资源简介

(共23张PPT)
主讲人：新建二中Lucy
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to：
1. understand the basic form of predicative clauses (表语从句).
2. master the usages of different subordinating conjunctions (从属连词) that
lead predicative clauses.
3. understand the meanings and functions of predicative clauses.
4. use predicative clauses correctly and properly in context (语境中).
Explore: Observe and find
1. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food
and water.
3. It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she
had it delivered to her house every day.
4. The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
by waste.
The basic form of Predicative Clause:
Subject+Linking verbs+[subordinating conjunction+other elements]
PC
that, whether, how,where, what, as if...
be,seem,appear,look,sound...
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but
in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure
for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m
doing. —Wernher von Braun
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.
—Wernher von Braun
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
What subordinating conjunctions (从属连词) can lead a predicative clause
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science
is what makes me immensely satisfied. —Bill Gates
2. The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together. —Alvin Toffler
3. The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease. —Ashley Montagu
4. Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing.
—Wernher von Braun
Practice: Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.
How are these conjunctions used in a predicative clause
定义：表语从句放在 之后，充当复合句中的 。
结构: _______________________________
主语+系动词 +
引导词 +
简单句
系动词
表语
1. 右面图表里的动词，不总是用作连系动词。
2. 代词充当表语时，通常用代词的宾格形式。
3. 做题时，区分该用动词过去分词、V-ing形式还是动词的不定式充当表语：主语是动作的发出者，并且动作在持续进行时，用V-ing形式；主语是承受者时，动词使用过去分词；而当主语为动作执行者时，动词多用不定式。
表语从句前的系动词
She remained _________ there for a good hour, which surprised everyone.
令所有人吃惊的是，她在那里站了很长时间。
standing
引导词
that, whether, as if, as though,
because...
连词
when, where, why, how…
连接副词
what/whatever, which/whichever, who/whoever, whom, whose...
连接
代词
表语从句的引导词
1. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease.
2. What people really doubt is __________ the doctor will defeat the serious illness.
3. It seemed _______ the world were coming to an end.
4. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is ________ we have not yet learn to make sensible use of it.
that
（在从句中不充当成分）
whether
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“是否”, 表语从句中不能使用“if”）
as if
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“好像”）
表语从句中SVO成分完整
连词：在从句中不充当成分
表语从句中SVO成分完整
表语从句中SVO成分完整
because
（在从句中不充当成分, 意为“因为”）
表语从句中SP成分完整
5. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is ______ makes me immensely satisfied.
6. That is _______ many experts are worrying about.
7. There are dozens of books about Zoology in library. However, what really makes him confused is _______ is the most suitable one for his research paper.
what
（在从句中充当主语，
意为“...的事情”）
which
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“哪一（本）...”）
连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语
表语从句中缺少主语
what
（在从句中充当宾语，意为“...的事情”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
表语从句中缺少主语
8. The problem is __________ could find out a cure for the disease.
9. What I have not decided is ________ I am going to visit.
10. Both my parents have given me some advice on how to save money. But the question is ______ advice I should take.
whose
（在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的...”）
连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、定语
表语从句中缺少定语
表语从句中缺少主语
whom
（在从句中充当宾语, 意为“谁”）
表语从句中缺少宾语
who
（在从句中充当主语, 意为“谁”）
11. What John Snow showed to the world was ______ cholera could be overcome.
12. The exact places Snow marked on the map were _______ all those who died had lived.
13. What Snow was determined to find out was ________ more than 500 people died in ten days.
14. The next major explosion is going to be ________ genetics and computers come together.
how
where
when
表语从句中SVA成分完整, 缺少原因状语：“为什么...”
连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方式状语：“如何”
表语从句中SV成分完整, 缺少时间状语：“...的时候”
why
表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少地点状语：“...的地方”
Answer the following qestions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.
1. What was Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London
Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was that ______________________________________________________.
2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London
What Snow was determined to find out was why _________________________________________________________.
3. What were the exact places Snow marked on the map
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where __________________________________________________.
4. What was the finding that Snow announced
Snow’s finding was that __________________________________.
EXAMPLE
What Was it that John Snow showed to the world
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days
the outbreak of cholera had caused over 500 deaths within ten days
all those who died had lived
the pump water carried cholera germs
表语从句 Exercise 1
A: Absolutely! You may not believe it, but that was ___________happened at the initial (初始的) stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes, it is. And it seemed ___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was ______ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C:Exactly! The problem was not about ___________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding __________________ theory to depend upon.
D:We realized that what we cared about was not ___________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ___________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
what
as if
that
whether
which/what
what/which
how
why
First, complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box;
表语从句 Exercise 3
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: ________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: ________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David: ________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David: ________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David: ________________
C
B
E
D
A
A: Absolutely ! You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B: Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C: Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding. which/what/whose theory to depend upon.
D: We realised that which/what we cared about was not which aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E: You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
Now put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.
1. 这就是去年举行运动会的地方。
This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last year.
2. 唯一的问题是这个过程会有多快。
The only question is 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3. 我想知道的是你何时能完成任务。
What I want to know is 　 　　　　　　　　 　.
4. 困难看来少不了。
　　　　　　　　　 there are going to be a lot of difficulties.
5. 窗户都打开了，难怪这么冷。
All the windows are open; that’s 　　　　　　　.
where the sports meeting was held
how fast the process will be
when you can finish the task
It looks as if /though
why it is so cold
引导词 充当成分 备注
who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 主语 翻
译
视
语
境
而
定
whom, who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 宾语、表语 whose, what, which 定语 when, where, why, how 状语 that, whether, as if, as though, because 不充当成分 总结
即学即练
Complete Exercise 2 in Assessing Your Progress on P10.
Assignment
2. Complete Exercise 2
of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.
1. Complete Exercise 2 in Assessing Your Progress on P10.
Science is simply _________ you can do. And doing science makes you a scientist! So,what do scientists do Actually, what matters is not only _________ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask, but also _________ they use evidence or data to answer the questions. They identify useful data and take new measurements. Some of the key issues that scientists face are _________ calculations they do and _________ they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask. The final issue, which many believe to be the most important, is _________ they need to communicate their results. This is _________ they want everyone to benefit from their work! It seems _________ science is all around us. You see, by doing science, scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world .
what
what
how
what
how
that/as if
why
because
1 A: Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass are the four
great inventions of ancient China. They are significant contributions
of the Chinese nation to the world.
B: Sure, they are. What I want to know though is_______________________
_____________________________________________
2 A: The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing. Then they went on to invent books and had opened bookshops in many cities.
B: What I am curious about is __________________________________
__________________________________________
which one is the greatest invention.
2. Complete Exercise 2 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.
/how these inventions have changed China and the world.
who invented paper/when ink was invented.
/when and how printing spread to the rest of the world.
3 A: The compass is a special invention of ancient China, dating back to as early as the Warring States Period.
B: Yes, It seems__________________________________________________
_________________________________
4 A: Gunpowder was originally used for making fireworks.
B: But what surprises me is ________________________________________
______________________________
that ancient Chinese had developed a good knowledge of magnetism.
2. Complete Exercise 2 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.
/that the compass was particularly useful.
that gunpowder was not used initially for firearms.
/how it is so unexpectedly used today.
5 A: After the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is a treatment which doesn’t involve any drugs. Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a person’s body.
B: Really What puzzles me is _______________________
___________________________
6 A: High-speed trains, mobile payments, the bike-sharing system, and online shopping are considered by some as the new “four inventions” of China.
B: Is that so I feel/It seems_________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
/for whom this practice was first done.
2. Complete Exercise 2 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.
who first started this practice.
that these inventions have really made our lives easier.
/as if I could not live without them, especially when it comes to online shopping.
THANK YOU!

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