense of direction. Cheer up! The destination is not far ahead.
8. __________ (drive) our own vehicles across the continent of Europe, we went to England to watch a wonderful soccer match.
9. On __________ (speak) of soccer, I can't wait to tell you a mass of things __________ (mark) the stars.
10. I fell asleep and had a strange dream __________ (say) that I was in a dramatic landscape __________ (carry) a credit card and masses of foreign currency with me.
(Suggested answers:
1. smoking; hiking 2. Taking, flying 3. living 4. concerning 5. falling
6. Having got 7. having 8. Driving 9. speaking, marking
10. saying, carrying)
4. 学生活动：完成练习。
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 2 in page 53.
Rewrite the underlined words using the -ing form.
(Suggested answers:
running; travelling; lining; wanting)
5. 学生活动：完成练习。
1. Get the students to read the emails. Underline the tasks Andrew and Matt have to do before going on a trip on Page 54.
2. Get the students to show their answers and correct with them.
(Suggested answers:
Hey Matt,
Good news for our trip! I checked the embassy website and we don't need to apply for a visa now. We can get one when we arrive at the airport in Jakarta. I've also booked accommodation based on the budget we made. I found the Holiday Hotel chain when I was doing research online. According to the reviews, these hotels are clean, central and inexpensive. By the way, did you buy the plane tickets
Andrew
Hey Andrew,
I've bought the plane tickets and arranged transfer from the airport to the hotel. So we are almost set! Don't forget to check in online and print your boarding pass in advance. Then all we have to do is pack luggage. Remember to bring your camera! Oh, one last thing...Have you exchanged foreign currency I don't have a credit card. I'd like to buy souvenirs for my family so I'm going to take $300 just in cash. Can't wait!
Matt)
三、After-class
Work in pairs. Choose a destination and prepare your trip together.
四、Summary
重点词汇：aboard, credit, flight, advance, engage
重点语法：“动词+ing”作定语
五、Homework
After class, Draw your own mind map of the usage of -ing as attributive.

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