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【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）
重难点11 阅读理解A篇之记叙文
（建议用时：30分钟）
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同,要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文,说明文,应用文等。
四种题型：
1. 细节理解题
☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力,答案一般可在原文定位到。
☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点,不可望文生义和主观臆断。
干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反,不符,未涉及,特征是无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容。
解题技巧：
通读短文,领会文章大意,理解文章结构层次及细节,特别注意：
1. 五个W （who , which , when , where , what ）和一个H （ how ） ;
2. 数字、日期、时间等;
3. 注意加强语气的词,运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项,剩下的就是最佳答案。
2.词句猜测题
此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义,常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。
解题技巧：
1. 正确理解题意,从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子,根据特定的语境来判断理解,推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：
（1）注意定义和解释;
（2）同义词或近义词的提示;
（3）近义词和反义词的提示;
（4）利用悬念的属种关系;
（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。
3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)
☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析,归纳和推断得解。
☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点,不可望文生义和主观臆断。
解题技巧：
1. 分析文章的主旨。
2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。
4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。
4. 主旨大意题(Best title)
☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力,答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到。
☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心,阅读时视域要宽,紧抓对主题句搜索,按意群进行阅读,避免阅读中的出声,指读,复视或停顿。
（一）
Mr. Conway told all the students that Earth Day was coming up soon and they should all come up with an idea for a project. Everyone thought really hard about their idea.
Miguel said, “We should start recycling (回收) at school. We could set up big bins (垃圾箱) around our school.” “Great idea, Miguel!” Mr. Conway praised. “Who else has an idea ”
Emma said, “We could encourage (鼓励) everyone to ride their bikes instead of using cars or school buses. We could make big posters (海报) and encourage our parents to ride bikes to work too.” “Another great idea!” Mr. Conway said. “Anyone else ”
Kim said, “At my house we have a vegetable garden, and we eat what we grow every year. Maybe we could start a garden here at school and serve (服务；提供) the vegetables in dinning hall.” Mr. Conway said, “I like that idea. I’ll have to discuss it with the head teacher though. Who else had an idea ”
Johnny said, “I heard people can save a lot of energy (能量) by changing from traditional bulbs (电灯泡) to fluorescent light bulbs (荧光灯), but I know not everybody has them. let’s have a light bulb drive (运动). where we collect fluorescent light bulbs, or money to buy them, and give them to people who need them.”
“All of these are terrific ideas!” Mr. Conway said. “They would all help the Earth stay healthy and clean. I don’t know how I’ll decide which one to pick.”
Miguel raised his hand and said, “Why do you have to pick just one Why don’t we do them all ” Mr. Conway looked surprised, but nodded (点头) his head at last.
On Earth Day, the class were divided into (被分成) teams. Miguel and his team got big bins and labeled (用标签标明) them for recycling. Emma and her team made bright signs encouraging everyone to ride bikes. Johnny and his team gave fluorescent light bulbs to every family who needed them. The head teacher of the school even gave a green light to start a school garden.
1．What was Miguel’s idea for the project on Earth Day
A．To join a green club. B．To start recycling at home.
C．To set up big bins. D．To stop littering (扔垃圾) at school.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Kim’s idea. B．Emma’s idea. C．Johnny’s idea. D．Mr. Conway’s idea.
3．What does the underlined word “terrific” in Paragraph 6 mean
A．terrible B．wonderful C．strange D．boring
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How the students spend Earth Day. B．What everyone thought of Earth Day.
C．How the class were divided on Earth Day. D．What the students loved about Earth Day.
5．How do you think Kim felt, according to the underlined part in the last paragraph
A．Excited. B．Worried. C．Bored. D．Surprised.
（二）
I’m good at my schoolwork, but for some reason, I have a very bad habit of losing things.
Last summer, I was on vacation with my family at the beach. On the first day, my father gave me a watch. “You need to have a watch, so take good care of it,” he said.
The next day, I went swimming. The sun was shining on the water. The water was warm and beautiful. I really enjoyed being in the water.
When I returned to beach, I was quite tired so I lay down. At that moment, I wanted to see what time it was. But the watch was gone! I looked for it all afternoon, but I could not find it.
That night at dinner, my sister asked, “What time is it ”
“Ask Tom,” my mother said. “He has a new watch. ”
Dad looked at me and said, “Don’t tell me that you’ve lost the watch already!”
“No!” I said. I was sweating （出汗）with great fear. I knew I was going to be caught in a terrible lie （谎言）. Just then, there was an announcement, “Ladies and gentlemen, a very nice watch was found on the beach today. If you lost one and can identify（确认）it, please come to the front desk. ”
At once, I knew what I had to do. I slowly got up, with my whole family staring at me. I went to the desk. There it was. The watch was not broken. It was still working.
I walked back to the table, sat down and said in a low voice, “I’m sorry I didn’t tell the truth.” My family smiled. They knew that I had finally learned my lesson.
6．Tom’s father gave him a new watch because Tom _______.
A．needed one B．was on vacation
C．disliked his old one D．behaved well at school
7．What did Tom do when he found the watch was gone
A．He told his father about that.
B．He asked the front desk for help.
C．He spent all afternoon looking for it.
D．He did nothing and continued lying on the beach.
8．How might Tom feel after saying “No”
A．Happy. B．Worried. C．Relaxed. D．Angry.
9．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Tom does well in his schoolwork.
B．Tom enjoys swimming in the water.
C．Tom always tells lies.
D．Tom often loses things.
10．What does the underlined word “lesson” in the last sentence refer to
A．Taking good care of ourselves is necessary.
B．It’s important to listen to parents.
C．We should excuse others’ mistakes.
D．Face mistakes bravely rather than telling lies.
（三）
Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day When he wanted to steal(偷) the bell on his neighbour’s door, he walked up to the door, took hold of (抓住) the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.
Then he sat down to think, “I must do something about the noise,” he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. “Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.” The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out.
“Steal my bell I’ll teach you a lesson (教训),” the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.
The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. “Why did he come out just then ” he wondered (感到疑惑).
11．The thief was trying to get ________.
A．his neighbour B．his neighbour’s doorbell
C．some cotton D．a door with a bell on it
12．The thief put some cotton in his ears. He thought it would be ________ for him to steal the doorbell.
A．safe B．difficult C．dangerous D．easy
13．The neighbour ran out probably (很可能) because ________.
A．he knew his doorbell was being stolen B．he thought someone was eager (渴望的) to visit him
C．he realized (意识到) something strange happened D．Both B and C
14．The neighbour hit the thief to ________.
A．give him lessons B．punish (惩罚) him for stealing
C．help him with the bell D．be his teacher
15．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The thief understood why he was hit on the nose.
B．The thief knew why the neighbour came out.
C．The thief thought the neighbour couldn’t hear the noise the bell made.
D．The thief didn’t want to know why the neighbour ran out.
（四）
A Chinese worker, who cared for the injured and dealt with a dangerous situation and then got lost in the mountains, has been saved 17 days later.
Gan Yu, a worker at Sichuan’s Wandong hydropower plant (水力发电站), was on duty with his co-worker, Luo Yong, on Sept. 5 when the 6.8-level quake hit southwestern Sichuan Province. Luo prevented flooding by pouring water from the dam before he joined Gan Yu, who stayed behind to give first aid to injured co-workers. Then the pair ran to the plant and turned off the generator (发电机). They tried to leave the far-away power station, walking around for 20 kilometers. But Gan, who has very poor eyesight, had lost his glasses during the quake and found it difficult to walk in the mountains. They finally decided that Gan should stay put while Luo went looking for help. Luo left Gan some wild fruit and bamboo shoots to eat. Luo was found on Sept. 8, but by the time Gan’s pieces of clothing and footprints were discovered on Sept. 11, he had disappeared.
Luckily, the story didn’t end here. On Sept. 19, a local farmer, Ni Taigao, returned to his village at the foot of the mountain where the power plant is, and heard about the news of looking for Gan. The villager put his local knowledge to use and joined the search. During hours of trekking (艰苦跋涉), he heard Gan’s weak cries and soon noticed him. There are no superheroes in this story, but ordinary people like the three turned into heroes.
16．Where did the story happen
A．Sichuan. B．Fujian. C．Yunnan. D．Guizhou.
17．What did Luo Yong do in the story
A．He lost his glasses. B．He joined the search.
C．He prevented flooding. D．He helped the injured.
18．What does the underlined word “stay put” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．熬夜 B．离开 C．不动 D．出发
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Gan Yu has been saved on September 11th.
B．The two man had trouble walking out of the mountains.
C．Luo Yong took all the wild fruit and bamboo shoots with him.
D．Ni Taigao has no local knowledge but he wanted to help them.
20．What’s the best title of the passage
A．A Lost Worker B．Hydropower Plant C．A Local Farmer D．Ordinary Heroes
（五）
On a rainy day, about 150 volunteers worked for eight hours to clean up Carson Creek that is near a river. About nine tons of trash was taken out from there.
“We did a good job,” said Alan Specter, the organizer of the event. “We’ve planned to come back here one more time. Of course, we hope that there won’t be so much trash next time.”
The trash came in all shapes, sizes and colors: bottles, bicycles, batteries, furniture, clothing, plastic bags, dolls and even a golf bag with a full set of golf clubs (高尔夫球杆).
The dirty and tiring work was done by two volunteering groups—Save the Bay and Watch the Whales. Most of the volunteers came from a local police station and a fire station. And some of them were old people who had already been retired.
That day, it rained a little. All of them wore boots and raincoats. The work took place along a two-mile river with over 500 big yellow trash bags everywhere.
No one found anything that cost much. A five-year-old boy found an earring which he thought might be worth a million dollars. He said he’d sell it. Then he’d donate half of the money to Watch the Whales, and use the other half to buy his favorite ice-cream every day.
Many people laughed at the boy’s story.
However, it was easily found that the environment there did become better.
21．What did the two volunteering groups do in Carson Creek
A．They collected a lot of trash. B．They helped a small boy achieve his dream.
C．They helped some homeless animals. D．They found something expensive.
22．Who is Alan Specter
A．A five-year-old boy. B．The organizer of the event.
C．A villager nearby. D．A policeman.
23．What does the underlined word “donate” mean
A．Put off. B．Pick up. C．Give away. D．Look for.
24．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．There was more trash when the volunteers left that day.
B．The volunteers would come back to Carson Creek one more time.
C．There must be less trash when the volunteers get back again.
D．In fact, the earring which the small oy found cost little.
25．What is the best title for the passage
A．Rainy days B．Something useful by a river
C．A boy’s dream D．Cleaning up so much trash!
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文讲述了Conway先生收集大家对地球日的想法，以及让全班同学在地球日那天进行实践的事。
1．细节理解题。根据“We should start recycling (回收) at school. We could set up big bins (垃圾箱) around our school”可知，Miguel的建议是在学校开始回收，在学校周围设置大垃圾箱。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Kim said, ‘At my house we have a vegetable garden ...’ Mr. Conway said, ‘I like that idea. I’ll have to discuss it with the heads teacher though ...’ ”可知，划线部分的“it”指的是Kim的想法。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据“They would all help the Earth stay healthy and clean. I don’t know how I’ll decide which one to pick.”可知，所有的这些想法都很棒；“terrific”在此表示“极好的，了不起的”，与“wonderful”同义。故选B。
4．段落大意题。根据“On Earth Day, the class were divided into (被分成) teams.”和整段可知，同学们被分成各个小组，根据之前提出的想法可知，各个小组参与到各项实践活动中；C选项“班级在地球日是如何划分的。”符合段意。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据“The head teacher of the school even gave a green light to start a school garden.”可知，学校的校长甚至还开了绿灯，允许学校建花园，说明Kim的建设蔬菜园的想法得到了认可；由此推知Kim会很激动。故选A。
6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文讲述了Tom有个爱丢东西的习惯，在去年夏天，Tom又丢失了爸爸新给他买的手表，不过最后失而复得，但从这次经历中Tom也吸取了教训。
6．细节理解题。根据“You need to have a watch, so take good care of it”可知因为Tom需要手表，所以爸爸给他一块新的，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“But the watch was gone! I looked for it all afternoon, but I could not find it.”可知他花费了整整一个下午都在找手表，故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据“I was sweating （出汗）with great fear”可知，他说了“不”之后，他很害怕很担心，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据“I was sweating （出汗）with great fear. I knew I was going to be caught in a terrible lie （谎言）.”可知，Tom这次撒谎了，自己认为是可怕的谎言，且自己感觉到巨大的恐惧，说明他平时不撒谎，故选C。
10．词义猜测题。根据“I walked back to the table, sat down and said in a low voice, ‘I’m sorry I didn’t tell the truth.’ My family smiled. They knew that I had finally learned my lesson.”可知，家人知道Tom吸取了教训，所以单词“lesson”指的是“勇敢地面对错误，而不是说谎”，故选D。
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文讲了“掩耳盗铃”的故事。
11．细节判断题。根据“When he wanted to steal the bell on his neighbour’s door”可他想偷邻居家门上的铃铛。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据“ ‘I must do something about the noise,’ he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. ‘Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.’ The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell.”可知他认为捂住自己的耳朵，别人就听不见铃声了，由此推出他觉得这样做他能安全偷到门铃。故选A。
13．推理判断题。门铃一直响，有可能是有人拜访，或者是发生了什么奇怪的事情，所以邻居在门铃响时出来一探究竟。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据邻居说的“Steal my bell I’ll teach you a lesson”，可知，邻居打小偷是为了惩罚他。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.”及全文内容可知，小偷捂上自己的耳朵就认为别人听不到，才大胆去偷铃，C项表达正确。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了在地震中坚守水电站，拉闸泄洪和关闭电机，从而挽救了数百人生命的英雄——甘宇和罗永，以及介绍了参与搜寻并发现了在地震后失联的甘宇的村民——倪太高。
16．细节理解题。根据“Gan Yu, a worker at Sichuan’s Wandong hydropower plant (水力发电站), was on duty with his co-worker, Luo Yong, on Sept. 5 when the 6.8-level quake hit southwestern Sichuan Province...”可知，这个故事发生在四川。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“Luo prevented flooding by pouring water from the dam...”可知，罗永阻止了洪水。故选C。
18．词义猜测题。根据“But Gan, who has very poor eyesight, had lost his glasses during the quake and found it difficult to walk in the mountains. They finally decided that Gan should stay put while Luo went looking for help. Luo left Gan some wild fruit and bamboo shoots to eat.”可知，甘宇的视力不好，他的眼镜也在地震中丢失了，并且在山里难以行走，所以最后甘宇和罗永决定了甘宇留在原地，而罗永则去寻求救援，因此第二段中的划线词汇stay put应意为“留在原地，固定不动”。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“They tried to leave the far-away power station, walking around for 20 kilometers. But Gan, who has very poor eyesight, had lost his glasses during the quake and found it difficult to walk in the mountains. They finally decided that Gan should stay put while Luo went looking for help. Luo left Gan some wild fruit and bamboo shoots to eat. Luo was found on Sept. 8...”可知，地震发生于9月5号，甘宇有严重的近视，且眼镜也在地震中丢失了，所以在山里难以步行，最后决定甘宇留在原地，罗永去寻求援助，而罗永是在9月8号才被发现，甘宇却暂时失联了，由此可推，甘宇和罗永俩人都在走出大山时遇到了困难。故选B。
20．最佳标题题。根据最后一段中的最后一句“There are no superheroes in this story, but ordinary people like the three turned into heroes.”，以及通读全文后可知，这个故事主要介绍的是甘宇和罗永，以及一位当地农民倪太高，甘宇和罗永在地震中拉闸泄洪，关闭电机，从而挽救了数百人的生命，倪太高凭借自己对当地熟识也参与到了搜寻甘宇的救援中，并在最后找到了甘宇，文章的最后一句话也说到虽然这个故事里没有超级英雄，但像这样的三个普通人成为了英雄，所以本文的最佳标题应是选项D“平凡英雄”，符合文意。故选D。
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文讲述保护海湾和观察鲸鱼的志愿者组织帮助清理大量垃圾。
21．细节理解题。根据“about 150 volunteers worked for eight hours to clean up Carson Creek that is near a river. About nine tons of trash was taken out from there.”可知，他们收集了很多垃圾。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“‘We did a good job,’ said Alan Specter, the organizer of the event.”可知，艾伦·斯佩克特是活动的组织者。故选B。
23．词义猜测题。根据“Then he’d donate half of the money to Watch the Whales, and use the other half to buy his favorite ice-cream every day.”可知，他会捐出一半的钱去看鲸鱼，并用另一半钱每天买他最喜欢的冰淇淋。推出donate的意思为“捐赠”。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据“About nine tons of trash was taken out from there.”可知，那天志愿者离开时，垃圾更多了，表达错误。故选A。
25．最佳标题。根据“About nine tons of trash was taken out from there.”及下文的介绍可知，本文主要讲述志愿者清理大量垃圾。故选D。
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